The document discusses the ideology of realism, which emphasizes that knowledge is gained through sense perception and is rooted in the physical world. It outlines basic principles of realism, including the significance of practical life, the importance of scientific education, and the opposition to idealism. Additionally, it highlights the merits and demerits of realism in education, stating its contributions to bridging the gap between life and education through experimentation and observation.

1. REALISM

2. Introduction
Ideology of Realism
What we canperceiveusingoursenseorgansis
real
It startedfrom16th centuryanddevelopedin17th
century
Realism –philosophy of commonsenseand
philosophy of science

3. Meaningof Realism
The word ‘Real’— object which can
be perceived
This conceptwhich is related with the
existence of thoughts concernedwiththings
The knowledge gained by sense organsalone
is true,which is physicallypresentbefore our
eyes

4. Formsof Realism
Humanistic Realism
SocialRealism
Sense Realism
Neo Realism

5. Basic principles
Man is a part of physical world
Sense organs as the entry points
Significance of practical life
 Opposition to idealism
Truth of phenomenal world
Emphasis on observation and experiment
Man is a part of material world
Everything that exists in the universe is a matter
of energy or matter in motion
Truth can be discovered by scientific methods
Age and ability decides the type of curriculum

6. Characteristics
Realismemphasize
 Usefulandpurposive education
 Scientificeducation
 Presentlife
 Oppositionof bookishknowledge
 Limitedfreedomto thelearner
 Trainingof sinceorgans
 Significanceto individual andscalability

7. Aim
Preparingthe students for apracticallife
Knowledgeof nature andsociety
Vocationalguidance
Happy and successfullife
Mental andphysicalabilities
Trainingof senseorgans

8. Merits
 Education should be practical and
utilitarian
 Gave importance to scientificsubjects
 Inductive heuristicexperimentalmethods
 Impressionistic and emancipatory
discipline is accepte
 Emphasized on objectivity
Systematic organization of teaching and
learning
 Use of standardized test

9. Demerits
Ignores imagination, feeling, emotion,
and sentiments
Neglects – study of arts, humanities,
and literature which are essential
for aesthetic development
Does not give importance to ideals and
values

10. Conclusion
 Twomain contributionsof education
It triedto removethe gulf between the lifeandeducation
It propounded the principleofexperimentation
andobservationin education
It wasrealismthat first introducedthe thoughtthat the
organsare the doorway of knowledgeandthe knowledge
canbegainedthroughthe inductivemethod
Realeducation– bringsabout unionbetweennature
andsocietybaseduponone’sown experience