SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Reflections on kids, learning and laptops. Paul McMahon Learning Solutions
Seeing the world through different lenses
Simple, clear unambiguous
“ A bicycle for the mind” Steve Jobs
“ An instrument whose music is ideas” Alan Kay
Schooling Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPD for more than just the teachers!
Maybe not the same page, but surely the same book?
Need artifacts to show how all this looks
No such thing as too much discussion
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Humanities were the most disrupted
Many more flexible uses
Maths… Ah, Maths..
Compatibility Issues
How far down the path?
Some things are hard to measure
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Images ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging Elearning
Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging ElearningVirtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging Elearning
Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging ElearningShelly Sanchez Terrell
 
Design Thinking for Educators
Design Thinking for EducatorsDesign Thinking for Educators
Design Thinking for Educatorsea283216
 
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conference
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conferenceTXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conference
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conferencetechnolibrary
 
Creating a global classroom
Creating a global classroomCreating a global classroom
Creating a global classroomLouise Morgan
 
Innovation online workshop ideas
Innovation online workshop ideasInnovation online workshop ideas
Innovation online workshop ideasFiona Beal
 
Times are changing
Times are changingTimes are changing
Times are changingFiona Beal
 
Digital Emanations and Illuminations
Digital Emanations and IlluminationsDigital Emanations and Illuminations
Digital Emanations and IlluminationsGilly Salmon
 

What's hot (9)

Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging Elearning
Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging ElearningVirtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging Elearning
Virtual Makeover: 15+ Ideas for Engaging Elearning
 
Cefpi
CefpiCefpi
Cefpi
 
Design Thinking for Educators
Design Thinking for EducatorsDesign Thinking for Educators
Design Thinking for Educators
 
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conference
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conferenceTXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conference
TXLA 2014 Strong Schools, Strong Scores conference
 
Creating a global classroom
Creating a global classroomCreating a global classroom
Creating a global classroom
 
Innovation online workshop ideas
Innovation online workshop ideasInnovation online workshop ideas
Innovation online workshop ideas
 
Times are changing
Times are changingTimes are changing
Times are changing
 
Korcos 2011
Korcos 2011Korcos 2011
Korcos 2011
 
Digital Emanations and Illuminations
Digital Emanations and IlluminationsDigital Emanations and Illuminations
Digital Emanations and Illuminations
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (7)

Diy Demon Removal Tool
Diy Demon Removal ToolDiy Demon Removal Tool
Diy Demon Removal Tool
 
The Promise of 1:1 Learning
The Promise of 1:1 Learning The Promise of 1:1 Learning
The Promise of 1:1 Learning
 
Portfolio Fight chrono
Portfolio Fight chronoPortfolio Fight chrono
Portfolio Fight chrono
 
Who Said Plants Were Boring?
Who Said Plants Were Boring?Who Said Plants Were Boring?
Who Said Plants Were Boring?
 
Medical Testing
Medical TestingMedical Testing
Medical Testing
 
WEB 2.0
WEB 2.0WEB 2.0
WEB 2.0
 
Deda notes meditation
Deda notes   meditationDeda notes   meditation
Deda notes meditation
 

Similar to Reflections on 1:1 Learning

Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012
Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012
Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012Glenn Wiebe
 
Design, schools & lots of mythopoetics
Design, schools & lots of mythopoeticsDesign, schools & lots of mythopoetics
Design, schools & lots of mythopoeticsAnne-sophie Gauvin
 
Steam & the Makerspace
Steam & the MakerspaceSteam & the Makerspace
Steam & the MakerspaceAmy Koester
 
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012Glenn Wiebe
 
Flattening the Page - NWP
Flattening the Page - NWPFlattening the Page - NWP
Flattening the Page - NWPKevin Hodgson
 
Integrating technology into the common core
Integrating technology into the common coreIntegrating technology into the common core
Integrating technology into the common coreGlenn Wiebe
 
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007Bryan Alexander
 
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong Kong
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong KongOpening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong Kong
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong KongGerry Stahl
 
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017technolibrary
 
Teaching Languages With Technology
Teaching Languages With TechnologyTeaching Languages With Technology
Teaching Languages With TechnologyJoe McVeigh
 
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzkeRob Darrow
 
bad ideas: for creativity and design
bad ideas: for creativity and designbad ideas: for creativity and design
bad ideas: for creativity and designAlan Dix
 
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practice
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practiceCreating student spaces for emancipatory practice
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practicedebbieholley1
 
Image is Everything with EdTechTeam
Image is Everything with EdTechTeamImage is Everything with EdTechTeam
Image is Everything with EdTechTeamAmy Burvall
 
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)Michael Edson
 

Similar to Reflections on 1:1 Learning (20)

Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012
Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012
Social Studies in 21st Century KCSS 2012
 
Design, schools & lots of mythopoetics
Design, schools & lots of mythopoeticsDesign, schools & lots of mythopoetics
Design, schools & lots of mythopoetics
 
Steam & the Makerspace
Steam & the MakerspaceSteam & the Makerspace
Steam & the Makerspace
 
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012
Social studies in 21st century KCSS 2012
 
Escaping The Cave
Escaping The CaveEscaping The Cave
Escaping The Cave
 
Wlma 2011 final
Wlma 2011 finalWlma 2011 final
Wlma 2011 final
 
Flattening the Page - NWP
Flattening the Page - NWPFlattening the Page - NWP
Flattening the Page - NWP
 
Wlma 2011
Wlma 2011Wlma 2011
Wlma 2011
 
Integrating technology into the common core
Integrating technology into the common coreIntegrating technology into the common core
Integrating technology into the common core
 
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007
Eugene Lang Liberal Tech2007
 
Alia 2010
Alia 2010Alia 2010
Alia 2010
 
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong Kong
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong KongOpening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong Kong
Opening Keynote at ICCE 2009 in Hong Kong
 
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017
Student Centered Spaces for Mobile Learners ISTE2017
 
Teaching Languages With Technology
Teaching Languages With TechnologyTeaching Languages With Technology
Teaching Languages With Technology
 
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke
06.transform thinking and end.darrowschwirzke
 
Mozilla learning freedom and the web
Mozilla learning freedom and the webMozilla learning freedom and the web
Mozilla learning freedom and the web
 
bad ideas: for creativity and design
bad ideas: for creativity and designbad ideas: for creativity and design
bad ideas: for creativity and design
 
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practice
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practiceCreating student spaces for emancipatory practice
Creating student spaces for emancipatory practice
 
Image is Everything with EdTechTeam
Image is Everything with EdTechTeamImage is Everything with EdTechTeam
Image is Everything with EdTechTeam
 
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)
European Cultural Commons Workshop, Introductory Remarks (transcript)
 

More from Paul McMahon

Why consider supported online learning for English?
Why consider supported online learning for English?Why consider supported online learning for English?
Why consider supported online learning for English?Paul McMahon
 
Changing Classrooms Globally
Changing Classrooms GloballyChanging Classrooms Globally
Changing Classrooms GloballyPaul McMahon
 
Educational Podcasting
Educational PodcastingEducational Podcasting
Educational PodcastingPaul McMahon
 
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Sec
Effective Use Of It For English Learning SecEffective Use Of It For English Learning Sec
Effective Use Of It For English Learning SecPaul McMahon
 
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Pri
Effective Use Of It For English Learning PriEffective Use Of It For English Learning Pri
Effective Use Of It For English Learning PriPaul McMahon
 
The Iwb And Classroom Practice
The Iwb And Classroom PracticeThe Iwb And Classroom Practice
The Iwb And Classroom PracticePaul McMahon
 
Educational Podcasting Ktlms
Educational Podcasting KtlmsEducational Podcasting Ktlms
Educational Podcasting KtlmsPaul McMahon
 
Learning Through ICT
Learning Through ICTLearning Through ICT
Learning Through ICTPaul McMahon
 
Web 2 For English1.1
Web 2 For English1.1Web 2 For English1.1
Web 2 For English1.1Paul McMahon
 

More from Paul McMahon (17)

Online Identity
Online IdentityOnline Identity
Online Identity
 
Living Online
Living OnlineLiving Online
Living Online
 
Why consider supported online learning for English?
Why consider supported online learning for English?Why consider supported online learning for English?
Why consider supported online learning for English?
 
Changing Classrooms Globally
Changing Classrooms GloballyChanging Classrooms Globally
Changing Classrooms Globally
 
Web 2 For English
Web 2 For EnglishWeb 2 For English
Web 2 For English
 
Educational Podcasting
Educational PodcastingEducational Podcasting
Educational Podcasting
 
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Sec
Effective Use Of It For English Learning SecEffective Use Of It For English Learning Sec
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Sec
 
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Pri
Effective Use Of It For English Learning PriEffective Use Of It For English Learning Pri
Effective Use Of It For English Learning Pri
 
Writing Online
Writing OnlineWriting Online
Writing Online
 
Librarian Seminar
Librarian SeminarLibrarian Seminar
Librarian Seminar
 
Acot Findings
Acot FindingsAcot Findings
Acot Findings
 
The Iwb And Classroom Practice
The Iwb And Classroom PracticeThe Iwb And Classroom Practice
The Iwb And Classroom Practice
 
Educational Podcasting Ktlms
Educational Podcasting KtlmsEducational Podcasting Ktlms
Educational Podcasting Ktlms
 
Teachers
TeachersTeachers
Teachers
 
Teachers
TeachersTeachers
Teachers
 
Learning Through ICT
Learning Through ICTLearning Through ICT
Learning Through ICT
 
Web 2 For English1.1
Web 2 For English1.1Web 2 For English1.1
Web 2 For English1.1
 

Recently uploaded

Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matrices
Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matricesApplication of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matrices
Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matricesRased Khan
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasiemaillard
 
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptx
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptxNLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptx
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptxssuserbdd3e8
 
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.ppt
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.pptBasic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.ppt
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.pptSourabh Kumar
 
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptxmansk2
 
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPHow to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
 
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chipsFish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chipsGeoBlogs
 
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdfAdversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdfPo-Chuan Chen
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxbennyroshan06
 
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdf
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdfAccounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdf
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdfYibeltalNibretu
 
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptx
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptxSalient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptx
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptxakshayaramakrishnan21
 
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...Sayali Powar
 
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfTamralipta Mahavidyalaya
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfjoachimlavalley1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matrices
Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matricesApplication of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matrices
Application of Matrices in real life. Presentation on application of matrices
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
 
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptx
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptxNLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptx
NLC-2024-Orientation-for-RO-SDO (1).pptx
 
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.ppt
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.pptBasic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.ppt
Basic_QTL_Marker-assisted_Selection_Sourabh.ppt
 
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx
2024_Student Session 2_ Set Plan Preparation.pptx
 
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPHow to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
 
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chipsFish and Chips - have they had their chips
Fish and Chips - have they had their chips
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Limitations and Solutions with LLMs"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Limitations and Solutions with LLMs"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Limitations and Solutions with LLMs"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Limitations and Solutions with LLMs"
 
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdfAdversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
 
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdf
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdfAccounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdf
Accounting and finance exit exam 2016 E.C.pdf
 
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptx
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptxSalient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptx
Salient features of Environment protection Act 1986.pptx
 
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
 
NCERT Solutions Power Sharing Class 10 Notes pdf
NCERT Solutions Power Sharing Class 10 Notes pdfNCERT Solutions Power Sharing Class 10 Notes pdf
NCERT Solutions Power Sharing Class 10 Notes pdf
 
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...
UNIT – IV_PCI Complaints: Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling o...
 
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
 
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement EssentialsIntroduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
 

Reflections on 1:1 Learning