This document discusses various optical phenomena that involve the reflection and refraction of light, including: - Light pillars, which are vertical bands of light formed by the reflection of light from ice crystals in cold climates. - Total internal reflection, which occurs when light passes from a dense to rare medium at an angle greater than the critical angle. - Mirages, which create optical illusions of water or other objects due to the refraction of light in air layers of different temperatures. - Rainbows, which are formed when water droplets disperse and reflect sunlight to produce an arc of colors in the sky. - Snell's window, where underwater objects can be viewed through a cone of refracted

2. REFLECTION
Reflection is the change in direction of a wave front
at an interface between two different media so that
the wave front returns in to the medium from which
it originated
Types of reflection
 Regular Reflection
 Irregular Reflection

3. LIGHT PILLARS
Light pillars are optical
phenomena coming under
Halos which could be seen
in many cold countries,
such as Russia ,Canada
and Finland. Vertical band
or tall pillars of light
appears to shoot into the
sky. This is formed when
there is a reflection of
light from the sun and the
moon by various small
ice crystals suspended in
the air.

5. APPLICATIONS OF REFLECTION

6. TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
The complete reflection of a light ray reaching an interface
with a less dense medium when the angle of incidence
exceeds the critical angle.
To occur TIR light should pass from denser to rarer
medium and the angle of incidence must be greater than
critical angle.

7. APPLICATIONS OF TIR

9. REFRACTION
It is the bending of light as it passes from
one optically transparent medium to
another where its speed is different.

10. ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION
It is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic waves
from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere
due to variation in air density as a function of eight

11. APPLICATIONS
DISTORTION OF SUN FLATTENING OF SUN
GREEN FLASH RED FLASH

12. SCINTILLATIONS
APPARENT
POSITION OF
STARS

13. HUMAN EYE
It is a gateway to one of our five sense. It is an organ that
reacts with light .

14. Ray diagram of eye

15. PHYSICS OF THE EYE

16. Vision defects

17. MIRAGE
It is an optical
phenomenon that creates
the illusion of water and
results from the refraction
and total internal
refraction of light in the
air.

18. FORMATION OF MIRAGE

19. TYPES OF MIRAGES
INFERIOR MIRAGE HEAT HAZE SUPERIOR MIRAGE
FATA MORGANA NIGHT TIME MIRAGE
ASTRONOMICAL
OBJECT

20. RAINBOW
Is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by
reflection ,refraction and dispersion of light on
water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light
appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a
multicoloured circular arc

21. FORMATION OF RAINBOW

22. TYPES OF RAINBOWS
TWINNED RAINBOW MULTIPLE RAINBOW
FULL CIRCLE RAINBOW SUPERNUMERARYRAINBOW

23. MOONLIGHT RAINBOW HIGHORDER RAINBOW
REFLECTED AND
REFLECTION RAINBOW
MONOCHROME RAINBOW FOGBOW

24. SNELL’S WINDOW
Snell’s window is a phenomenon caused
by Refraction of light entering water and
governed By Snell’s law

25. SNELL’S WINDOW
Under water viewer sees
everything above the
Surface through a cone of
light
Fish will view through a
cone of 96 degree

27. OPTICAL ILLUSION DUE TO REFRACTION
AND REFLECTION
Infinite reflection Infinite refraction

28. REFLECTION AND REFRACTION IN WATER
Specular reflection Diffuse reflection Evaporation

29. CONCLUSION
Refraction and reflection of light can be seen in many
places in our everyday life . Due to reflection we can see
everything . It is what optical lenses are based on,
allowing for instruments such as glasses , cameras
binoculars microscopes , and the human eye.

30. THANK YOU