blood lipids.docx
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Blood lipids are essential for energy production and cell membrane maintenance but high total cholesterol and LDL levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. A blood lipid profile, measuring cholesterol and HDL levels, is commonly recommended for adults over 40 as part of routine health screening to estimate the 10-year risk of heart attacks and strokes. Elevated LDL and low HDL can cause excess cholesterol to accumulate in artery walls, forming atherosclerotic plaques along with other cells. Genetic factors can also influence cholesterol levels and risk through effects on LDL receptors or cholesterol biosynthesis pathways that statins target to reduce disease.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a lipid found in cell membranes that is essential for life but high levels are associated with health risks. It can be synthesized by the body or absorbed from dietary sources like eggs and meat. While cholesterol itself is necessary, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol carried in the bloodstream can build up in arteries and increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary carbohydrates tend to raise triglyceride levels, which are carried by very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and can become dense, smaller LDL particles that are more strongly linked to heart disease. Therefore, high carbohydrate diets may negatively impact heart health more through triglycerides rather than cholesterol itself.
atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
Complications of abnormal lipid levels
Complications of abnormal lipid levels
Generally, a high total cholesterol level (which includes LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol), particularly a high level of LDL (the "bad") cholesterol, increases the risk of atherosclerosis and thus the risk of heart attack or strok
Atherosclerosis
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atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
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Lipids and lipoproteins play an important role in transporting cholesterol and fatty acids through the bloodstream. High levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol and low levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol are linked to cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes. Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that vary in size and density depending on their lipid content. They include chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL. While cholesterol is needed for cell membrane structure and hormone production, excess LDL cholesterol can build up in artery walls and restrict blood flow. Maintaining healthy lipid and lipoprotein levels is important for heart health.
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This document summarizes research on lipoproteins and their role in transporting lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream. It discusses that lipoproteins are composed of lipids and proteins that form complexes to carry fatty substances. It classifies major lipoproteins like LDL, HDL, and VLDL according to their density and predominant lipids. High LDL and low HDL are risk factors for heart disease as they influence cholesterol levels and plaque buildup in arteries. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of cholesterol as well as effects of different fatty acids on serum cholesterol levels.
Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperlipidemia is high levels of lipids in the blood. The document discusses hyperlipidemia including types of lipids in the body, lipoproteins, causes of hyperlipidemia, diagnosis, and management. Specifically, it covers primary and secondary causes, Frederickson classification of lipid disorders, diagnostic tests and criteria, physical signs, lifestyle management including diet and exercise, and drug therapies such as statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid, and bile acid sequestrants.
lipid-lowering drugs
1) Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of fatty plaques in arteries and is a leading cause of death. High cholesterol and blood pressure are major risk factors.
2) Statins are commonly used to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. They reduce cardiovascular events but can cause side effects like muscle damage.
3) Fibrates lower triglycerides and raise HDL cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk, especially in patients with high triglycerides or diabetes. They carry risks of muscle and liver problems.
heart disease lipid profile.pdf
Heart Disease Lipid
Profile: Lipid profile test
for Heart disease
Heart Disease Lipid Profile
Heart Disease Lipid Profile: Heart disease has many symptoms that
may be hard to spot and differentiate from other illnesses. However,
lipids can help you identify if a person has heart disease in the first
place. Find out the warning signs of high cholesterol which is a good
indicator of suffering from heart disease.
Also read: Heart Disease Lab Tests: Blood tests to determine the
risk of heart disease
Cardiovascular Disease: Heart Disease
Lipid Profile
Cardiovascular disease are a group of diseases that affect the heart
and blood vessels. While there is no one magic pill to preventing
cardiovascular disease, maintaining a healthy lipid profile can help
reduce your risk. One of the most important things you can do to
maintain a healthy lipid profile is to reduce your intake of unhealthy
fats. This means avoiding processed foods, saturated fats, and
cholesterol-rich foods. Instead, focus on eating whole grains, fruits,
vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. You can also try taking
omega-3 supplements to promote heart health.
If you have cardiovascular disease or are at risk for it, talk to your
doctor about ways to maintain a healthy lipid profile. The
cardiovascular disease lipid profile is a critical component of
cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Dyslipidemia,
including high levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol,
and elevated blood pressure, is an important risk factor for vascular
disease and stroke. A lipid profile can help identify which patients are
at highest risk for developing these conditions and can provide
targeted therapy to lower their risk of heart disease.
High-risk cardiovascular disease (HRCD) refers to a group of
conditions that increase the risk of developing a heart attack or stroke.
While there is no one cause for HRCD, factors that increase your high
risk heart disease include: smoking, high blood pressure, obesity,
diabetes, and age. If you have any of the conditions listed above, it’s
important to get screened for HRCD.
Also read: Heart disease leg swelling: Warning signs for hearts
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
There are many cardiovascular disease risk factors, but knowing
which ones apply to you is the key to reducing your chances of
developing heart disease or cardiovascular events. Here are five of
the most important high cvd risks:
1. Smoking: Smoking cigarettes is one of the biggest risk factors for
Heart Disease. It increases your chance of getting heart disease by up
to 50%. Quitting smoking can help lower your cardiovascular risk
profile by up to 90%.
2. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases your cardiovascular
event risk. Obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI)
greater than 30 kg/m2. Having a BMI over 40 kg/m2 puts you at a very
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lipid transport,lipoprotein metabolism, by dr.Tasnim
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood that is needed for the body's functions but can accumulate and cause health issues. There are two main types - LDL (bad) cholesterol which raises the risk for heart disease when levels are too high, and HDL (good) cholesterol which helps remove LDL from arteries. Cholesterol levels are affected by diet, physical activity, smoking, and genetics. Maintaining optimal total cholesterol under 200 mg/dL, LDL under 100 mg/dL, and HDL over 60 mg/dL can help lower heart disease risk.
New microsoft word document (2)
Lipoproteins are biochemical assemblies containing both lipids and proteins that enable fats like triglycerides and cholesterol to be transported around the body in the bloodstream. Examples include HDL and LDL lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries due to factors like high cholesterol, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to heart attack, stroke or other issues if left untreated. Treatments for atherosclerosis focus on lifestyle changes and medications to control risk factors and cholesterol levels, or procedures like angioplasty or endarterectomy in severe cases.
Cardiovascular disease risk in Rheumatic Diseases
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Lipids and associated disorders_121206.pptx
High levels of LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein a in the bloodstream, along with conditions like diabetes and hypothyroidism, can lead to the development of atherosclerosis over time. Atherosclerosis occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the arteries in the form of plaque. This plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow. If a plaque breaks off a coronary artery, it can cause a heart attack. Blood tests can detect high LDL and lipoprotein a levels, and low HDL, as markers for risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Lifestyle changes like exercise, diet, weight control and limiting alcohol/saturated fats can help lower cholesterol and reduce risk.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
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Heart Disease Lipid
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may be hard to spot and differentiate from other illnesses. However,
lipids can help you identify if a person has heart disease in the first
place. Find out the warning signs of high cholesterol which is a good
indicator of suffering from heart disease.
Also read: Heart Disease Lab Tests: Blood tests to determine the
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Cardiovascular disease are a group of diseases that affect the heart
and blood vessels. While there is no one magic pill to preventing
cardiovascular disease, maintaining a healthy lipid profile can help
reduce your risk. One of the most important things you can do to
maintain a healthy lipid profile is to reduce your intake of unhealthy
fats. This means avoiding processed foods, saturated fats, and
cholesterol-rich foods. Instead, focus on eating whole grains, fruits,
vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. You can also try taking
omega-3 supplements to promote heart health.
If you have cardiovascular disease or are at risk for it, talk to your
doctor about ways to maintain a healthy lipid profile. The
cardiovascular disease lipid profile is a critical component of
cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Dyslipidemia,
including high levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol,
and elevated blood pressure, is an important risk factor for vascular
disease and stroke. A lipid profile can help identify which patients are
at highest risk for developing these conditions and can provide
targeted therapy to lower their risk of heart disease.
High-risk cardiovascular disease (HRCD) refers to a group of
conditions that increase the risk of developing a heart attack or stroke.
While there is no one cause for HRCD, factors that increase your high
risk heart disease include: smoking, high blood pressure, obesity,
diabetes, and age. If you have any of the conditions listed above, it’s
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which ones apply to you is the key to reducing your chances of
developing heart disease or cardiovascular events. Here are five of
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1. Smoking: Smoking cigarettes is one of the biggest risk factors for
Heart Disease. It increases your chance of getting heart disease by up
to 50%. Quitting smoking can help lower your cardiovascular risk
profile by up to 90%.
2. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases your cardiovascular
event risk. Obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI)
greater than 30 kg/m2. Having a BMI over 40 kg/m2 puts you at a very
high risk for heart disease. A healthy BMI is 18-25 kg/m2.
3. High blood pressure: High blood pressure is a common problem
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lipid transport,lipoprotein metabolism, by dr.Tasnim
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Recently uploaded
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Reaching the age of Adolescence- Class 8
This is a presentation on understanding the age of adolescence.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Recently uploaded (20)
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
blood lipids.docx
- 1. Blood Lipids Blood lipids are essential energy providers as their breakdown releases large amounts of ATP. Cholesterol is important for all body cells to maintain their plasma membranes, serves as waterproofing for the epidermis and is a key component of bile, a precursor of steroid hormones and vitamin D. However, a high level of total cholesterol linked to a high LDL level is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the future. Blood lipid profile is therefore a commonly used test offered for everyone over 40 years of age as a routine cardiovascular health check. In the UK, cholesterol:HDL ratio along with other risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, certain chronic illnesses, high blood pressure or raised BMI is used by most doctors to estimate the risk of developing myocardial infarction or stroke in the next 10 years. In the case of elevated LDL and low HDL levels excess cholesterol in peripheral tissues cannot be returned to the liver for excretion. It accumulates preferentially in atheromatous lesions, together with macrophages and other inflammatory cells forming the core of atherosclerotic plaque. The small size of LDL particles and low resistance against oxidative modifications is associated with atherosclerosis. In familiar hypercholesterolaemia genetic mutations determine the reduced number of cell membrane receptors for LDL leading to elevated plasma LDL. By targeting hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, statins reduce cholesterol biosynthesis, ultimately reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.