This document provides a summary of the key figures and events that shaped the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. It discusses influential reformers like Patrick Hamilton, George Wishart, and John Knox, and how they faced persecution but continued preaching. It also describes the challenges posed by political rulers like Mary of Guise and Cardinal Beaton who opposed the Reformation. Finally, it summarizes how John Knox helped establish a Presbyterian system of church governance in Scotland in the 1560s, though this faced future threats under kings who favored a more Episcopal church structure.
THE SWORD AND THE CROWN; The Heroes of the English ReformationPeter McIntyre
The document provides background on the Protestant identity and faith of Ulster Protestants. It discusses early English Christianity from the Roman period through 1000 AD. It then focuses on the corruption of the church that led to the English Reformation, covering figures like John Wycliffe, the "Morning Star of the Reformation" who first translated the Bible to English. It also discusses the roles of Henry VIII, Thomas Cranmer, and Thomas Bilney in the English Reformation from 1517-1558.
John Knox and the Reformation in ScotlandPeter Hammond
This document provides an overview of the life and work of John Knox, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation. It summarizes his early exposure to Protestant ideas as a student, his time as a prisoner in French galleys, his ministry work in Geneva and Scotland advocating for Protestantism, and his role in challenging the Catholic church and Queen Mary's rule in Scotland. The document traces Knox's journey from being influenced by early Reformers to becoming a bold preacher himself who argued Christians had an obligation to revolt against tyrannical rulers promoting idolatry.
ARCHBISHOP JAMES USSHER; Forging the Faith of the Ulster Plantation in the Fi...Peter McIntyre
This document discusses the identity and faith of Ulster Protestants. It covers the progression of Protestantism in Ireland through figures like Archbishop James Ussher and the Irish Articles of Religion. It also discusses the arrival of Ulster Scots settlers during the Plantation of Ulster in the 1600s and the early Presbyterian ministers who helped establish their faith. The document is intended to outline the key events and influences that shaped Ulster Protestant identity and theology.
400TH Anniversary Lecture
This talk introduces the first theological definition of the Reformed Church of Ireland. It's author, James Ussher, attempted to bring Presbyterians and Episcopalians into the one church fold and for 20 years his gracious experiment worked. These much forgotten Articles are worthy of our consideration today.
The Huguenots were French Protestants who traced their origins to the Waldensians, a 12th century Bible study movement. The Waldensians faced persecution from the Catholic Church but survived by fleeing to the Alps. When the Reformation spread to France, William Farel became a prominent leader and convinced John Calvin to help reform the city of Geneva. Calvin spent over 25 years disciplining and discipling Geneva, turning it into a model Christian community and intellectual hub that influenced the spread of Protestantism across Europe.
This document provides an overview of Christianity in Ireland from its earliest arrival up until the Protestant Reformation. It discusses how Christianity may have first come to Ireland in the early centuries AD through missionaries and traders. It then focuses on key figures like Patrick, who helped spread Christianity in Ireland in the 5th century, and Columba, who established the influential monastery at Iona in the 6th century. The document also describes how the Celtic church declined due to Viking invasions and its eventual submission to Roman authority in the 12th century. It concludes by noting the poor state of the church in Ireland prior to the Protestant Reformation.
Exploring Our Ancient Irish Christian Heritage, Saint Patrick's day 2016Peter McIntyre
This document provides an overview of the history of Christianity in Ireland from its earliest arrival in the 3rd century CE through the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. It discusses how Christianity was introduced through missionaries and Celtic peoples, the establishment of the Scoto-Irish Church prior to St. Patrick's mission in the 5th century, Patrick's evangelization of Ireland, and the spread of monasticism through figures like Columba and Columbanus. It also addresses Ireland's conversion to Roman Catholicism beginning in the 7th century and the decline of the Celtic Church due to Viking invasions and Norman conquest.
The Huguenots were French Protestants who fled religious persecution in France in the 16th-17th centuries, settling in places like South Africa. They left a legacy of faith and sacrifice. Many Huguenot names and surnames remain common in South Africa today due to their influence. The first Huguenot arrived at the Cape in 1652. They faced brutal persecution including the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre but remained steadfast in their faith. Their emigration contributed greatly to places they settled including South Africa.
THE SWORD AND THE CROWN; The Heroes of the English ReformationPeter McIntyre
The document provides background on the Protestant identity and faith of Ulster Protestants. It discusses early English Christianity from the Roman period through 1000 AD. It then focuses on the corruption of the church that led to the English Reformation, covering figures like John Wycliffe, the "Morning Star of the Reformation" who first translated the Bible to English. It also discusses the roles of Henry VIII, Thomas Cranmer, and Thomas Bilney in the English Reformation from 1517-1558.
John Knox and the Reformation in ScotlandPeter Hammond
This document provides an overview of the life and work of John Knox, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation. It summarizes his early exposure to Protestant ideas as a student, his time as a prisoner in French galleys, his ministry work in Geneva and Scotland advocating for Protestantism, and his role in challenging the Catholic church and Queen Mary's rule in Scotland. The document traces Knox's journey from being influenced by early Reformers to becoming a bold preacher himself who argued Christians had an obligation to revolt against tyrannical rulers promoting idolatry.
ARCHBISHOP JAMES USSHER; Forging the Faith of the Ulster Plantation in the Fi...Peter McIntyre
This document discusses the identity and faith of Ulster Protestants. It covers the progression of Protestantism in Ireland through figures like Archbishop James Ussher and the Irish Articles of Religion. It also discusses the arrival of Ulster Scots settlers during the Plantation of Ulster in the 1600s and the early Presbyterian ministers who helped establish their faith. The document is intended to outline the key events and influences that shaped Ulster Protestant identity and theology.
400TH Anniversary Lecture
This talk introduces the first theological definition of the Reformed Church of Ireland. It's author, James Ussher, attempted to bring Presbyterians and Episcopalians into the one church fold and for 20 years his gracious experiment worked. These much forgotten Articles are worthy of our consideration today.
The Huguenots were French Protestants who traced their origins to the Waldensians, a 12th century Bible study movement. The Waldensians faced persecution from the Catholic Church but survived by fleeing to the Alps. When the Reformation spread to France, William Farel became a prominent leader and convinced John Calvin to help reform the city of Geneva. Calvin spent over 25 years disciplining and discipling Geneva, turning it into a model Christian community and intellectual hub that influenced the spread of Protestantism across Europe.
This document provides an overview of Christianity in Ireland from its earliest arrival up until the Protestant Reformation. It discusses how Christianity may have first come to Ireland in the early centuries AD through missionaries and traders. It then focuses on key figures like Patrick, who helped spread Christianity in Ireland in the 5th century, and Columba, who established the influential monastery at Iona in the 6th century. The document also describes how the Celtic church declined due to Viking invasions and its eventual submission to Roman authority in the 12th century. It concludes by noting the poor state of the church in Ireland prior to the Protestant Reformation.
Exploring Our Ancient Irish Christian Heritage, Saint Patrick's day 2016Peter McIntyre
This document provides an overview of the history of Christianity in Ireland from its earliest arrival in the 3rd century CE through the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. It discusses how Christianity was introduced through missionaries and Celtic peoples, the establishment of the Scoto-Irish Church prior to St. Patrick's mission in the 5th century, Patrick's evangelization of Ireland, and the spread of monasticism through figures like Columba and Columbanus. It also addresses Ireland's conversion to Roman Catholicism beginning in the 7th century and the decline of the Celtic Church due to Viking invasions and Norman conquest.
The Huguenots were French Protestants who fled religious persecution in France in the 16th-17th centuries, settling in places like South Africa. They left a legacy of faith and sacrifice. Many Huguenot names and surnames remain common in South Africa today due to their influence. The first Huguenot arrived at the Cape in 1652. They faced brutal persecution including the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre but remained steadfast in their faith. Their emigration contributed greatly to places they settled including South Africa.
Martin Luther, a former Catholic priest, sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517 when he posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt Catholic practices like indulgences. When his views were deemed heretical, he was excommunicated by the Pope but gained support of German princes. Ulrich Zwingli also preached reform in Switzerland, arguing for a break from Catholicism. John Calvin further developed Protestant theology, believing in predestination. Meanwhile, King Henry VIII separated England from Rome when the Pope refused to annul his marriage, establishing the Church of England with himself as its head and executing those who remained Catholic. The Reformation challenged Catholic unity but also sparked reforms through the Counter-Reformation and Vatican II
The document summarizes the major events and figures of the Protestant Reformation. It describes how Martin Luther protested abuses within the Catholic Church and sparked the growth of Protestantism. Over time, various Protestant denominations emerged like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism under leaders such as Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII respectively. The Reformation destroyed unity within Christianity and led to religious conflicts across Europe for over a century.
Christianity began about 2000 years ago in Galilee, Israel. The Romans brought Christian ideas to Britain and introduced them to the Celts and Saxons. The Anglican Church grew out of the Church of England after King Henry VIII broke away from the Pope's authority in the 16th century to divorce his first wife. Queen Elizabeth I later ensured that the Church of England became the established national faith and it remains supported by the British government today. The Archbishop of Canterbury leads the worldwide Anglican Church.
This document profiles 10 reformers who changed the world:
1) King Alfred the Great of Wessex defended England from Viking invaders and established a stable legal system based on biblical principles.
2) John Wycliffe translated the Bible to English and inspired reformers like Jan Hus.
3) Jan Hus was a professor who confronted corruption in the Catholic Church and was burned at the stake for his beliefs.
4) Martin Luther's 95 Theses launched the Protestant Reformation and he courageously defended his beliefs at the Diet of Worms.
5) Ulrich Zwingli reformed Zurich and Switzerland through biblical preaching.
Anne Askew - A Daughter of the ReformationPeter Hammond
Anne Askew was born in 1520 during the reign of King Henry VIII. She was well educated and embraced the Protestant faith despite being married to Thomas Kyme, who threw her out of their home for her beliefs. Anne was subsequently examined and imprisoned for her Protestant views. She endured torture on the rack but refused to renounce her faith. On June 28, 1546, Anne was condemned to death for heresy and burned at the stake, displaying great courage and inspiring many as she willingly gave her life for her Christian faith.
Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing his 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg, criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This launched decades of religious conflict across Europe as Protestantism spread. John Calvin furthered the Reformation by establishing a theocracy in Geneva with beliefs like predestination and rejection of transubstantiation. In England, King Henry VIII broke with Rome in 1534 to annul his marriage and established the Church of England with himself as its head, though doctrine remained Catholic. During Edward VI's reign, Protestant reforms through the Book of Common Prayer moved England closer to Calvinism. Mary I returned England to Catholicism and persecuted Protestants, earning
This is an extensive series of slides on Christian missions, beginning in the Bible and going to modern times. This section covers the later middle ages
Exploring the arrival of Christianity in Ireland and understanding why the land of saints and scholars degenerated into the ignorance of the Dark Ages.
This document provides an overview of the history of Christian missions from the time of Constantine to the Middle Ages. It discusses several key missionaries who helped spread Christianity in Europe, including Augustine of Canterbury's mission to England in the 6th century which led to the conversion of King Ethelbert and many others. It also covers the work of missionaries like Columban in France, Willibrord in the Netherlands, and Boniface in Germany during the time of Charlemagne's empire. The document then discusses the spread of Christianity to Scandinavian countries through the efforts of missionaries like Anskar to Denmark and Sweden. By 1000 AD, Christianity had become the dominant religion in most of Europe.
The document provides an overview of Anglicanism, defining it as the system of doctrine and practice upheld by Christians in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. It traces the roots of Anglicanism from the earliest arrival of Christianity in Britain to the present-day worldwide Anglican Communion. Key aspects highlighted include Anglicanism being both Catholic and Protestant, guided by scripture, tradition, and reason, as well as being defined over time by great thinkers and the Book of Common Prayer.
Samuel Ajayi Crowther was born in Yorubaland in 1807 and was captured by slavers at age 13. He was rescued in 1822 by the British navy and settled in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, he converted to Christianity and received an education. In 1843, he was ordained as a Church of England minister. He led successful missionary efforts back to Yorubaland where Christianity grew. In 1864, he became the first African bishop of the Church of England. Crowther worked to end slavery, spread the gospel in Nigeria, and indigenize Anglicanism in Africa.
The document discusses the 400th anniversary of the King James Version of the Bible. It summarizes the key events leading up to the creation of the KJV, including previous English translations by Tyndale, Coverdale, and the Geneva Bible. It then discusses celebrations taking place across Britain to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the KJV, including events, commemorative coins and stamps, and documentaries. The KJV is described as the most influential, bestselling, and beloved Bible translation of all time.
Detailed summary for the 1st 20 centuries in the History of Christianity.
Starting with the Apostles and how the christian faith spread throughout the world
Andrew Murray was a pastor in South Africa in the 1860s. He helped spark a major spiritual revival across the Cape Colony. The revival began at a church conference in Worcester that Andrew Murray spoke at, where people came under deep conviction of their sin. The revival then spread from Worcester to other towns, with intense prayer meetings and many cases of conversion reported daily. Eyewitnesses described an outpouring of the Holy Spirit and a spiritual awakening that transformed the region.
United Kingdom Personal Calendar Of Saints Summer 2008edwardogs
This document provides biographical information on three notable figures:
1) William Laud, the 17th century Archbishop of Canterbury, who advocated for greater ritualism in the Church of England and faced opposition from Puritans, ultimately being executed for treason in 1645.
2) George Herbert, a 17th century priest and poet who was elected to Parliament but later felt called to ministry, becoming a revered parish priest and writing the collection of poems "The Temple".
3) Charles Gore, a 19th/20th century theologian who helped make Anglo-Catholicism more mainstream and founded the religious community The Society of the Resurrection.
Anglicanism and the Western Christian Tradition (c) Anglican Centre in Rome 0...Daysbrook
First Part of the Presentation based on Displays at the 2002 Exhibition at the Vatican Museum and Norwich Cathedral, charting the communion of origins and shared history of the Church of England and the Latin Catholic Church, their life together in contemporary Britain and their hopes for full communion.
U3A Comparative religion: Anglicanism and Anglo-Catholicismsimonrundell
Presentation to the U3A Comparative Religion Group in Gosport on the history of Anglicanism and its manifestation as Anglio-Catholicism.
These are all personal opinions and are not the views of the Church of England or the Diocese of Portsmouth
Christianity first came to Europe through the efforts of Paul and Peter in Rome in the 1st century AD. Early Christians faced periods of persecution from Roman authorities for refusing to worship the emperor. By the 300s, Constantine legalized Christianity and it grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire. Christianity then spread from Rome to other parts of Europe, being introduced to France in the 200s but facing early persecution. In the late 400s, the Frankish king Clovis converted to Christianity, helping establish it as the dominant religion in his kingdom. Christianity also spread to Poland in the 10th century through the baptism of King Mieszko I, and to Norway in the early 1000s through the efforts of King Olaf Har
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
John Knox and the Reformation of ScotlandPeter Hammond
This document provides an overview of the life and work of John Knox, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation. It summarizes his early conversion to Protestantism, his time as a galley slave after being captured for his beliefs, and his eventual release. It describes Knox's preaching against Catholicism in Scotland and Switzerland, and his view that Christians had an obligation to revolt against tyrannical rulers promoting idolatry. The document outlines Knox's call for resistance against Queen Mary I of England and his belief that no woman could legitimately rule as queen.
The authority of the Catholic Church grew during this period as popes sought to prevent secular rulers from interfering in church affairs and ensure Christians followed church teachings. Monastic orders like the Benedictines and Cluniacs demanded higher moral standards from clergy and more independence from secular control. Meanwhile, the Investiture Controversy saw Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV clash over who had authority to appoint bishops, demonstrating the increasing political power and influence of the papacy. This period also saw the establishment of the College of Cardinals, religious reforms, and calls for the church to combat heresy through the Inquisition.
Martin Luther, a former Catholic priest, sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517 when he posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt Catholic practices like indulgences. When his views were deemed heretical, he was excommunicated by the Pope but gained support of German princes. Ulrich Zwingli also preached reform in Switzerland, arguing for a break from Catholicism. John Calvin further developed Protestant theology, believing in predestination. Meanwhile, King Henry VIII separated England from Rome when the Pope refused to annul his marriage, establishing the Church of England with himself as its head and executing those who remained Catholic. The Reformation challenged Catholic unity but also sparked reforms through the Counter-Reformation and Vatican II
The document summarizes the major events and figures of the Protestant Reformation. It describes how Martin Luther protested abuses within the Catholic Church and sparked the growth of Protestantism. Over time, various Protestant denominations emerged like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism under leaders such as Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII respectively. The Reformation destroyed unity within Christianity and led to religious conflicts across Europe for over a century.
Christianity began about 2000 years ago in Galilee, Israel. The Romans brought Christian ideas to Britain and introduced them to the Celts and Saxons. The Anglican Church grew out of the Church of England after King Henry VIII broke away from the Pope's authority in the 16th century to divorce his first wife. Queen Elizabeth I later ensured that the Church of England became the established national faith and it remains supported by the British government today. The Archbishop of Canterbury leads the worldwide Anglican Church.
This document profiles 10 reformers who changed the world:
1) King Alfred the Great of Wessex defended England from Viking invaders and established a stable legal system based on biblical principles.
2) John Wycliffe translated the Bible to English and inspired reformers like Jan Hus.
3) Jan Hus was a professor who confronted corruption in the Catholic Church and was burned at the stake for his beliefs.
4) Martin Luther's 95 Theses launched the Protestant Reformation and he courageously defended his beliefs at the Diet of Worms.
5) Ulrich Zwingli reformed Zurich and Switzerland through biblical preaching.
Anne Askew - A Daughter of the ReformationPeter Hammond
Anne Askew was born in 1520 during the reign of King Henry VIII. She was well educated and embraced the Protestant faith despite being married to Thomas Kyme, who threw her out of their home for her beliefs. Anne was subsequently examined and imprisoned for her Protestant views. She endured torture on the rack but refused to renounce her faith. On June 28, 1546, Anne was condemned to death for heresy and burned at the stake, displaying great courage and inspiring many as she willingly gave her life for her Christian faith.
Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing his 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg, criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This launched decades of religious conflict across Europe as Protestantism spread. John Calvin furthered the Reformation by establishing a theocracy in Geneva with beliefs like predestination and rejection of transubstantiation. In England, King Henry VIII broke with Rome in 1534 to annul his marriage and established the Church of England with himself as its head, though doctrine remained Catholic. During Edward VI's reign, Protestant reforms through the Book of Common Prayer moved England closer to Calvinism. Mary I returned England to Catholicism and persecuted Protestants, earning
This is an extensive series of slides on Christian missions, beginning in the Bible and going to modern times. This section covers the later middle ages
Exploring the arrival of Christianity in Ireland and understanding why the land of saints and scholars degenerated into the ignorance of the Dark Ages.
This document provides an overview of the history of Christian missions from the time of Constantine to the Middle Ages. It discusses several key missionaries who helped spread Christianity in Europe, including Augustine of Canterbury's mission to England in the 6th century which led to the conversion of King Ethelbert and many others. It also covers the work of missionaries like Columban in France, Willibrord in the Netherlands, and Boniface in Germany during the time of Charlemagne's empire. The document then discusses the spread of Christianity to Scandinavian countries through the efforts of missionaries like Anskar to Denmark and Sweden. By 1000 AD, Christianity had become the dominant religion in most of Europe.
The document provides an overview of Anglicanism, defining it as the system of doctrine and practice upheld by Christians in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. It traces the roots of Anglicanism from the earliest arrival of Christianity in Britain to the present-day worldwide Anglican Communion. Key aspects highlighted include Anglicanism being both Catholic and Protestant, guided by scripture, tradition, and reason, as well as being defined over time by great thinkers and the Book of Common Prayer.
Samuel Ajayi Crowther was born in Yorubaland in 1807 and was captured by slavers at age 13. He was rescued in 1822 by the British navy and settled in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, he converted to Christianity and received an education. In 1843, he was ordained as a Church of England minister. He led successful missionary efforts back to Yorubaland where Christianity grew. In 1864, he became the first African bishop of the Church of England. Crowther worked to end slavery, spread the gospel in Nigeria, and indigenize Anglicanism in Africa.
The document discusses the 400th anniversary of the King James Version of the Bible. It summarizes the key events leading up to the creation of the KJV, including previous English translations by Tyndale, Coverdale, and the Geneva Bible. It then discusses celebrations taking place across Britain to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the KJV, including events, commemorative coins and stamps, and documentaries. The KJV is described as the most influential, bestselling, and beloved Bible translation of all time.
Detailed summary for the 1st 20 centuries in the History of Christianity.
Starting with the Apostles and how the christian faith spread throughout the world
Andrew Murray was a pastor in South Africa in the 1860s. He helped spark a major spiritual revival across the Cape Colony. The revival began at a church conference in Worcester that Andrew Murray spoke at, where people came under deep conviction of their sin. The revival then spread from Worcester to other towns, with intense prayer meetings and many cases of conversion reported daily. Eyewitnesses described an outpouring of the Holy Spirit and a spiritual awakening that transformed the region.
United Kingdom Personal Calendar Of Saints Summer 2008edwardogs
This document provides biographical information on three notable figures:
1) William Laud, the 17th century Archbishop of Canterbury, who advocated for greater ritualism in the Church of England and faced opposition from Puritans, ultimately being executed for treason in 1645.
2) George Herbert, a 17th century priest and poet who was elected to Parliament but later felt called to ministry, becoming a revered parish priest and writing the collection of poems "The Temple".
3) Charles Gore, a 19th/20th century theologian who helped make Anglo-Catholicism more mainstream and founded the religious community The Society of the Resurrection.
Anglicanism and the Western Christian Tradition (c) Anglican Centre in Rome 0...Daysbrook
First Part of the Presentation based on Displays at the 2002 Exhibition at the Vatican Museum and Norwich Cathedral, charting the communion of origins and shared history of the Church of England and the Latin Catholic Church, their life together in contemporary Britain and their hopes for full communion.
U3A Comparative religion: Anglicanism and Anglo-Catholicismsimonrundell
Presentation to the U3A Comparative Religion Group in Gosport on the history of Anglicanism and its manifestation as Anglio-Catholicism.
These are all personal opinions and are not the views of the Church of England or the Diocese of Portsmouth
Christianity first came to Europe through the efforts of Paul and Peter in Rome in the 1st century AD. Early Christians faced periods of persecution from Roman authorities for refusing to worship the emperor. By the 300s, Constantine legalized Christianity and it grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire. Christianity then spread from Rome to other parts of Europe, being introduced to France in the 200s but facing early persecution. In the late 400s, the Frankish king Clovis converted to Christianity, helping establish it as the dominant religion in his kingdom. Christianity also spread to Poland in the 10th century through the baptism of King Mieszko I, and to Norway in the early 1000s through the efforts of King Olaf Har
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
John Knox and the Reformation of ScotlandPeter Hammond
This document provides an overview of the life and work of John Knox, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation. It summarizes his early conversion to Protestantism, his time as a galley slave after being captured for his beliefs, and his eventual release. It describes Knox's preaching against Catholicism in Scotland and Switzerland, and his view that Christians had an obligation to revolt against tyrannical rulers promoting idolatry. The document outlines Knox's call for resistance against Queen Mary I of England and his belief that no woman could legitimately rule as queen.
The authority of the Catholic Church grew during this period as popes sought to prevent secular rulers from interfering in church affairs and ensure Christians followed church teachings. Monastic orders like the Benedictines and Cluniacs demanded higher moral standards from clergy and more independence from secular control. Meanwhile, the Investiture Controversy saw Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV clash over who had authority to appoint bishops, demonstrating the increasing political power and influence of the papacy. This period also saw the establishment of the College of Cardinals, religious reforms, and calls for the church to combat heresy through the Inquisition.
The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Council of Trent in the 16th century. It describes how the Apostles' faith was renewed after Christ's resurrection, allowing them to spread the Gospel to all ends of the earth. It discusses the early persecutions faced by Christians in the Roman Empire, ending with the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which legalized Christianity. It then covers the rise of monasticism, the Great Schism between the Western and Eastern churches, the Protestant Reformation, and the Council of Trent which responded to Protestant reforms.
MARTIN LUTHER; The Catholic Priest who became the First Protestant PreacherPeter McIntyre
This document provides biographical details about Martin Luther's life and the events leading up to the Protestant Reformation. It describes Luther's childhood and education, his time as a monk where he felt depressed and terrified by the Catholic Church, his discoveries about faith through studying the Bible, and his nailing of the 95 Theses to the church door in 1517 challenging indulgences. It then discusses the Catholic Church's response through excommunications and debates, and Luther's growing belief that the Pope was the Antichrist. Frederick of Saxony provided Luther protection from the state throughout these events.
William Tyndale & The Battle for The BiblePeter Hammond
1) William Tyndale was burned at the stake in 1536 for translating the Bible into English from the original Greek and Hebrew.
2) Two other Protestant bishops, Hugh Latimer and Nicolas Ridley, were burned at the stake in 1555 at Balliol College, Oxford for their Protestant faith, along with Archbishop Thomas Cranmer four months later.
3) Their martyrdom served to inspire further calls for Bible translation into English and the Protestant Reformation in England, though over 450 years later their sacrifices are often forgotten.
The English Reformation started when Henry VIII decided to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon after she failed to produce a male heir. However, divorce was not allowed by the Roman Catholic Church, so Henry broke ties with Rome and declared himself head of the Church of England. This led him to dissolve the monasteries and confiscate church lands and wealth, which increased his power but angered Roman Catholic leaders. The Reformation transformed the English church from answering to the Pope to being governed by the monarch.
The Puritans originated in England as a radical offshoot of Protestants who believed the Church of England retained too much Catholic influence. They emphasized conversion, introspection, and sharing one's experience. Puritans emigrated to Massachusetts to separate from the corrupt Church of England and establish pure religious communities. The first were Pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower in 1620 and founded Plymouth Colony. Their hard work and cooperation helped them survive the difficult first winter. Later Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony with the goal of creating a religious theocracy free from ties to Britain. Puritan values like hard work, frugality and self-reliance had a lasting impact and are still considered basic American virtues today
The document provides background on the Puritan vision and struggle in New England, covering their theological roots in Calvinism, the political conditions they faced in England under kings like James I and Charles I, and key figures like Jean Calvin and Oliver Cromwell. It discusses how Puritans sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic influences and establish a godly commonwealth in the New World, fleeing persecution and forming settlements like the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies in the early 1600s.
The document discusses the historical Inquisition and argues that it was not truly a Christian institution but rather an anti-Christian persecution of Protestant believers. It provides numerous examples of Protestants who were tortured and killed by the Inquisition for beliefs like translating the Bible or teaching Scripture in English. Figures like William Tyndale, John Hus, and Anne Askew were burned at the stake for their faith. The Inquisition occurred during a time of corruption in the medieval Roman Catholic church and targeted early Protestants, not true witches or heretics.
A People’s History of Christianity May 24, 2015typeknerd
The document discusses the history of the Protestant Reformation in Europe beginning in the 15th century. It covers key figures like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Martin Luther, and others who challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and helped establish new Christian denominations. The text also summarizes the creation of the Church of England under King Henry VIII and the religious settlements put in place by later monarchs like Elizabeth I to balance Protestant and Catholic interests in England.
The document summarizes the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It discusses the more radical Anabaptist sect that rejected infant baptism and private property. It then covers the English Reformation under King Henry VIII who broke with the Catholic Church to create the Church of England and had those who refused executed, including Sir Thomas More. Upon Henry's death, his son Edward VI further Protestantized England while his daughter Mary I tried to restore Catholicism and burned hundreds of Protestants. Elizabeth I's settlement compromised between the two faiths.
The document outlines the history of the early Christian church from the resurrection of Christ to the legalization of Christianity under Emperor Constantine. It discusses key events like Pentecost, the persecutions under Roman emperors, the spread of monasticism, and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD which ended persecutions. It also briefly mentions the Protestant Reformation and key Catholic reforms like the Council of Trent and the Second Vatican Council.
Religion and politics were closely intertwined in Europe between 1500-1660. This period saw major religious conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War between Protestants and Catholics. Religious toleration gradually increased over the 17th century, mainly for political reasons to reduce conflict. The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment challenged religious authority and led some to abandon Christianity, seeing the Church as an enemy of progress. However, traditional religion remained vital for many people.
1) The document discusses the history of early medieval Europe from the 5th century to the 15th century, focusing on the rise of the Franks and the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne.
2) It describes how the Franks, led by Clovis and Pepin, came to power and Pepin donated land to the Pope, establishing the Papal States. Charlemagne further expanded the empire through conquest.
3) The Vikings are discussed as invaders who raided across Europe between the 8th-10th centuries, while the Catholic Church established a strict hierarchy with the Pope at its head and monasticism spread through orders like the Benedictines.
Raise of the beast - Following History & Its Patterns Prepare Your Ways
This document discusses the rise of religious systems described in the Bible as the beasts. It outlines the origins and histories of the Roman Catholic Church and the Roman Empire, highlighting periods of corruption, immorality among popes, the Inquisition, persecution of dissenters, and the Church's embrace of pagan traditions and symbols. It suggests the Roman Catholic Church fulfills the biblical description of the false prophet and continues to influence politics and push for a one world religion in opposition to biblical Christianity.
The Eschatology of Victory in the Greatest Century of MissionsPeter Hammond
This document discusses the Protestant missionary movement of the 19th century. It describes how Protestant Christianity expanded from being concentrated in Europe and North America to becoming a worldwide religion by the end of the 1800s. The missionary movement was unprecedented in scale, reducing languages to writing, pioneering schools, introducing modern medicine, and ending many social evils. This expansion was driven by an eschatological belief in the coming universal reign of Christ over all nations, inspired by figures like John Calvin and William Carey who helped launch the modern missionary movement through voluntary societies that mobilized resources on a massive scale.
Panado,Hazel Joy BSED-SS 2-E-HISTORY.pptxHazelPanado
Christianity spread throughout Europe over many centuries, beginning in the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD. It was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in 380 AD. Missionaries and monks helped spread Christianity to areas outside the empire, converting nobles and royalty who then helped spread it to the general population. By the 15th century, most of Europe had been Christianized. Major figures like Augustine of Canterbury and Saint Boniface played important roles in establishing and spreading the religion.
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of Geography and History at a bilingual section in Madrid.
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
Similar to JOHN KNOX; Converting our Scottish Ancestors from Catholicism to Protestantism (20)
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an English evangelist who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and America. He had a conversion experience where he realized one must be "born again" to be Christian. He was ordained and began preaching, attracting thousands to his revivals in England, America, and Scotland. His preaching brought many people to faith in Christ. At his funeral, John Wesley praised Whitefield for spreading the gospel more widely than any person since the apostles and bringing many sinners to faith in God.
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The Glorious Revolution; England's Bloodless Coup Peter McIntyre
The document discusses the events surrounding the Glorious Revolution in 1688, when William of Orange overthrew King James II of England. It summarizes that James II faced opposition from Protestants due to his Catholic leanings and attempts to establish Catholicism in England. When James had his son with his Catholic wife and it appeared there would be a Catholic dynasty, William of Orange was called to intervene by English Protestants and nobles. William landed in England and James fled. William and Mary were then crowned as joint monarchs, and a new English Bill of Rights was drafted that established limits on royal power and enshrined rights for Protestants.
Christ's Crown and Covenant; The Heroism of the Scottish CovenantersPeter McIntyre
The document discusses the history of Scottish Covenanters between 1661-1688 who fought to preserve Protestant liberties against the restoration of the monarchy and re-establishment of the episcopal church. It describes key events like the signing of the National Covenant in 1638, the coronation of Charles II in 1651, the ejection of ministers in 1662, battles at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge, and the leadership and martyrdom of figures like Richard Cameron. The document is organized with headings describing the people and events of this period in Scottish religious history.
The British Republicans; Oliver Cromwell and the Civil WarPeter McIntyre
This document provides an overview of Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War between King Charles I and Parliament from 1640-1648. It describes the religious and political tensions that led to war, including King Charles I's authoritarian rule and attempts to impose Anglicanism on Scotland and Puritans in England. It outlines key events of the war such as the Solemn League and Covenant between England and Scotland, Cromwell's rise as a military leader, and the New Model Army's defeats of Royalist forces. It also discusses negotiations with the King, disagreements between Presbyterians and Independents, and eventual calls for King Charles to be tried for tyranny, showing the complex religious and political forces at play
Popish Tricks; The Spanish Armada and The Gunpowder PlotPeter McIntyre
This document discusses events from1558-1690 that threatened England's Protestant liberties and established the Church of England, including:
1) Queen Elizabeth I faced challenges from Catholic Spain and the Pope but established the Church of England. The Spanish Armada invasion in 1588 was defeated.
2) Under King James I, the Gunpowder Plot was uncovered in 1605, a Catholic plan to blow up Parliament.
3) Protestant liberties continued to face threats, addressed through historical events discussed in the remainder of the document.
The Sash My Father Wore; Ireland's Williamite WarsPeter McIntyre
This document contains several poems, passages of scripture, and summaries related to Protestant history and the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. It discusses how Protestants in Derry and Enniskillen resisted Catholic forces loyal to King James II in the late 1600s. It outlines key events like the siege of Derry from 1688-1689 when Protestants held the city against King James' forces. It also describes battles like the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 when King William III defeated King James' army, securing Protestant rule in Ireland. The document emphasizes how Protestant forces, through struggles like the siege of Derry, preserved their religious freedoms and laid the foundation for future British and Irish history.
A presentation delivered to South East Fermanagh Foundation (support group for victims of Northern Ireland's Troubles) in January 2018. For accompanying audio click on https://audioboom.com/posts/6592163-justice-forgiveness-and-reconciliation-talk-presented-by-rev-peter-mcintyre-to-seff-on-10th-january-2018
Reformation 500 Part 5 - The Protestant PreachingPeter McIntyre
The document discusses the Protestant doctrine of justification by faith alone. It begins by defining justification as God pardoning all sins and accepting people as righteous based solely on the righteousness of Christ imputed to us through faith. It then presents justification in 4 parts: 1) All people are guilty before God, 2) God pardons through faith in Christ's work, 3) Christ's righteousness is prepared, imputed, and illustrated for us, and 4) Justification is received through faith alone, not works. The document emphasizes that justification comes through grace by faith, not by pride or works.
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Reformation 500 Part 1 - The Protestant PioneerPeter McIntyre
The document provides an overview of the Protestant Reformation and Martin Luther's role in sparking it. It discusses how Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517 to protest the selling of indulgences. This sparked debates and saw Luther break from the Catholic Church over issues like the authority of the Pope and justification by faith alone. The document examines Luther and key figures from different perspectives and includes the hymn "A Mighty Fortress is Our God" as an inspiration of the Reformation.
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This document outlines the pattern for prayer based on Jesus' teachings. It begins by noting Jesus instructed people to pray privately. It then references his promise that God will reward those who pray secretly. The main body explains the Lord's Prayer as the praying pattern, including elements of submission, requests for daily needs and forgiveness, and confession of faults while avoiding temptation. It concludes by recognizing God's eternal kingdom, power, and glory.
The document provides guidance for growing through reading and studying the Word of God. It recommends having a systematic personal Bible reading plan using study helps like cross-references. It also suggests taking notes on promises and personal guidance, praying for God to speak, and being open to change. Public ministry involves being prepared with notes to discuss afterwards and praying for God to bless His Word through preaching. The overall message is on cultivating a submissive spirit through regularly reading the Bible for nourishment and guidance.
This document references several Bible verses about God and his word being true, the beginning of creation, Jesus making peace through his death on the cross, and the eternal consequences of believing or not believing in God and his son Jesus Christ. It highlights the reliability of God in contrast to humanity and emphasizes important Christian concepts around salvation and the afterlife.
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David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary and explorer in Africa in the 19th century. He was born in 1813 and raised in a religious home. As a young man he felt called to missionary work and studied medicine to prepare. He went to Africa in 1841 and established mission stations while also exploring the interior, becoming the first European to see the Victoria Falls. He dedicated his life to ending slavery and bringing Christianity to Africa. After returning to Britain briefly in the 1850s and 1860s to raise awareness, he returned and disappeared for several years before being famously found by Henry Stanley in 1871. Livingstone died in 1873 while still exploring Africa's interior.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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JOHN KNOX; Converting our Scottish Ancestors from Catholicism to Protestantism
1. Searching for the
Identity and Faith of
the Ulster Protestant
Standing in the Shadow of Three
Historic Leaders
Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant 1
2. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
John Knox
Converting our
Scottish
Ancestors from
Catholicism to
Protestantism
2
4. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Reformation In Scotland
“England, in reforming itself, worked mainly from the political
centre. Scotland worked mainly from the religious one. The
ruling idea in the former country was the emancipation of the
throne from the supremacy of the Pope; the ruling idea in
the latter was the emancipation of the conscience from the
Popish faith. The more prominent outcome of the
Reformation in England was a free State; the more
immediate product of the Reformation in Scotland was a free
Church.”
J.A. Wylie, The History of Protestantism
4
5. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Early Witnesses
1407; James Resby
1431; Paul Crawer
1494;
30 Gentlemen
charged with heresy
5
6. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Three Men who Changed
Scotland
Patrick Hamilton; 1504
John Knox; 1505
George Wishart; 1512
6
7. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Beaton Dictat
David Beaton was the
virtual ruler who
dominated the 16 year old
James 5th.
His nephew, Cardinal
James Beaton had similar
power.
These two men would see
Protestantism as a threat to
their power.
7
8. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
A Changing Spiritual Climate
By 1525 Tyndale’s translation of the
scriptures had found their way to Scotland.
The work of reformation had commenced
in the hearts of the people.
There was a need for a preacher to
expound these truths on a national scale.
8
9. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Patrick Hamilton
1504 -1528
A member of the Stewart dynasty.
Great grandson of James 2nd.
1517 – appointed Titular Abbot of Ross-shire.
1518 – Paris, studied and Marburg.
Lambert was an ex Franciscan who held the same
views as Luther.
Convicted about reaching his own people
Hamilton returned to Scotland, 1527.
9
10. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Patrick Hamilton
Ministry and Death
His Father’s home.
Throughout Scotland.
St Andrews.
Alexander Campbell.
For six hours he burnt,
28th February 1528.
The flames of the
Reformation had been
kindled. “his reek infected all it
blew on”
10
11. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
George Wishart
1512-1546
The son of Sir James.
Cambridge educated.
A classical Greek
scholar.
Converted.
11
12. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Tough Days for a New Convert
After Hamilton’s death the Reformed Faith progressed.
The persecution intensified.
1532 – Henry Forrest burnt on high ground overlooking St
Andrews.
1532 – Norman Gourley and and David Straiton burnt on a
hill between Edinburgh and Leith.
12
13. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
His Flight from Scotland
1538 – Five Protestants burnt, Castle Hill.
1539 – David Beaton died to be replaced by Cardinal
James Beaton.
1542 – James 5th died.
His wife, Mary of Guise, a French Romanist became
Regent, their daughter Mary sent to France.
Godly ministers fled Scotland.
During these turbulent years he fled Scotland.
13
14. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Failure and Redemption
Burnt his Faggot in Bristol.
Travelled to Switzerland.
Restored to faith through the ministry
of Henry Bullinger.
14
15. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
His Ministry
1543 – Returned to Scotland.
Preaching in Montrose, Dundee, Ayr, Kyle and
Edinburgh the people flocked.
His preaching was expository, majored on Romans.
Arrested; 16th January 1546 and taken to St Andrews.
15
16. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
His Martyrdom and Legacy
Burned at Saint Andrews 28th February 1546.
“The grim fire I fear not. I know surely that my
soul shall sup with my Saviour this night.”
Speaking of Cardinal Beaton he declared that he
would die very soon.
A young onlooker was both impressed and inspired
by Wishart.
JOHN KNOX.
16
17. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
John Knox
1505 - 1572
Educated at Haddington and Glasgow University.
1530 - Ordained as a Priest.
1535 – Convinced that Rome was false through reading the
Scriptures.
Became a private tutor.
1544 – declared himself a Protestant through Wishart’s
ministry.
17
18. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
John Knox
1505 - 1572
May 1546, Norman Leslie
seized St Andrews Castle.
Easter 1547, John Knox
became their Pastor.
His preaching condemned
the Papacy as Anti Christ.
Laing – “He strikes at the
root to destroy the whole.”
18
19. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Papacy as the Anti-Christ
2nd Thessalonians 2:3-4
“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not
come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of
sin be revealed, that son of perdition.; who opposeth and
exalteth himself above all that is called God, or is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, showing
himself that he is God”
19
20. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Papacy as the Anti-Christ
2nd Thessalonians 2:3-4, 7
ANTI = INSTEAD OF
“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not
come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of
sin be revealed, that son of perdition.; who opposeth and
exalteth himself above all that is called God, or is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, showing
himself that he is God…for the mystery of iniquity doth
already work: only he now hinders will hinder until he be
taken out of the way”
20
21. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
From The Ministry To The Galley
Rome remained in the
ascendancy throughout
Scotland.
June 1547; Castle fell to
French and Scots.
Knox was captured and
spent 19 months as a
slave on a French
warship.
21
22. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Serving The English King
After his release he laboured in England
because under Edward 6th things were more
favourable than in Scotland.
He became one of the King’s chaplains and
was even offered a Bishopric which he
refused.
When Mary ascended the throne he made
good his escape to the continent.
22
23. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
In Calvin’s Geneva
4 happy and blessed years:
“…the most perfect school of
Christ that ever was in the
earth since the days of the
apostles. In other places I
confess Christ to be truly
preached, but manners and
religion to be so truly
reformed, I have not yet seen
in any other place”.
John Knox
23
24. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Visiting Home
He longed for Scotland; “bound in the chains of
Rome, riveted by French steel.” (Wylie)
Some noble families espoused the reformation.
1555 he briefly visited Scotland.
He advised these noble families to refuse Mass and
he dispensed the Lord’s Supper.
The Reformation had now become a congregation.
24
25. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Cause Advances
The Lords of the Congregation entered into
a Covenant in 1557.
Establish the Gospel, defend its Ministers
and build up its Congregation.
1558 – they introduced the English Book of
Common Prayer into their parishes.
25
26. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Last of the Reformation
Martyrs
Parish Priest Walter Millar had been faithful
since the days of Cardinal Beaton.
He had been sought for many years.
At 82 years of age he was arrested.
“I will not recant the truth, for I am corn
and not chaff.”
Burnt to death, St Andrews, 28th August
1558.
26
27. The Crisis of 1549
Cometh the Hour, Cometh the Man
Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant 27
28. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Demands to the Regent
Dispense sacraments and preach in the
native tongue.
Bishops should have the consent of the
barons and priests must have the consent of
the people.
Immoral and incapable men removed from
the pulpit.
28
29. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Moment of Crisis
Mary of Guise introduced a new law prohibiting
preaching which did not have the license of a
bishop.
Paul Methaven, John Cristison, William Harlow
and John Willock refused.
They were summoned to the Palace to meet the
Regent.
She planned their execution.
France and Spain were willing to help her crush
the Reformation.
29
30. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Cometh the Hour….
At this moment Knox arrived.
He promised to accompany the
preachers to their meeting.
The Regent cancelled the
meeting.
Knox declared a rebel and
outlaw.
The preachers declared to be
outlaws for refusing to meet her.
30
31. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Disturbances in Perth
Knox preached against idolatry.
A priest, a young boy and a stone.
Idols broken, monasteries ransacked.
Knox – “the best way to keep the rooks from
returning was to pull down their nests”
The Regent sent her army to Perth.
Crisis temporarily averted as she met a strong
Protestant Army.
31
32. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
St Andrews
Archbishop threatened assassination.
Against much advice Knox preached.
Edinburgh and Glasgow decided to support the
Reformation.
Scotland was now fully supportive of
Protestantism.
32
33. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
On The Brink of Civil War
The Regent was building a strong French Army.
Knox wrote to Queen Elizabeth 1st.
English reinforcements were sent to support the
Protestant forces.
The French returned home.
1560 – Mary of Guise died.
33
34. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
A New Scotland is Born
1560 – 1st Scots Confession.
Mass outlawed.
A Protestant Church
established by law.
Knox was installed as
Minister of St Giles
Cathedral.
34
35. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Presbyterianism Established
Offices Employed:
1: Ministers for preaching.
2: Doctors for teaching
students.
3: Elders to rule.
4: Deacons to manage the
finance.
5: Superintendents to inspect
ministers and plant churches.
35
36. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Presbyterianism Established
The Government:
1: Kirk Session for the local
church.
2: Presbytery for governing a
shire.
3: Synod for governing a
province.
4: General Assembly for
governing the national
church.
5: The clergy and the people
had equal powers.
36
37. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
His Principle
“Take from us the purity
of the Communion-table,
and You take from us the
Evangel.”
“Take from us the
freedom of Assemblies,
and you take from us the
Evangel.”
37
38. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Knox’s Emphasis on Education
A school in each Parish.
A college in each town.
A University in each of
the three cities.
The poor would be
educated free of charge.
38
39. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Mary Queen of Scots
Married to Francis 2nd
of France.
Widowed in 1560.
Returns in 1561 as
Queen of Scotland.
39
40. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Challenges the Reformed Faith
Celebrates Mass in
Holyrood Palace.
Knox persuaded
Protestants from
storming the palace.
He preached against
her Romanism.
40
41. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Famous Interviews
Queen – “Who are you in this Commonwealth?”
Knox – “A subject born within the same, and
although I am neither earl, Lord, or baron in it, yet
has God made me a profitable member within the
same, and both my vocation and conscience
require plainness of me”.
“I have learned plainly and boldly to call
wickedness by its own terms, a fig, a fig and a
spade, a spade.”
41
42. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
As a Result of 3 Private Interviews
“If there be not in her a
proud mind, a crafty wit,
a callous heart against
God and his truth, my
judgement faileth me”
Knox
42
43. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Knox on Trial
1563 – Queen managed to have Knox tried for treason.
“That man made me weep and shed never a tear himself I
will now see if I can make him weep.”
The council acquitted the preacher.
That night the Queen sat in her palace in darkness and
alone.
43
44. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Demise of Mary
Queen of Scots
1565 – married her cousin, Lord Darnley
1567 – he was found murdered in his garden.
James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, charged with murder.
April 1567 acquitted.
The following month he married the Queen.
There was an uprising against her reign.
Abdicated – July 1567.
She fled to England where Elizabeth had her imprisoned for
18 years before she was eventually executed.
44
45. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Period of the Regency
She was succeeded by her Son, James 6th.
Her half-brother, James, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent assassinated.
Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox, grandfather of the young
James 6th also assassinated
Earl of Mar only survived a few months, some said he was
poisoned.
James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, was the last and most
successful of the Regents.
45
46. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
News of St Bartholomew
24th August 1572
Estimated 70,000
Protestants murdered
in France.
In Rome the bells rang, medals were struck, the city was lit for 3
nights celebrating
46
47. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
John Knox –
Died 24th November 1572
“Here lies one who never feared
the face of man”.
James Douglas, Regent
47
49. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Was the Battle Won?
James Douglas pursued a policy of Episcopacy
He neither had the support of Presbyterian or Catholic.
James 6th became King when only 11 years old.
As James 6th and later as James 1st of England he never showed
favour to the Presbyterian cause.
As Monarch he believed that he ought to have power over the
Church, sought to impose Prelacy.
49
50. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Andrew Melville
“But your majesty there are two Kings
And two Kingdoms in Scotland. There
is King James, the head of this
commonwealth, and there is Christ
Jesus, the King of the Church, Whose
subject James 6th is, and of whose
Kingdom he is not a King, nor A lord
nor a head but a member. We will yield
you your place and give you all due
obedience. But again I say you are not
the Head of the Church.”
50
51. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
James 1st of England
1606 – detained in the Tower of London before
being exiled to Sedan, France.
1618 – The Five Articles of Perth:
1. Kneeling during Communion
2. Private Baptism.
3. Private Communion for the sick.
4. Confirmation by the Bishops.
5. Holy Days – Christmas and Easter
51
52. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Revival and Renewed
Convictions
Preachers testified to new power.
Many conversions.
Two main centres:
Ayrshire – Mr Dickson and his weekly lectures in
Irvine.
Kirk of Shotts – Mr John Livingstone, 500
converted during one
communion address.
52
53. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Jenny’s Geddes
In 1625 Charles 1st was crowned.
1633 – William Laud became Archbishop of
Canterbury
Prosecuted a policy of Catholic Ritualism.
Many godly Scots tired of the strife saw Ireland as
a more peaceful place to worship God.
1637 – Book of Common Prayer introduced to
Scotland.
Jenny Geddes threw her stool at the Dean of
Edinburgh.
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54. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
Refusing to Conform
Many godly Presbyterian Ministers refused to
accept these changes.
Samuel Rutherford was exiled to Aberdeen.
Robert Blair preferred to be ordained to Ulster.
George Dunbar, moved to Ulster, after being
ejected from Ayr twice.
Edward Brice, moved to Broadisland, Co Antrim,
opposed to the King’s policy.
54
55. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The National Covenant
1638 – all classes vowed to defend the Reformed
Church of Scotland.
General Assembly annulled the 5 Articles.
“We have cast down the walls of Jericho, let him
who rebuildeth them beware of the curse of Hiel
the Bethelite”
Alexander Henderson, Moderator
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56. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
A Century of Agitation
The battle for Presbyterianism in Scotland
climaxed in the infamous “killing times.”
It was the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which
settled the issue of an Established Church in
Scotland which was Presbyterian in worship.
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57. Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant
The Ulster Connection
Throughout the 17th Century many Presbyterians
would seize new opportunities in Ulster.
They came for freedom of worship.
They fought the same battles as their Scottish
brethren.
Experienced the same revival.
Felt the onslaught in Popery as they never
experienced that in Scotland.
Established an Irish Presbyerian Church.
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58. Archbishop James
Ussher
Forging the Faith of the Ulster
Plantation in the Fires of
Persecution and Genocide
Searching for the Identity and
Faith of the Ulster Protestant 58