Recruitment
and Selection:
Hiring for the
Job or the
Organization?
Overview
 Matching individuals & organizations
 The recruitment & selection process
 Organization vs. job analysis
 Person-job fit vs. person-organization fit
 The legal environment
 Strategic issues in recruitment & selection
Relation To The Frame
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
HR Choices
HR Roles Unilateral
(managerial
discretion)
Joint
(negotiated)
Imposed
(no choice)
Transactional
Managerial
Transformational
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
A Mutual Matching Process
Organization Individual
Job Requirements
Rewards
Qualifications
Motivation
Stages of the Recruitment &
Selection Process
Stages of The Recruitment and Selection Process
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5
Organiz-
ation
Identify and
attract
applicants
Narrow pool
to minimally
qualified
applicants
Further
narrow pool
to those who
best fit the
job
Further
narrow pool
to those who
best fit job
and
organization
Decide
whom to
hire
Individual Identify and
attract
organiz-
ations
Narrow pool
to minimally
acceptable
organiz-
ations
Further
narrow pool
to those who
best fit with
needs/career
goals
Further
narrow pool
to those who
have
desirable
jobs and
desirable
cultures
Decide
which job
offer to
accept
Organization & Job Analysis
Process
Organization Analysis
Job Analysis
Recruitment Selection
Organization Analysis
 Long- & short-term goals
 Staffing needs
 Nature of environment
 Climate/culture
Job Analysis
 Task
 Job context
 Knowledge
 Skill
 Ability
 Other
Job Rewards
 Extrinsic
 Intrinsic
Person-Job Fit
MatchMatch
Overqualified
Underqualified
Person-Organization Fit
Personality
Goals
Values
Interpersonal skills
Recruiting Issues
 Internal vs. external recruiting sources
 Recruiting scope & intensity
 Recruitment message
 Recruitment media
Applicant Pool Quality
Best
Worst
Applicant
Pool
“Best of the Best”
“Best of the Worst”
Applicant
Pool
Selection Steps
 Get applicant KSAO & motivation data
 Assess person-job fit
 Assess person-organization fit
 Decide whom to hire
 Make job offer(s)
Selection Methods
Initial Assessment
Methods
Substantive
Assessment Methods
Contingent
Assessment Methods
•Resumes & cover
letters
•Application blanks
•Biographical
information
•Reference reports
•Screening interviews
•Ability tests
•Personality tests
•Job knowledge tests
•Performance tests &
work samples
•Integrity tests
•Interviews
•Drug tests
•Medical exams
Selection Rules-Of-Thumb
Use multiple
methods to get
KSAOs.
Identify patterns of
past behavior.
Simulate job
situations when
possible.
Evaluating Selection Methods
 Reliability
 Validity
 Utility
 Applicant reactions
 Adverse impact
Characteristics of a Useful
Selection Method
 It is reliable.
 It is valid.
 Its benefits outweigh its costs.
 Applicants respond favorably to it.
 It does not screen out a disproportionate
number of legally protected group
members.
Selection: Decision Making
 Combining information
 compensatory
 noncompensatory
 Decision rules
 top-down ranking
 grouping
 Job offers
Why Validate?
 Legal protection
 Sound business decision making
The Legal Environment
 Federal laws
 State laws
 Local laws
 Executive orders
 Agency guidelines
Prohibited Criteria
 Race
 Color
 Religion
 Sex
 National origin
 Age
 Disability
 Handicap
 Ancestry
Two Types of Illegal
Discrimination
 Disparate treatment
 Disparate impact
Characteristics of Legal
Selection Practices
 Job-related
 essential job functions
 business necessity
 Standardized
 content
 administration
 scoring
Two Major Strategic Issues
 How can HR selection affect an
organization’s ability to formulate &
implement a successful business strategy?
 Should an organization “make” or “buy”
its needed human resources?
Three Approaches
 Traditional
 Staffing as strategy implementation
 Staffing as strategy formation
Traditional Approach
 Strategy is a contextual feature
 Hire for person-job fit
 Select best person for a specific job
Staffing as Strategy
Implementation
 Human resources support strategy
 Hire for person-strategy fit
 Select best person with needed
capabilities
Staffing as Strategy Formation
 Human resources can influence strategy
formation
 Hire for person-organization fit
 Hire people with unique or
complementary
Make or Buy Human
Resources?
 Make
 Hire trainable employees.
 Buy
 Hire fully trained employees.
 Make & buy
 Buy fully trained employees for critical jobs.
 Hire trainable employees for all other jobs.
Human Resource Flows
Upward
Lateral
Downward
Inflows Outflows

Recruitment