It is about the concise history and origin of reading.

1. Brief History of
Reading
Reporters:
Sheldine R. Abuhan
Dianna Mae Albia

2. Spoken Language - natural form of human
communication over 6 million years old
Reading - ability to make sense of
written or printed symbols
- is an invention that is 6,000
years old

3. ARISTOTLE, the world’s first
psychologists, understood this
fundamental difference and
relationship between spoken
language and written language.
“Spoken words are the symbols
of mental experience, and written
words are the symbols of spoken
words”

4. Over history, humans have found
methods to represent their spoken
words with written symbols.
 4000 B.C
- Sumerian Logographs( first
writing )
- simply pictures of objects and
activities

5. Sumerian Logographs -- 4000 BC
Medium Message

6. - Meanwhile, the Egyptian
civilization carved their picture
symbols known as hyroglypics

7. - Egyptians also invented paper from
the papyrus plant on which they wrote
their signs with a reed pen and ink made
by mixing water, gum and soot

8. • 2000 B.C
- Phoenicians developed the first method to represent
spoken language
 an alphabet consisting
consonants only
SPKNWRDSRTHSYMBL
SFMNTLXPRNCNDWRT
TNWRDSRTHSYMBLSF
SPKNWRDS.

9. Phoenician Alphabet

10. • 1000 B.C
- the Greeks added vowels to the alphabet
- this is essentially the same alphabet we use
today
- considered one of humanity’s greatest
invention
SPOKENWORDSARETHES
YMBOLSOFMENTALEXPE
RIENCEANDWRITTENWO
RDSARETHESYMBOLSOF
SPOKENWORDS.

11. Phoenician Alphabet with vowels added by Greeks

12.  200 BC--Aristophanes' plays
add punctuation
About 1000 years later, in 200 BC, the next
major upgrade in writing appeared:
punctuation marks. Punctuation was first
observed in Alexandrian manuscripts of plays
written by Aristophanes.
SPOKENWORDSARETHESYMBO
LSOFMENTALEXPERIENCE,AND
WRITTENWORDSARETHESYMB
OLSOFSPOKENWORDS.

13.  700 AD--lower case
• Yet another 1000 years passed before the next
improvement in text, namely the invention of
lower case characters by Medieval Scribes.
Spokenwordsarethesymbolsofm
entalexperience,andwrittenword
sarethesymbolsofspokenwords.

14.  900 AD--spaces between
words.
About 1000 years ago, in 900 AD, the last major upgrade in text took
place: the insertion of spaces between words. Also developed by
Medieval Scribes, this invention made it possible, for the first time, for
the vast majority of readers to be able to read silently. Prior to this, most
readers had to read out loud in order to be able to read at all. The few
who could read text silently without these spaces between the words, like
Julius Caesar and St. Ambrose, were viewed as so extraordinary that this
ability is specifically recorded in historical records.
Spoken words are the symbols of mental
experience, and written words are the symbols of
spoken words.

15. For the past 1000 years, there has been essentially no
change in the formatting of text, the technology of spatially
symbolizing natural spoken language, whether one
considers the handwritten scripts of 900 AD, the Gutenberg
Bible of 1500 AD, or the EBook of 2000 AD.
1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD

16. 2000 AD--LiveInk®
 The great reading opportunity of electronic text is that digital content
can be read by a machine. This machine readability can be used to
analyze text for syntactic structure, grammatical attributes, word
difficulty, pronunciation attributes, and the like, and the results of this
analysis can then be used to give shape to the presentation of text,
using patterns that enable the eye and the mind to work together to
build meaning for the reader. The LiveInk method of attribute
extraction and varied presentation of text can be automatically
performed, and finally transforms Aristotle's sentence into this:
Spoken words
are the symbols
of mental experience,
and written words
are the symbols
of spoken words.

17. LiveInk represents the most fundamental advance in
the readability of text in the past 1000 years.

18. Thank You!