Reading history
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Man evolved from using grunts and gestures to communicate, to developing oral and written languages. Early forms of writing included rock paintings and cuneiform scripts. The Egyptians invented hieroglyphics and papyrus paper. The Phoenicians further developed the alphabet, which was then adopted by the Greeks and Romans. Today, reading takes different forms for 21st century learners.
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HISTORY OF READING
The document traces the evolution of writing from early pictographs to modern alphabetic writing systems. It begins with the Sumerians developing the first writing system of wedge-shaped strokes around 3000 BC. Over thousands of years, other civilizations developed their own systems including hieroglyphics in Egypt and an alphabet of consonants by the Phoenicians. The Greeks later added vowels, creating an alphabet still used today. Punctuation, lowercase letters, and spaces between words were later refinements that increased readability and standardized written languages.
Msc 7
The document traces the history and evolution of reading from early humans using gestures and oral language to communicate, to the development of written symbols and early forms of writing. It describes some of the earliest forms of writing including Old Stone Age rock paintings, Sumerian cuneiform tablets, Egyptian hieroglyphics carved in stone and painted on papyrus, as well as alphabets developed by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. The Phoenician alphabet, in particular, contributed greatly to ancient civilizations and became the basis for modern writing systems due to its simplicity and adoption by other peoples.
History of reading
The document discusses the origins and early history of human communication and writing. It states that the first modern humans appeared around 100,000 years ago and used grunts and gestures to convey messages. Some of the earliest forms of writing developed around 4000 BC with the Sumerian logographs and cuneiform scripts. Egyptian hieroglyphics carved into stone structures dated back to around 3000 BC. The Phoenician alphabet from 2000 BC contained only consonants. The Greek alphabet from 1000 BC was a major development as it added vowels and became the basis for modern European manuscripts.
Brief history of reading
- Spoken language has existed for over 6 million years while reading, the ability to understand written symbols, is only around 6,000 years old.
- Aristotle recognized the difference between spoken and written language, noting that spoken words symbolize mental experiences while written words symbolize spoken words.
- Over history, humans have developed various writing systems to represent spoken language including logographs, hieroglyphics, alphabets, punctuation, lowercase letters, and spacing between words to aid reading.
- LiveInk is a new technology that analyzes text attributes and presents the information in a way that helps the eye and mind build meaning, representing the most significant advancement in readability in the past 1,000 years.
History of writing
This document provides a history of writing, beginning with early cave paintings over 30,000 years ago. Around 4100-3800 BCE, tokens began to represent records of land and cattle in Mesopotamia, marking the beginnings of a written language. The Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed one of the earliest writing systems around 3,000 BCE using pictographs inscribed in clay that eventually became the cuneiform script. They kept records and developed laws, calendars, and the first city-states. Egyptian hieroglyphs also emerged around 3100 BCE as pictures that represented sounds. Semitic peoples adopted Sumerian signs, while the Phoenician alphabet influenced Greek and ultimately Latin and Cyrillic
Science and technology of ancient civilizations
1. Egypt is among the oldest civilizations, located in North Africa along the Nile River. Early settlements began around 5500 BCE as nomadic groups sought water and began farming.
2. The Egyptians had advanced knowledge in astronomy, using instruments to accurately align structures like the Great Pyramids. They also had a 365 day calendar system divided into three seasons.
3. Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great and grew to be a major center of learning and science, attracting scholars from across the Mediterranean. It declined after the rise of Christianity and wars between Christian Byzantines and Muslim Arabs.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
This document provides an overview of key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization:
1) Egyptian civilization flourished along the Nile River valley with agriculture as the economic backbone. Weaving and glass production were also important crafts.
2) Kings were known as pharaohs, with Tutankhamun as one famous example. Mummies were preserved corpses and pyramids served as tombs housing mummies.
3) Hieroglyphics was their form of sacred writing recorded using papyrus leaves. The Egyptians also made advances in science, mathematics, and timekeeping through innovations like the solar calendar, sundial, and water clock.
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HISTORY OF READING
The document traces the evolution of writing from early pictographs to modern alphabetic writing systems. It begins with the Sumerians developing the first writing system of wedge-shaped strokes around 3000 BC. Over thousands of years, other civilizations developed their own systems including hieroglyphics in Egypt and an alphabet of consonants by the Phoenicians. The Greeks later added vowels, creating an alphabet still used today. Punctuation, lowercase letters, and spaces between words were later refinements that increased readability and standardized written languages.
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The document traces the history and evolution of reading from early humans using gestures and oral language to communicate, to the development of written symbols and early forms of writing. It describes some of the earliest forms of writing including Old Stone Age rock paintings, Sumerian cuneiform tablets, Egyptian hieroglyphics carved in stone and painted on papyrus, as well as alphabets developed by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. The Phoenician alphabet, in particular, contributed greatly to ancient civilizations and became the basis for modern writing systems due to its simplicity and adoption by other peoples.
History of reading
The document discusses the origins and early history of human communication and writing. It states that the first modern humans appeared around 100,000 years ago and used grunts and gestures to convey messages. Some of the earliest forms of writing developed around 4000 BC with the Sumerian logographs and cuneiform scripts. Egyptian hieroglyphics carved into stone structures dated back to around 3000 BC. The Phoenician alphabet from 2000 BC contained only consonants. The Greek alphabet from 1000 BC was a major development as it added vowels and became the basis for modern European manuscripts.
Brief history of reading
- Spoken language has existed for over 6 million years while reading, the ability to understand written symbols, is only around 6,000 years old.
- Aristotle recognized the difference between spoken and written language, noting that spoken words symbolize mental experiences while written words symbolize spoken words.
- Over history, humans have developed various writing systems to represent spoken language including logographs, hieroglyphics, alphabets, punctuation, lowercase letters, and spacing between words to aid reading.
- LiveInk is a new technology that analyzes text attributes and presents the information in a way that helps the eye and mind build meaning, representing the most significant advancement in readability in the past 1,000 years.
History of writing
This document provides a history of writing, beginning with early cave paintings over 30,000 years ago. Around 4100-3800 BCE, tokens began to represent records of land and cattle in Mesopotamia, marking the beginnings of a written language. The Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed one of the earliest writing systems around 3,000 BCE using pictographs inscribed in clay that eventually became the cuneiform script. They kept records and developed laws, calendars, and the first city-states. Egyptian hieroglyphs also emerged around 3100 BCE as pictures that represented sounds. Semitic peoples adopted Sumerian signs, while the Phoenician alphabet influenced Greek and ultimately Latin and Cyrillic
Science and technology of ancient civilizations
1. Egypt is among the oldest civilizations, located in North Africa along the Nile River. Early settlements began around 5500 BCE as nomadic groups sought water and began farming.
2. The Egyptians had advanced knowledge in astronomy, using instruments to accurately align structures like the Great Pyramids. They also had a 365 day calendar system divided into three seasons.
3. Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great and grew to be a major center of learning and science, attracting scholars from across the Mediterranean. It declined after the rise of Christianity and wars between Christian Byzantines and Muslim Arabs.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
This document provides an overview of key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization:
1) Egyptian civilization flourished along the Nile River valley with agriculture as the economic backbone. Weaving and glass production were also important crafts.
2) Kings were known as pharaohs, with Tutankhamun as one famous example. Mummies were preserved corpses and pyramids served as tombs housing mummies.
3) Hieroglyphics was their form of sacred writing recorded using papyrus leaves. The Egyptians also made advances in science, mathematics, and timekeeping through innovations like the solar calendar, sundial, and water clock.
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The Origin of the Alphabet
1) The document discusses the origins of the alphabet, proposing that it was invented in Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III in the 18th century BCE.
2) It suggests that migrant workers known as Habiru, who were living in Egypt at sites like Avaris and Wadi-el-Hol, developed the first alphabet by associating Egyptian hieroglyphs with the sounds of Canaanite words.
3) Evidence for this comes from an inscription found at the temple of the goddess Hathor at Serabit el-Khadem in the Sinai, which associates early alphabetical letters with Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Ancient literature
The document provides an overview of ancient literature from different parts of the world, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, and Greece. It discusses some of the earliest and most influential works, such as the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the Epic of Gilgamesh, writings from Confucius and Laozi in China, and the epics and plays of Homer, Hesiod, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides in Greece. The document emphasizes how these classical works shaped later literature and thought.
Early Civilizations
Early civilizations developed along major river valleys, where surplus food allowed for other occupations. Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China saw advances in irrigation, farming tools, and trade. Egyptian society stratified into social classes led by pharaohs and nobles. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, influencing modern law. Egyptians excelled at architecture, art, and trade under Queen Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great. The Kush civilization in Nubia influenced and was influenced by Egypt over centuries.
History of Writing
The earliest known forms of writing began as naturalistic cave paintings of animals and people. Early civilizations like the Harappa-Mohenjodaro cultures in 3300-2000 BC used seals for trade that were impressed onto clay tags or ceramics. Sumerians created one of the earliest written scripts called cuneiform over 5000 years ago by pressing pictograms into wet clay tablets that were later baked. Various ancient cultures developed their own writing systems, including hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt and palm leaf manuscripts in Tamil culture. The printing press was invented in the 15th century, allowing mass production of texts like the Gutenberg Bible.
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Invention of writing
The invention of writing began as early as the late Neolithic period when records were kept using tokens to track transactions. As cities and trade grew, the Mesopotamians developed the first system of writing using wedge-shaped marks known as cuneiform impressed onto clay tablets. Around 3000 BC, the Sumerians invented cuneiform and Egyptians developed hieroglyphics, possibly inspired by the Sumerians. Various other early writing systems also developed independently in locations like the Indus Valley, China, and Mesoamerica. Over time, most systems transitioned to alphabetic scripts while Chinese writing remains primarily logographic.
Historia de la escritura
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The Phoenician Civilization
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Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics originated as a sacred writing system used since around 3000 BC, combining alphabetic, logographic, and ideographic elements. It was used by priests, scribes, and educated citizens in different scripts until being replaced by Coptic in the 4th century AD. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, had the key to decrypting hieroglyphics by bearing a decree in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphic. It was deciphered in 1822, unlocking understanding of ancient Egyptian writings.
Origins of Alphabets
The alphabet has its origins in ancient writing systems developed independently in Egypt and Mesopotamia, including hieroglyphics and cuneiform, which represented words rather than individual sounds. The Phoenicians developed the first true alphabet around 3500 BC, using symbols to represent consonant sounds. The Greeks later adapted this alphabet, adding vowels, and their alphabet is the origin of our term. The Latin alphabet descended from the Greek through the Etruscans and Romans, and ultimately spread throughout Europe as the Roman Empire fell.
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The document traces the origins and development of reading throughout human history. It begins with early humans communicating through grunts, gestures, and oral language. As civilization advanced, various writing systems were developed to convey messages over long distances, including pictographs, cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and alphabetic scripts on materials like stone, clay tablets, papyrus, leather, and paper. The Phoenicians are credited with developing the first true alphabet that served as the basis for modern writing systems due to its simplicity and adaptability. The timeline shows how reading evolved from early symbolic representations to the structured alphabets still used worldwide today.
HISTORY OF READING.pdf: AN INTRODUCTION TO READING AND WRITING
The document traces the evolution of writing from early pictographs to modern alphabetic writing systems. It begins with the Sumerians developing the first writing system of wedge-shaped symbols around 4000 BC. Over thousands of years, various civilizations developed their own writing styles, with the Phoenicians creating the first alphabet of consonants around 2000 BC. Major advances included the Greeks adding vowels around 1000 BC and punctuation appearing around 200 BC. Spaces between words and lowercase letters were innovations from medieval scribes around 900 AD, completing the major upgrades to writing systems over the past 5,000 years.
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The Origin of the Alphabet
1) The document discusses the origins of the alphabet, proposing that it was invented in Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III in the 18th century BCE.
2) It suggests that migrant workers known as Habiru, who were living in Egypt at sites like Avaris and Wadi-el-Hol, developed the first alphabet by associating Egyptian hieroglyphs with the sounds of Canaanite words.
3) Evidence for this comes from an inscription found at the temple of the goddess Hathor at Serabit el-Khadem in the Sinai, which associates early alphabetical letters with Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Ancient literature
The document provides an overview of ancient literature from different parts of the world, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, and Greece. It discusses some of the earliest and most influential works, such as the Egyptian Book of the Dead, the Epic of Gilgamesh, writings from Confucius and Laozi in China, and the epics and plays of Homer, Hesiod, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides in Greece. The document emphasizes how these classical works shaped later literature and thought.
Early Civilizations
Early civilizations developed along major river valleys, where surplus food allowed for other occupations. Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China saw advances in irrigation, farming tools, and trade. Egyptian society stratified into social classes led by pharaohs and nobles. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, influencing modern law. Egyptians excelled at architecture, art, and trade under Queen Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great. The Kush civilization in Nubia influenced and was influenced by Egypt over centuries.
History of Writing
The earliest known forms of writing began as naturalistic cave paintings of animals and people. Early civilizations like the Harappa-Mohenjodaro cultures in 3300-2000 BC used seals for trade that were impressed onto clay tags or ceramics. Sumerians created one of the earliest written scripts called cuneiform over 5000 years ago by pressing pictograms into wet clay tablets that were later baked. Various ancient cultures developed their own writing systems, including hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt and palm leaf manuscripts in Tamil culture. The printing press was invented in the 15th century, allowing mass production of texts like the Gutenberg Bible.
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The document provides background information on Greek drama and the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. It discusses that Sophocles was a Greek playwright born in 496 BC near Athens who wrote around 113 plays, of which only 7 survive. It then covers the origins of Greek drama stemming from religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the development of theatre infrastructure, and key characteristics of Greek plays like being performed outdoors and involving masks and a chorus. The document concludes by outlining some of the main characters in Oedipus Rex like Oedipus, Jocasta, and Creon, as well as important plot elements involving prophecies by the Oracle at Delphi and the Sphinx.
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by Shara May Anacay
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Submitted to:
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Invention of writing
The invention of writing began as early as the late Neolithic period when records were kept using tokens to track transactions. As cities and trade grew, the Mesopotamians developed the first system of writing using wedge-shaped marks known as cuneiform impressed onto clay tablets. Around 3000 BC, the Sumerians invented cuneiform and Egyptians developed hieroglyphics, possibly inspired by the Sumerians. Various other early writing systems also developed independently in locations like the Indus Valley, China, and Mesoamerica. Over time, most systems transitioned to alphabetic scripts while Chinese writing remains primarily logographic.
Historia de la escritura
La escritura más antigua se desarrolló en Mesopotamia como la escritura cuneiforme, que fue inventada por los sumerios para llevar registros de agricultura y ganadería. Las principales formas tempranas de escritura incluyen la escritura cuneiforme, jeroglíficos egipcios, escritura china, jeroglíficos mexicanos y escritura maya. La escritura cuneiforme se escribía en tablillas de arcilla con cuñas, los jeroglíficos egipci
The Phoenician Civilization
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.
Chinese mythology
Chinese mythology developed from a mix of religious and philosophical ideals such as Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. It features creation stories explaining how the universe and world came to be through gods and mythological figures. One influential story is Journey to the West, about the monkey king Sun Wukong who rebels against heaven and accompanies a monk on a journey incorporating Chinese folklore and wisdom. These myths laid the foundation for modern Chinese culture and influenced other forms of media like video games, anime, and television shows through characters and concepts.
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Slides on the origin of writing, tokens, clay envelopes, cuneiform, pictographs, logograms, and other matters related to early forms of writing and inscription.
Art Appreciation: Prehistoric & Ancient Mediterranean
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This document provides information on various topics related to Egyptian history, culture, and literature. It discusses important historical sites and monuments in Egypt like the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Egyptian Museum, Abu Simbel, and Pyramids of Giza. It also covers Egyptian art, architecture, and religious practices during different dynastic periods. Furthermore, it summarizes the development of Egyptian literature from ancient hieroglyphs to modern novels and how Arabic literature flourished under Islamic rule.
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Ancient Hieroglyphics
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics originated as a sacred writing system used since around 3000 BC, combining alphabetic, logographic, and ideographic elements. It was used by priests, scribes, and educated citizens in different scripts until being replaced by Coptic in the 4th century AD. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, had the key to decrypting hieroglyphics by bearing a decree in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphic. It was deciphered in 1822, unlocking understanding of ancient Egyptian writings.
Origins of Alphabets
The alphabet has its origins in ancient writing systems developed independently in Egypt and Mesopotamia, including hieroglyphics and cuneiform, which represented words rather than individual sounds. The Phoenicians developed the first true alphabet around 3500 BC, using symbols to represent consonant sounds. The Greeks later adapted this alphabet, adding vowels, and their alphabet is the origin of our term. The Latin alphabet descended from the Greek through the Etruscans and Romans, and ultimately spread throughout Europe as the Roman Empire fell.
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Appreciation involves recognizing and understanding good qualities or a situation. It is recognizing qualities without necessarily liking or loving something. Art appreciation involves acquiring knowledge about artworks through understanding vocabulary, concepts, themes, processes and materials, as well as the context of the artwork, in order to recognize the good qualities without requiring personal liking. The history of art appreciation developed alongside art history in the 19th century as a way to teach morals and refine sensibilities, initially among elite men but later becoming popular among women as well.
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This document defines arts and differentiates them from humanities. It discusses various mediums of arts including painting, sculpture, music, dance and poetry. Key points made include:
- Arts involve creative self-expression using mediums like colors, sounds and words.
- Humanities is the study of human experiences and uses arts to express these. It includes fields like literature, history and philosophy.
- Subjects of art can be representational, non-representational, realistic or abstract. They include landscapes, portraits and themes from history or religion.
- A wide range of mediums are used across visual, auditory and combined arts forms. Visual arts use materials like paint, clay and glass while music uses
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Reading history
- 2. “Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.” - Richard Sleete
- 3. “A man without books is as a body without a soul.” - Cicero
- 4. “The greatest gift is a passion for reading. It is cheap, it consoles, it excites, it gives you knowledge of the world and experience of a wide kind. It is a moral illumination.” - Elizabeth Hardwick
- 5. Let us look at the distant past…
- 6. • According to paleontologists who study fossils and other evidence of life on earth, as the first man lived in communities, he was a social being who communicated with his kind. • In the beginning, however, he employed grunts and body language using gestures and postures to convey his ideas and needs to others.
- 7. • Slowly, he developed oral language which enabled him to express more clearly the messages he wanted to convey. • In time, various circumstances such as the need to communicate to others who are distant in place caused man to devise symbols corresponding to his oral messages.
- 8. • The Old Stone Age rock painting and in the cuneiform are evidence of the earliest human act of picture-writing and reading.
- 9. • Egyptian civilization along the Nile River carved their pictorial symbols known as hieroglyphics on the stone wall of temples and tombs. • Egyptians also invented Paper derived from the Papyrus plant.
- 10. • But the greatest contribution to the progress of ancient civilization came from the Phoenicians who adopted and spread the use of letter-symbols of the alphabet. • Due to its simplicity, it was developed by other people such as by the Greeks and the Romans.
- 11. Trace back the history of reading and communication…
- 12. How is reading done by the 21st century learners?
- 13. Thank you!