Refrigeration
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This document discusses refrigeration and the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. It describes that refrigeration involves extracting heat from a low temperature body and rejecting it to a high temperature sink. It then explains the two main types of refrigeration cycles as vapor compression and vapor absorption. It provides details on the components and working of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. It also discusses different types of each component. In summary, the document provides an overview of refrigeration and the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
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types of expansion devices in rac
Expansion devices in refrigeration systems serve two purposes: expanding refrigerant from high to low pressure and controlling the flow of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. There are two main types of expansion devices - variable restriction devices like automatic expansion valves and thermostatic expansion valves, and constant restriction devices like capillary tubes. Capillary tubes are fixed restriction devices that are simple and inexpensive but only provide constant pressure drop via friction and acceleration. Automatic and thermostatic expansion valves can vary the flow of refrigerant in response to temperature. Compressors increase the pressure of vaporized refrigerant and come in positive displacement varieties like reciprocating and scroll compressors or non-positive displacement centrifugal compressors.
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Vortex tube refrigeration uses compressed air and has no moving parts. Air is passed through a nozzle into a chamber where it spins creating hot and cold streams. The cold air exits through a diaphragm hole while the hot air exits through a valve. Steam jet refrigeration uses steam expanded through nozzles to lower pressure and boil water below 100C for refrigeration. High pressure steam enters nozzles and flash chamber, lowering pressure and evaporating water to decrease temperature before chilled water is circulated for use. Both systems have advantages of simplicity and flexibility but limited capacity and efficiency.
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types of expansion devices in rac
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This document discusses the key components of a vapor compression refrigeration system:
1) The evaporator where refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, cooling the air flowing through it.
2) The compressor which compresses the vapor from the evaporator.
3) The condenser where the high pressure vapor is cooled and condensed to a liquid.
4) The expansion valve which controls the flow of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator.
It also covers types of each component and their functions, as well as the environmental effects of refrigerant emissions.
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1. Condensers convert vapor back into liquid by transferring heat from the vapor to a cooling medium, usually through tubes.
2. The main parts of a condenser are the shell, tube sheets, water boxes, and tubes. Steam flows over the tubes on the shell side while cooling water flows through the tubes.
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The document discusses the simple vapor compression refrigeration system. It begins by defining what a vapor compression refrigeration system is and why they are needed over other refrigeration systems. It then outlines the basic mechanism and components of a simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle, including the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator. Finally, it discusses factors that affect the system's coefficient of performance and lists some advantages and disadvantages.
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An expansion device in a refrigeration system normally serves two purposes :
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The control functions which may involve the supply of liquid to the evaporator at the rate at which it is evaporated. This determines the efficiency with which evaporator surface is utilized.
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The document discusses the vortex tube refrigeration system. It begins with an abstract that outlines how vortex tubes produce hot and cold air streams from compressed air without affecting the environment. It then reviews the literature on vortex tube design and operation. The key components of the vortex tube are described, including the nozzle, diaphragm, valve, hot and cold sides, and chamber. The document explains how compressed air is tangentially injected into the vortex chamber, creating swirling flows that split into hot and cold streams. It evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of vortex tube systems and their applications in areas requiring compact, reliable cooling like aircraft, spacesuits, and industrial processes.
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This document discusses the key components of a vapor compression refrigeration system:
1) The evaporator where refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, cooling the air flowing through it.
2) The compressor which compresses the vapor from the evaporator.
3) The condenser where the high pressure vapor is cooled and condensed to a liquid.
4) The expansion valve which controls the flow of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator.
It also covers types of each component and their functions, as well as the environmental effects of refrigerant emissions.
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1. Condensers convert vapor back into liquid by transferring heat from the vapor to a cooling medium, usually through tubes.
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3. There are different types of condensers including surface condensers, jet condensers, and barometric or low-level condensers depending on how the steam and cooling water interact.
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4) Third law - The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
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Refrigeration
INTRODUCTION AND BASICS OF REFRIGERATION
REFRIGERANT SELECTION CRITERIA (ASHRAE STANDARD)
AUXILLARY EQUIPMENTS IN REFRIGERATION CYCLE
LOAD CALCULATION (PEAK LOAD AND AVERAGE LOAD)
PRILIMINARY PROCESS DESIGN
EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION
SPECIFICATION OF COMPLETE REFRIGERATION PACKAGE
P & ID TYPICAL REFRIGERATION PLANT
START-UP AND SHUT-DOWN
TROUBLE SHOOTING AND CHECKLIST
Unit 26
This document discusses various commercial refrigeration systems and applications. It describes reach-in refrigeration cases, self-contained and remote condensing units, multiple evaporator systems, and package versus remote condensing applications. It also covers topics like heat reclaim, mullion heat, walk-in refrigeration, vending machines, and air dryers. The objectives are to describe different display equipment types, discuss heat reclaim concepts, and explain various refrigeration system applications.
Vapourcompressionrefrigeration 140614054320-phpapp02 (1)
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on vapor compression refrigeration. It describes the basic principles of refrigeration, including defining refrigeration as the removal of heat from a substance at a lower temperature than its surroundings. It then explains the key components and process of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. The document also discusses units of refrigeration, coefficient of performance, advantages and disadvantages of vapor compression refrigeration.
Vapourcompressionrefrigeration 140614054320-phpapp02 (1)
This document summarizes the key aspects of vapour compression refrigeration. It discusses how refrigeration works by extracting heat from a substance using an external work input. Vapour compression refrigeration uses a refrigerant in a closed loop system consisting of an evaporator, compressor, condenser and expansion valve. The refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator and rejects heat in the condenser, with the compressor raising the refrigerant's pressure and temperature between these components. This creates a temperature difference that drives heat transfer from the evaporator to the condenser. The document outlines the refrigeration cycle and components in more detail. It also discusses coefficient of performance, units of refrigeration, advantages and disadvantages of vapour compression systems.
Applications of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning & Refrigerants
This document discusses refrigeration and air conditioning. It describes how refrigeration cools products or spaces below the surrounding temperature, while air conditioning controls temperature, moisture, cleanliness, odor, and air circulation for occupants or processes. Common applications are listed such as room air conditioners, refrigerators, evaporative coolers, and commercial refrigeration/air conditioning. The document then focuses on evaporative cooling systems, automotive air conditioners, refrigerants used, and criteria for selecting refrigerants including thermodynamic properties, environmental impact, and safety.
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Refrigerators and heat pumps transfer heat from a low-temperature medium to a high-temperature medium. They differ only in their objectives - refrigerators remove heat (cooling), while heat pumps supply heat.
The vapor-compression cycle is the most common refrigeration cycle. It involves four main components: evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. Heat is absorbed in the evaporator and rejected in the condenser. The compressor raises the refrigerant pressure and temperature between these components.
The performance of vapor-compression refrigeration systems depends on factors like evaporator/condenser temperatures and pressures. Actual cycles are less efficient than ideal cycles due to irreversibilities like heat transfer across a temperature
Refrigeration cycle
The document summarizes the refrigeration cycle. It describes the four basic processes: (1) isentropic compression in the compressor, (2) constant pressure heat rejection in the condenser, (3) isentropic expansion in the expansion valve/metering device, and (4) constant pressure heat addition in the evaporator. The refrigerant is compressed in the vapor phase, condensed, expanded, and evaporated alternately to provide cooling. Key components are the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The coefficient of performance (COP) measures efficiency as the cooling effect divided by the work input. Selecting the right refrigerant depends on the application and factors like cost, toxicity, and environmental impact
Aprds system
The document describes the auxiliary PRDS (pressure reducing and desuperheating) system used in thermal power plants. It has two identical systems - the turbine auxiliary steam system (TAS) and boiler auxiliary steam system (BAS). Low and high capacity auxiliary steam is derived from main steam and its pressure and temperature are reduced before supplying it to various locations in the plant for processes like deaeration, soot blowing, oil heating etc. The systems use control valves, isolating valves, desuperheaters and spray water to control pressure and temperature.
BASIC OF HVAC.pptx
The document provides an overview of basic HVAC systems. It defines HVAC as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It describes the major components of HVAC systems including compressors, condensers, expansion valves, and evaporators. It explains that HVAC systems work using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle consisting of these four components. The document also discusses different types of HVAC systems like split, central, and packaged AC systems. It provides diagrams of typical system designs and components.
Refrigeration cycle
The document summarizes the basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle. It consists of four main processes: (1) compression of refrigerant vapor in a compressor, (2) condensation of the high-pressure vapor into a liquid in a condenser, (3) expansion of the high-pressure liquid through a throttling valve or expansion device, and (4) evaporation of the low-pressure liquid in an evaporator. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the evaporator and releases heat in the condenser, allowing for transfer of heat from low to high temperature regions. The coefficient of performance (COP) measures the efficiency of the cycle. Proper selection of refrigerant depends on the application.
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Refrigeration
- 1. REFRIGERATION BY-ARSHAD HABIB KHAN
- 2. WHAT IS REFRIGERATION? High Temperature Body (SINK) Heat Rejected R Work Input Heat Extracted Low Temperature Body (SOURCE)
- 3. TYPES OF REFRIGERATION CYCLE • Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle(VCRS) • Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Cycle(VARS)
- 4. VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Circulate refrigerant Absorb the heat from space to be refrigerate Rejects that heat to the cooling medium Refrigerant used are: Ammonia, methyl chloride, air, CO2, SO2 Condenser Evaporator High Pressure Side Low Pressure Side Compressor Expansion Device 1 2 3 4
- 5. COMPONENT OF VCRS • Compressor • Condenser • Expansion Valve (throttle valve) • Evaporator
- 6. According to the location of the prime mover Hermetical Sealed Compressor Semi- Hermetical Sealed Compressor Hermetically Sealed Compressor
- 7. COMPONENT OF VCRS • Compressor • Condenser • Expansion Valve (throttle valve) • Evaporator
- 8. TYPES OF CONDENSERS Air cooled condensers Water cooled condensers Evaporative condensers
- 9. COMPONENT OF VCRS • Compressor • Condenser • Expansion Valve (throttle valve) • Evaporator
- 10. TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE • Capillary tube • Hand-operated • Constant pressure • Thermostatic • Low side float valve • High side float valve
- 11. COMPONENT OF VCRS • Compressor • Condenser • Expansion Valve (throttle valve) • Evaporator
- 12. TYPES OF EVAPORATOR • Bare tube coil evaporator • Finned tube evaporator • Plate type evaporator • Shell and tube evaporator • Shell and coil evaporator • Tube in tube evaporator
- 13. VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
- 15. APPLICATION OF VCRS • Domestic Refrigerator, • Water coolers, • Ice Plants, • Air Conditioner.