Realism is a philosophy that views the world as real and material. It originated from Greek philosophy. Major proponents include Francis Bacon, John Locke, Aristotle, Aquinas. Realism in education aims to prepare students for real life through practical curriculum focusing on basics, using structured teaching methods like Herbart's five steps. The teacher's role is to have subject knowledge and inspire students. However, critiques say it overemphasizes the physical world neglecting imagination and ideals.

1. REALISMREALISM
World is a realWorld is a real

2. REALISMREALISM
• Like idealism, realism is one of the oldest
philosophies in Western culture.
• Realism derived from a Greek word, “Res"
which means real.
• The world is real and material.

3. Modern DevelopmentModern Development
Francis BaconFrancis Bacon
• He claimed to take all knowledge as his field
of investigation.
• Perhaps his most famous work is Novum
Organum.
• Bacon believed “knowledge is power,” and it
was through the acquisition of knowledge that
we could more effectively deal with the
problems.

4. John LockeJohn Locke
• Locke how we develop knowledge.
• For Locke, there are no such things as innate
ideas.
• At birth the mind is like a blank sheet of paper,
a tabula rasa, upon which ideas are imprinted.
In this way, all knowledge is obtained from the
free sources of mind.

5. Classical tradition
• According to Aristotle, ideas (or form), such as the
idea of god or the idea of a tree, can exist without
matter, but there can be no matter without form.
Sound comes from things that exist.
• For example; a falling tree makes sound. Therefore,
tree exists
• Aristotle's Concept of the Four Causes:
• The Material Cause
• The Formal Cause
• The Efficient Cause
• The Final Cause

6. Difference between Plato andDifference between Plato and
Aristotle;Aristotle;
• Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
– Should study matter.
– Logical reasoning through his relevance.
• Plato (428-347 B.C.)
– Most study ideas.
– Truth and logic through the logical discussion.

7. Religious RealismReligious Realism
• According to Aquinas, God created matter out
of nothing and God is the unmoved mover
who gives meaning and purpose to the
universe.
• Primary agencies of education are family,
God, and state, respectively.

8. Realism as a philosophy ofRealism as a philosophy of
EducationEducation
• Aims of Education
• Methods of Education
• Curriculum
• Role of Teacher

9. Aims of educationAims of education
• Preparing the child for a happy and successful
life.
• Developing the physical and mental powers of
child.
• Imparting vocational education.
• Developing and training of senses.
• Preparing the child for a real life.
• Character Development.

10. Methods of EducationMethods of Education
• Herbart developed a five-step method as follows:
– Preparation, Presentation, Association,
Generalization, Application
• Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation.
• Supports formal ways of teaching.
• Children should be given positive rewards (Locke).
• Scientific research and development.
• Precision and order: ringing bells, time periods, daily
lesson plans, and prepackaged curriculum materials.

11. CurriculumCurriculum
• According to Locke, in agreement that studies be
practical and useful.
• Locke emphasized the educational value of play and
physical activity.
• He believed that children should spend much time in
the open air.
• He focused his attention upon the complete person.
• Locke was the first to use images in the educational
process.

12. Role of TeacherRole of Teacher
• The teacher according to realist is expected to have a
full knowledge of the content and needs of the
students.
• Should have knowledge of child psychology &
should have undergone training.
• Prepares the students to receive new information.
• Inspires and encourages the student sympathetically.

13. Realism in the ClassroomRealism in the Classroom
• Focuses on the basics of reading, writing and
arithmetic.
• Classroom environment is highly structured
and organized.
• Utilization of standardized testing.
• Education should be fun and interesting for the
student.
• Education should prepare students for life in
the real world.

14. Critique of Realism in EducationCritique of Realism in Education
• Great stress upon physical world.
• Realism accepts real needs and real feelings
only. It doesn't believe in imagination and
sentiments.
• Realism emphasizes on scientific subjects and
neglects art and literature. This creates
imbalanced curriculum.
• Doesn't give any importance to ideals and
values.