Reducing Concentration Uncertainty in Geological Structures by Conditioning o...Amro Elfeki
Reducing Concentration Uncertainty in Geological Structures by Conditioning on Boreholes Using the Coupled Markov Chain Approach. 29th Colloquium “ Recent Advances in Subsurface hydrology”, Sept 25, 2003, Dept of Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft university of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
http://www.hyd.citg.tudelft.nl/work/news/news250903.html
Vibrations of a mechanical system with inertial and forced disturbanceiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Reducing Concentration Uncertainty in Geological Structures by Conditioning o...Amro Elfeki
Reducing Concentration Uncertainty in Geological Structures by Conditioning on Boreholes Using the Coupled Markov Chain Approach. 29th Colloquium “ Recent Advances in Subsurface hydrology”, Sept 25, 2003, Dept of Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft university of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
http://www.hyd.citg.tudelft.nl/work/news/news250903.html
Vibrations of a mechanical system with inertial and forced disturbanceiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Slip boundary conditions for the moving contact line in molecular dynamics an...Nikolai Priezjev
The problem of the moving contact line between two immiscible fluids on a smooth surface is revisited using molecular dynamics (MD) and continuum simulations. In MD simulations a finite slip is allowed by choosing incommensurate wall-fluid densities and weak wall-fluid interaction energies. The shear stresses and velocity fields are extracted carefully in the bulk fluid region as well as near the moving contact line. In agreement with previous studies, we found slowly decaying partial slip region away from the contact line. In steady-state shear flows we extract the friction coefficient along the liquid-solid interface, the local slip length, and the dynamic contact angle. The MD results show that both dynamic contact angle and slip velocity near the contact line increase with increasing the capillary number (Ca). Also, at high Ca the break up of fluid-fluid interface is observed. The slip boundary conditions near the moving contact line extracted from MD simulations were then used in the continuum solution of the Navier-Stokes equation in the same geometry to reproduce velocity profiles and the shape of the fluid-fluid interface.
WETTING PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURED INTERFACES COMPOSED OF SURFACE-ATTACHED SPHE...Nikolai Priezjev
The influence of the external pressure and surface energy on the wetting transition at nanotextured interfaces is studied using molecular dynamics and continuum simulations. The surface roughness of the composite interface is introduced via an array of spherical nanoparticles with controlled wettability. We find
that in the absence of an external pressure, the liquid interface is flat and its location relative to the solid substrate is determined by the particle size and the local contact angle. With increasing pressure on the liquid film, the interface becomes more curved and the three-phase contact line is displaced along the spherical surface but remains stable due to re-entrant geometry. It is demonstrated that the results of molecular dynamics simulations for the critical pressure of the Cassie-Baxter wetting state agree well with the estimate of the critical pressure obtained by numerical minimization of the interfacial energy.
Dynamical heterogeneity and structural relaxation in periodically deformed po...Nikolai Priezjev
The dynamics of structural relaxation in a model polymer glass subject to spatially-homogeneous, time-periodic shear deformation is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a coarse-grained bead-spring model of short polymer chains below the glass transition temperature. It is found that at small strain amplitudes, the segmental dynamics is nearly reversible over about 10,000 cycles, while at strain amplitudes above a few percent, polymer chains become fully relaxed after a hundred cycles. At the critical strain amplitude, the transition from slow to fast relaxation dynamics is associated with the largest number of dynamically correlated monomers as indicated by the peak value of the dynamical susceptibility. The analysis of individual monomer trajectories indicated that mobile monomers tend to assist their neighbors to become mobile and aggregate into relatively compact transient clusters.
Molecular origin of surface tension at liquid-vapor interfacesNikolai Priezjev
In this presentation, the effect of surface tension at liquid-vapor interfaces will be discussed. We will consider a flat liquid-vapor interface at thermodynamic equilibrium and estimate the pressure-stress tensor in the interfacial layer. Further, the surface tension coefficient will be computed for monatomic liquid using the molecular dynamics simulation method. The dependence of the results will be examined as a function of the temperature, density, system size, and details of the interaction potential. Finally, a few examples where the surface tension forces are important will be considered; namely, soap bubbles, the shape of liquid droplets at solid surfaces, and survival of water striders.
4 matched filters and ambiguity functions for radar signals-2Solo Hermelin
Matched filters (Part 2of 2) maximizes the output signal-to-noise ratio for a known radar signal at a predefined time.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
Mariana Curado Malta, a researcher working in the POSTDATA project of LINHD was invited to talk in the Universidad Carlos III of Madrid on the “Máster Universitario en Bibliotecas y Servicios de Información Digital “ in the topic “Vocabularios y Esquemas semánticos para la Web”. She presented the method for the development of metadata application profiles (Me4MAP) to the students and gave some examples of application of this method, one of these examples was POSTDATA and how the project team is elicitating the functional requirements and defining the domain model.
Slip boundary conditions for the moving contact line in molecular dynamics an...Nikolai Priezjev
The problem of the moving contact line between two immiscible fluids on a smooth surface is revisited using molecular dynamics (MD) and continuum simulations. In MD simulations a finite slip is allowed by choosing incommensurate wall-fluid densities and weak wall-fluid interaction energies. The shear stresses and velocity fields are extracted carefully in the bulk fluid region as well as near the moving contact line. In agreement with previous studies, we found slowly decaying partial slip region away from the contact line. In steady-state shear flows we extract the friction coefficient along the liquid-solid interface, the local slip length, and the dynamic contact angle. The MD results show that both dynamic contact angle and slip velocity near the contact line increase with increasing the capillary number (Ca). Also, at high Ca the break up of fluid-fluid interface is observed. The slip boundary conditions near the moving contact line extracted from MD simulations were then used in the continuum solution of the Navier-Stokes equation in the same geometry to reproduce velocity profiles and the shape of the fluid-fluid interface.
WETTING PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURED INTERFACES COMPOSED OF SURFACE-ATTACHED SPHE...Nikolai Priezjev
The influence of the external pressure and surface energy on the wetting transition at nanotextured interfaces is studied using molecular dynamics and continuum simulations. The surface roughness of the composite interface is introduced via an array of spherical nanoparticles with controlled wettability. We find
that in the absence of an external pressure, the liquid interface is flat and its location relative to the solid substrate is determined by the particle size and the local contact angle. With increasing pressure on the liquid film, the interface becomes more curved and the three-phase contact line is displaced along the spherical surface but remains stable due to re-entrant geometry. It is demonstrated that the results of molecular dynamics simulations for the critical pressure of the Cassie-Baxter wetting state agree well with the estimate of the critical pressure obtained by numerical minimization of the interfacial energy.
Dynamical heterogeneity and structural relaxation in periodically deformed po...Nikolai Priezjev
The dynamics of structural relaxation in a model polymer glass subject to spatially-homogeneous, time-periodic shear deformation is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a coarse-grained bead-spring model of short polymer chains below the glass transition temperature. It is found that at small strain amplitudes, the segmental dynamics is nearly reversible over about 10,000 cycles, while at strain amplitudes above a few percent, polymer chains become fully relaxed after a hundred cycles. At the critical strain amplitude, the transition from slow to fast relaxation dynamics is associated with the largest number of dynamically correlated monomers as indicated by the peak value of the dynamical susceptibility. The analysis of individual monomer trajectories indicated that mobile monomers tend to assist their neighbors to become mobile and aggregate into relatively compact transient clusters.
Molecular origin of surface tension at liquid-vapor interfacesNikolai Priezjev
In this presentation, the effect of surface tension at liquid-vapor interfaces will be discussed. We will consider a flat liquid-vapor interface at thermodynamic equilibrium and estimate the pressure-stress tensor in the interfacial layer. Further, the surface tension coefficient will be computed for monatomic liquid using the molecular dynamics simulation method. The dependence of the results will be examined as a function of the temperature, density, system size, and details of the interaction potential. Finally, a few examples where the surface tension forces are important will be considered; namely, soap bubbles, the shape of liquid droplets at solid surfaces, and survival of water striders.
4 matched filters and ambiguity functions for radar signals-2Solo Hermelin
Matched filters (Part 2of 2) maximizes the output signal-to-noise ratio for a known radar signal at a predefined time.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
Mariana Curado Malta, a researcher working in the POSTDATA project of LINHD was invited to talk in the Universidad Carlos III of Madrid on the “Máster Universitario en Bibliotecas y Servicios de Información Digital “ in the topic “Vocabularios y Esquemas semánticos para la Web”. She presented the method for the development of metadata application profiles (Me4MAP) to the students and gave some examples of application of this method, one of these examples was POSTDATA and how the project team is elicitating the functional requirements and defining the domain model.
Reducing Uncertainty of Groundwater Contaminant Transport Using Markov Chains Amro Elfeki
Invited lecture at the Stockholm International Meteorological Institute (IMI), Stockholm university, Sweden. This presentation is about the reduction of uncertainty in the geological structures on groundwater flow and contaminant transport.
Prediction of Contaminant Plumes (Shapes, Spatial Moments and Macro-dispersio...Amro Elfeki
Elfeki, A. M. (2006). Prediction of Contaminant Plumes (Shapes, Spatial Moments and Macro-dispersion) in Aquifers with insufficient Geological Information. Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 44 (6), pp 841-856.
Modeling Subsurface Heterogeneity by Coupled Markov Chains: Directional Depen...Amro Elfeki
Elfeki, A. M. and Dekking F. M. (2005). Modeling Subsurface Heterogeneity by Coupled Markov Chains: Directional Dependency, Walther’s Law and Entropy. Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 23: pp.721-756.
Characterization of Subsurface Heterogeneity: Integration of Soft and Hard In...Amro Elfeki
Park, E., Elfeki, A. M. M., Dekking, F.M. (2003). Characterization of subsurface heterogeneity: Integration of soft and hard information using multi-dimensional Coupled Markov chain approach. Underground Injection Science and Technology Symposium, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., October 22-25, 2003. p.49. Eds. Tsang, Chin.-Fu and Apps, John A.
http://www.lbl.gov/Conferences/UIST/index.html#topics
New folderelec425_2016_hw5.pdfMar 25, 2016 ELEC 425 S.docxcurwenmichaela
New folder/elec425_2016_hw5.pdf
Mar 25, 2016
ELEC 425 Spring 2016 HW 5 Questions
due in class on Tue Mar 31, 2016
1) Read Sec. 1.11 from the textbook. Use the conventions plotted on Fig. 1.42 to derive the TM
matrix in Eq. 1.253.
2) The file Tmatrix.m is a Matlab script that evaluates the reflection and transmission coefficients
for TE and TM polarizations. Analyze the code, and write a script that uses Tmatrix.m to
generate Fig. 3 from Winn1998.pdf file. When the output from the Matlab code is overlaid with
Fig. 3 from the paper, they should match exactly as shown below. Note the dB scale in the
figure.
3) Read the following tutorial from the Lumerical website.
https://kb.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_stack.html
First, run and verify the tutorial. Then, modify the tutorial files so that you simulate 0° and 45°
results from Fig. 3 of the Winn1998.pdf paper as shown above. The structure is composed of a
total of 12 layers: air on the entrance and exit sides, and five repetitions of two quarter wave
(𝑑1 + 𝑑2 =
𝜆1
4
+
𝜆2
4
= 𝑎) layers of refractive index 𝑛1 = 1.7 and 𝑛2 = 3.4 and thicknesses 𝑑1
and 𝑑2. Export your simulation results, import them into Matlab, and plot the output from part
2) with the output from Lumerical FDTD on the same plot. Verify that FDTD code results in a
similar set of results.
Please hand in your derivations, your plots and the relevant code used to generate the plots all
stapled together.
You can find the required files under the Handouts section on the course website at:
http://courses.ku.edu.tr/elec425
https://kb.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_stack.html
http://courses.ku.edu.tr/elec425
New folder/PhotonicsLaserEngineering.pdf.part
Future cosmology with CMB lensing and galaxy clusteringMarcel Schmittfull
Next-generation Cosmic Microwave Background experiments such as the Simons Observatory, CMB-S4 and PICO aim to measure gravitational lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background an order of magnitude better than current experiments. The lensing signal will be highly correlated with measurements of galaxy clustering from next-generation galaxy surveys such as LSST. This will help us understand whether cosmic inflation was driven by a single field or by multiple fields. It will also allow us to accurately measure the growth of structure as a function of time, which is a powerful probe of dark energy and the sum of neutrino masses. I will discuss the prospects for this, as well as recent progress on the theoretical modeling of galaxy clustering, which is key to realize the full potential of these anticipated datasets.
Mobility Measurements Probe Conformational Changes in Membrane-embedded prote...richardgmorris
The function of membrane-embedded proteins such as ion channels depends crucially on their conformation. We demonstrate how conformational changes in asymmetric membrane proteins may be inferred from measurements of their diffusion. Such proteins cause local deformations in the membrane, which induce an extra hydrodynamic drag on the protein. Using membrane tension to control the magnitude of the deformations and hence the drag, measurements of diffusivity can be used to infer--- via an elastic model of the protein--- how conformation is changed by tension. Motivated by recent experimental results [Quemeneur et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111 5083 (2014)] we focus on KvAP, a voltage-gated potassium channel. The conformation of KvAP is found to change considerably due to tension, with its `walls', where the protein meets the membrane, undergoing significant angular strains. The torsional stiffness is determined to be 26.8 kT at room temperature. This has implications for both the structure and function of such proteins in the environment of a tension-bearing membrane.
kasami spreading code example with explanation.pdfGeletaAman
Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences are binary sequences of length 2N−1 where N is an even integer. Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are two classes of Kasami sequences—the small set and the large set.Kasami sequences have good cross-correlation values approaching the Welch lower bound. There are
This poster was created in LaTeX on a Dell Inspiron laptop with a Linux Fedora Core 4 operating system. The background image and the animation snapshots are dxf meshes of elastic waveform solutions, rendered on a Windows machine using 3D Studio Max.
Similar to Reducing Concentration Uncertainty Using the Coupled Markov Chain Approach (20)
Simulation of Tracer Injection from a Well in a Nearly Radial FlowAmro Elfeki
This is a result of Simulation of Tracer Injection from a well in a nearly radial flow using finite difference and particle tracking Radom walks.
To observe the animation of the plume progress in time, one has to download the file.
Aquifer recharge from flash floods in the arid environment: A mass balance ap...Amro Elfeki
Estimation of the infiltration/natural recharge to groundwater from rainfall is an important issue in hydrology, particularly in arid regions. This paper proposes the application of The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) mass balance model to develop infiltration (F)–rainfall (P) relationship from flash flood events. Moreover, the NRCS method is compared with the rational and the Ф-index methods to investigate the discrepancies between these methods. The methods have been applied to five gauged basins and their 19 sub-basins (representative basins with detailed measurements) in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia with 161 storms recorded in 4 years. The F–P relationships developed in this study based on NRCS method are: F = 39% P with R2 = 0.932 for the initial abstraction factor, λ = 0.2. However, F = 77% P with R2 = 0.986 for λ = 0.01. The model at λ = 0.01 is the best to fit the data, therefore, it is recommended to use the formula at λ = 0.01. The results show that the NRCS model is appropriate for the estimation of the F–P relationships in arid regions when compared with the rational and the Ф index methods. The latter overestimates the infiltration because they do not take λ into account. There is no significant difference between F–P relationships at different time scales. This helps the prediction of infiltration rates for aquifer recharge at ungauged basins from monthly and annual rainfall data with a single formula.
Basics of Contaminant Transport in Aquifers (Lecture)Amro Elfeki
This is a basic lecture on contaminant transport in aquifers. It covers various aspects. Types of transport in aquifers. Reactive and non-reactive, governing equations of solute transport. Method of solutions and simulations.
This is a lecture on well hydraulics. The basics of flow towards the well in confined and unconfined aquifers. Well interactions. Method of images. Flow nets in case of multiple wells. Superposition theory for multiple wells.
This is a lecture on the hydraulics of gradually varied flow in open channels. It shows the profiles common in the open channels and some numerical examples using numerical integration.
Two Dimensional Flood Inundation Modelling In Urban Area Using WMS, HEC-RAS a...Amro Elfeki
This research presents a two-dimensional flood inundation modelling in urbanized areas when some features such as roads, buildings, and fences have great effect on flood propagation. Wadi Qows located in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia was chosen as case study area because of the flood occurrence of 2009 causing lots of losses either economic or loss of life. The WMS and HEC-RAS program were used for a hydraulic simulation based on channel geometry built by incorporating urban features into DEM using GIS effectively. A resampling method of DEM 90 × 90 m become 10 × 10 m grid cell sizes was conducted to produce a higher resolution DEM suitable for urban flood inundation modelling. The results show that a higher resolution leads to increasing the average flood depth and decreasing the flood extent. Although the change of the grid cell sizes does not affect its elevation values, this approach is helpful to perform flood simulations in urban areas when high resolution DEM availability is limited. In addition, the integration of WMS, HEC-RAS and GIS are powerful tools for flood modelling in rural, mountainous and urban areas.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330004725_Two_Dimensional_Flood_Inundation_Modelling_in_Urban_Areas_Using_WMS_HEC-RAS_and_GIS_Case_Study_in_Jeddah_City_Saudi_Arabia_IEREK_Interdisciplinary_Series_for_Sustainable_Development
Representation of of Stochastic Processes in Stochastic Processes in Real and Spectral Domains Real and Spectral Domains and and Monte Monte-Carlo sampling
Development of Flash Flood Risk Assessment Matrix in Arid Environment: Case S...Amro Elfeki
Risk indices and risk matrix have been used among governmental agencies for assessing risks and ranking alternatives protection measures. The popularity of risk matrices can be associated with its characteristics to quick assessing risk and providing inexpensive solutions. The risk assessment is associated with flood protection as: economic, environmental, and life-safety. Economic risks are reasonably well dealt with by the well-known traditional cost-benefit analysis, insurance, and financial markets. Environmental risks are difficult to assess by traditional methods in flood project evaluation. Environmental consequences cannot be directly measured, while social risks represent the most challenge to quantify. It may be possible to estimate the number of fatalities, and cost of damaged infrastructures, while the social aspects cannot be measured. This paper is proposing a flood risk matrix technique for assessing risks in urban arid and extreme arid regions demonstrated through case-study application on the catchment of Taibah University (TU) and Islamic University (IU) in Medina, KSA. The study focused on assessing the geographical impacts of the flash flood inundated depths for different frequencies from 5 to 100 years return periods leading to identification of the flood channels, and its floodplains that may be vulnerable to different degrees of flood hazards.
Derivation of unit hydrograph of Al-Lith basin in the south west of saudi ar...Amro Elfeki
Mohammad Albishi, Jarbou Bahrawi and Amro Elfeki (2016). Derivation of the Unit Hydrograph of Allith Basin in the South West of Saudi Arabia. 7 International Conference on Water Resources and the Arid Environments (ICWRAE 7): 621-628 4-6 December 2016, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Most studies on unit hydrograph theory is developed for temperate regions and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no studies on this topic in arid regions because of the lack of runoff measurements. This paper presents the derivation of a unit hydrograph of a Allith basin and its S-curve in the south western part of Saudi Arabia to be used to predict flash flood more accurately in this region. The derivation is based on the method of stream flow data that has been collected from measured rainfall and runoff storms in the region. The study resulted in the unit hydrograph of 1 hr duration and the S-curve that is used to transfer the hydrograph to any other durations. This unit hydrograph can be used to predict flash floods in Allith basin and similar watersheds.
Empirical equations for flood analysis in arid zonesAmro Elfeki
Mohammad Albishi, Jarbou Bahrawi, and Amro Elfeki (2016). Empirical Equations for Flood Analysis in Arid Zones. Published in the book of abstracts at IWC 2016 International Water Conference 2016 on Water Resources in Arid Areas: the Way Forward.
Empirical equations for estimation of transmission lossesAmro Elfeki
Transmission losses is caused by infiltration into the streambed in ephemeral streams. The conventional methods for flood routing in wadis is impossible to achieve due to transmission losses. The Muskingum routing procedure in its basic form has two parameters, the channel time lag, Km, and the weighting parameter, x. However, both parameters do not consider transmission losses of floods in channels. O’Donnell 1985 introduced a third parameter, α, in the continuity equation to allow for the lateral movement of floodwater. Elfeki et. Al (2014) carry some modifications of the assumptions such that the negative sign of the parameter α represents transmission losses. In this research, the third-parameter α has been investigated as a tool for estimation of transmission losses using data from Yiba catchment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A spreadsheet model will be developed to deduce the equations.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Flash Floods in Wadi Systems: Disaster Risk Reduction and Water Harvesting in the Arab Region (2016): 166-170
Representative elementary volume (rev) in porousAmro Elfeki
This presentation shows the concept of Representative elementary volume known in porous media. The presentation is the results of an excel spreadsheet prepared to generate hypothetical porous media in 2D. It calculates the porosity of the medium at different scales until it reaches the rev value.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Outlines
• Motivation of this research.
• Methodology:
• Markov Chain in One-dimension.
• Markov Chain in Multi-dimensions: Coupled Markov Chain (CMC).
• Application of CMC at the Schelluinen study area (Bierkens, 94).
• Comparison between:
CMC (Elfeki and Dekking, 2001) and
SIS (Sequential Indicator Simulation, Gomez-Hernandez and
Srivastava, 1990) .
• Flow and Transport Models in a Monte-Carlo Framework.
• Geostatistical Results.
• Transport Results.
• Conclusions.
3. Motivation and Issues
Motivation of this research:
• Test the applicability of CMC model on field data at many sites.
• Incorporating CMC model in flow and transport models to study
uncertainty in concentration fields.
• Deviate from the literature:
- Non-Gaussian stochastic fields: (Markovian fields),
- Statistically heterogeneous fields, and
- Non-uniformity of the flow field (in the mean) due to
boundary conditions.
4. Geological and Parameter Uncertainties
Unconditional CMC
1 2 3 4
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-50
0
time = 1600 days
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-40
-20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-40
-20
0
Geology is Certain and Parameters are Uncertain
Geology is Uncertain and Parameters are Certain
0 0.01 0.1 1
C
C
actualC
C
C
Elfeki, Uffink and Barends, 1998
Geological Uncertainty:
Geological configuration.
Parameter Uncertainty:
Conductivity value of each unit.
5. ( )
Markov property (One-Step transition probability)
Pr( )
Pr( ) : ,
Marginal Distribution
lim
Conditioning on the Fut
N
i i-1 i-2 i-3 0k l n pr
i i-1k l lk
N
klk
| , , S ,...,S S S SZ Z Z Z Z
| pS SZ Z
p w
( )
1 ( 1)
ure
Pr ( )
N i
kq lk
i i Nk l q N i
lq
p p
| ,S S SZ Z Z
p
S S
o d
One-dimensional Markov Chain
6. Dark Grey (Boundary Cells)
Light Grey (Previously Generated Cells)
White (Unknown Cells)
i-1,j i,j
i,j-1
1,1
Nx,Ny
Nx,1
1,Ny
Nx,j
, , 1, , 1
, 1, , 1 ,,
Unconditioinal Coupled Markov Chains
: Pr( | , ) . 1,...
Conditioinal Coupled Markov Chains
: Pr( | , , )x
h v
lk mk
lm k i j k i j l i j m h v
lf mf
f
i j k i j l i j m N j qlm k q
h
lk
.p p
p Z S Z S Z S k n
.p p
p Z S Z S Z S Z S
.p
( )
( )
, 1,... .
x
x
h N i v
kq mk
h h N i v
lf fq mf
f
.p p
k n
. .p p p
Coupled Markov Chain “CMC” in 2D
(Elfeki and Dekking, 2001)
7. CMC vs. Conventional Methods
CMC Conventional Methods
Based on conditional
probability (transition
matrix).
Based on variogram or
autocovariance.
Marginal Probability. Sill.
Asymmetry can be
described.
Asymmetry is
impossible to describe.
A model of spatial
dependence is not
necessary.
A model of spatial
dependence is needed
for implementation.
Compute only the one-
step transition and the
model takes care of the
n-step transition
probability.
Need to compute many
lags for the variogram
or auto-correlations.
(unreliable at large
lags)
12. Parameter Numerical Value
Time step 5 [day]
Longitudinal dispersivity 0.1 [m]
Transverse dispersivity 0.01 [m]
Effective porosity 0.30 [-]
Injected tracer mass 1000 [grams]
Head difference at the site 1.0 [m]
Monte-Carlo Runs 50 MC
Number of particles 10,000 [particles]
Physical and Simulation Parameters
Soil Properties at the core scale from Bierkens, 1996 (Table 1).
Soil
Coding
Soil type Wi
6 Fine & loamy sand 0.12 0.60 1.76 4.40 0.09
5 Peat 0.39 -2.00 1.7 0.30 2.99
3 Sand & silty clay 0.19 -4.97 3.49 0.1 5.86
4 Clay & humic clay 0.30 -7.00 2.49 0.01 10.1
2
( )iLog K( )iLog K ( / )iK m day 2
iK
Convergence:
~14000 Iterations
Accuracy 0.00001
13. ( , ) ( , ) 0
( , )
( , )
x
y
K x y K x y
x x y y
K x yV
x
K x yV
y
Flow Model
Contaminant Source
Plume at Time, t
Impermeable boundary
Impermeable boundary
is the hydraulic head,
Vx and Vy are pore velocities,
is the hydraulic conductivity, and
is the effective porosity.
( , )K x y
Hydrodynamic Condition:
Non-uniform Flow in the Mean
due to Boundary Conditions.
14. Transport Model
Governing equation of solute transport :
C is concentration
Vx and Vy are pore velocities, and
Dxx , Dyy , Dxy , Dyx are pore-scale dispersion coefficients
x y xx xy yx yy
C C C C C C CV V D D D D
t x y x x y y x y
* - i j
mij ijL L T
VV
D V D
V
*mD
ij
L
T
is effective molecular diffusion,
is delta function,
is longitudinal dispersivity, and
is lateral dispersivity.
15. 1 1
1 1
cos sin sin cos
. / . / . / . /
n n n n
p p x p p yL T L T
n n n n
p p x x y p p y y xL T L T
X X V t Z Z Y Y V t Z Z
X X V t Z V V Z V V Y Y V t Z V V Z V V
6 4 4 4 44 7 4 4 4 4 486 7 8
dispersive termadvective term
1 22 2xy yxx x
p p x L T
D VD V
X t t X t V t Z V t Z V t
x y V V
1 22 2yx yy y x
p p y L T
D D V V
Y t t Y t V t Z V t Z V t
x y V V
The displacement is a normally distributed random variable, whose
mean is the advective movement and whose deviation from the mean
is the dispersive movement.
instantaneous injection
+ uniform flow
Random Walk Method
17. Effect of Conditioning Single Realiz. Cmax
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
No. of Conditioning Boreholes
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
PeakConcentration(mg/lit)
Single Realization Cmax (t = 34.2 Years)
Single Realization Cmax (t = 68.4 Years)
Single Realization Cmax (t = 95.8 Years)
Single Realization Cmax (t = 136.9 Years)
Original Section (t = 34.2 Years)
Original Section (t = 68.4 Years)
Original Section (t = 95.8 Years)
Original Section (t = 136.9 Years)
Practical convergence
is reached after
about 21 boreholes
0 50 100 150 200
-10
-5
0
18. First Moment (Single Realization)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (days)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
X_CoordinateoftheCentroid(m)
Original Section
Conditioning on 2 boreholes
Conditioning on 3 boreholes
Conditioning on 5 boreholes
Conditioning on 9 boreholes
Conditioning on 25 boreholes
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (days)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Y_CoordinateoftheCentroid(m)
Original Section
Conditioning on 2 boreholes
Conditioning on 3 boreholes
Conditioning on 5 boreholes
Conditioning on 9 boreholes
Conditioning on 25 boreholes
Trend is reached at
3 boreholes
Convergence at
9 boreholes
Contaminant Source
Plume at Time, t
Impermeable boundary
Impermeable boundary
19. Second Moment (Single Realization)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (days)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
VarianceinY_direction(m2)
Original Section
Conditioning on 2 boreholes
Conditioning on 3 boreholes
Conditioning on 5 boreholes
Conditioning on 9 boreholes
Conditioning on 25 boreholes
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Time (days)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
VarianceinX_direction(m2)
Original Section
Conditioning on 2 boreholes
Conditioning on 3 boreholes
Conditioning on 5 boreholes
Conditioning on 9 boreholes
Conditioning on 25 boreholes
Trend is reached at
3 boreholes
Convergence at
5 and 25 boreholes
Convergence at
9 boreholes
Contaminant Source
Plume at Time, t
Impermeable boundary
Impermeable boundary
20. Breakthrough Curve (Single Realization)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Time (days)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
NormalizedMassDistribution
Original Section
Conditioning on 2 boreholes
Conditioning on 3 boreholes
Conditioning on 5 boreholes
Conditioning on 9 boreholes
Conditioning on 25 boreholes
0 50 100 150 200
-10
-5
0
Convergence at
25 boreholes
26. Effect of Conditioning on Ensemble Cmax
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
No. of Conditioning Boreholes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
EnsemblePeakConcentration(mg/lit)
Ensemble Cmax (t = 34.2 Years)
Ensemble Cmax (t = 68.4 Years)
Ensemble Cmax (t = 95.8 Years)
Ensemble Cmax (t = 136.9 Years)
Original Section (t = 34.2 Years)
Original Section (t = 68.4 Years)
Original Section (t = 95.8 Years)
Original Section (t = 136.9 Years)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
No. of Conditioning Boreholes
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
CVofCmax
t = 34.2 Years
t = 68.4 Years
t = 95.8 Years
t = 136.9 Years
max actualC Cp
max
1 for #boreholes 5
c
C
max
1 for #boreholes 5
c
C
p
max
time
c
C
27. Conclusions
1. CMC model proved to be a valuable tool in predicting heterogeneous
geological structures which lead to reducing uncertainty in
concentration distributions of contaminant plumes.
2. Convergence to actual concentration is of oscillatory type, due to
the fact that some layers are connected in one scenario and
disconnected in another scenario.
3. In non-Gaussian fields, single realization concentration fields and
the ensemble concentration fields are non-Gaussian in space with
peak skewed to the left.
4. Reproduction of peak concentration, plume spatial moments and
breakthrough curves in a single realization requires many
conditioning boreholes (20-31 boreholes). However, reproduction of
plume shapes require less boreholes (5 boreholes).
28. Conclusions
5. Ensemble concentration and ensemble variance have the same
pattern. Ensemble variance is peaked at the location of the peak
ensemble concentration and decreases when one goes far from the
peak concentration. This supports early work by Rubin (1991).
However, in Rubin’s case the maximum concentration was in the
center of the plume which is attributed to Gaussian fields. The non-
centered peak concentration, in this study, is attributed to the non-
G a u s s i a n f i e l d s .
6. Coefficient of variation of max concentration [CV(Cmax)] decreases
significantly when conditioning is performed on more than 5
b o r e h o l e s .
7. Reproduction of peak concentration, plume spatial moments and
breakthrough curves in a single realization requires many conditioning
boreholes (20-31 boreholes). However, reproduction of plume shapes
r e q u i r e l e s s b o r e h o l e s ( 5 b o r e h o l e s ) .
