Realism is a philosophy that believes reality exists independently of human minds. It focuses on physical objects and truth that can be observed. Realists believe we can understand reality through careful observation and experimentation. Aristotle was an early proponent of realism, believing forms of objects do not change and logic is needed to reason about the physical world. In education, realism emphasizes teaching facts, basic skills, and practical knowledge through demonstration and recitation, with a focus on science, math, and standardized curricula.

1. REALISM : Prepared by:
Nathalie Gaile Pantoja

2.  The term realism come from the Latin “realists” who is to be really, really real
 It is a philosophy that assumes that there is a real external world can be
recognized
 It is an approach to life that means dealing with the way things are. If you see
the world through the lens of realism, you accept what's in front of you and don't
pretend it's otherwise.
TWO ASPECTS OF REALISM:
A.) The nature of universal concepts
B.) Knowledge of objects in the world
DEFINITION OF REALISM

3. WHAT IS THEIR
PHILOSOPHY?* Realists believe that reality exists
independent of the human mind.
* The ultimate reality is the world of physical
objects.
* The focus is on the body/objects.
* Truth is objective-what can be observed.
* Realism is an approach to life that means
dealing with the way things are.
* Character Development:
 Establish high standards and increased rigor and hold
students accountable
 Emphasize practical knowledge that will prepare
students for the world of work

4. ARISTOTLE
- Father of Realism
- In this metaphysical view, the aim is to understand objective
reality through "the diligent and unsparing scrutiny of all
observable data."
- He believed that to understand an object, its ultimate form had
to be understood, which does not change.
- He was the first to teach logic as a formal discipline in order to
be able to reason about physical events and aspects.
- The exercise of rational thought is viewed as the ultimate
purpose for humankind

5. NATURE OF REALITY
-Objective or subjective
- What you see is what you get; if you can't
see it or touch it, it doesn't really exist.
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?
- Correspondence and sensation (as we see it)
VALUES
-training in rules of conduct

6. TEACHER'S ROLE
• should be a subject matter expert.
• should be able to present material in an organized and systematic way.
• should be able to explain the lesson objectives in a way that is understandable to the learner.
• should be able to effectively assess students in such a way that all students are challenged
and motivated to learn.
• should understand current research and technology and be able to utilize it in the classroom.
METHOD
- Teaching methods focus on mastery of facts and basic skills through
demonstration and recitation. Students must also demonstrate the
ability to think critically and scientifically, using observation and
experimentation.
- Theories use to explain the social world

7. EMPHASIS ON CURRICULUM
 Emphasizes the subject matter of the physical world, particularly
science and mathematics.
 Should be scientifically approached, standardized, and distinct-
discipline based. Character is developed through training in the rules
of conduct.
 Should be practical and useful
Curricula should concentrate on the “Basics” and avoid fads and frills.
Curricula should be highly organized, correlated and aligned
throughout the scope and sequence offered by schools
Curricula should be based upon pre-established standards and
criteria.
Curricula should be “experiential” whenever possible