The Rawalpindi Group consists of the Murree Formation and Kamlial Formation located in northern Pakistan. The Murree Formation is composed mainly of dark red and purple clay and sandstone, ranging from 180-600m thick. It unconformably overlies Eocene formations and grades into the overlying Kamlial Formation. The Kamlial Formation consists of purple-grey sandstone and shale, ranging from 90-580m thick. It conformably underlies and overlies the Murree Formation and Chinji Formation respectively. Both formations were deposited in a fluviatile environment during the Early to Late Miocene period.
Its all about the summary of what geological episodes happened in the past that results in existence of Pakistan. And then discussion about main segments and main features of Pakistan.
Its all about the summary of what geological episodes happened in the past that results in existence of Pakistan. And then discussion about main segments and main features of Pakistan.
This document describes the Baluchistan basin of Pakistan.
stratigraphy, source rocks, reservoir rocks, seal rocks, trapping mechanism of Baluchistan basin.
thanks to my class fellow for help.
INTRODUCTION
The Indus Basin of Pakistan is divided into two parts i.e.
3
Lower Indus Basin and Upper Indus Basin. The Upper Indus
Basin is further divided by Sargodha high way into two parts.
Towards the east of the Sargodha highway in Potwar Plateau
and towards the west is Kohat Plateau. The region of the
North Punjab called as Potwar Plateau is bound in the South
by Salt range and in North by MBT as shown below.
This document describes the Baluchistan basin of Pakistan.
stratigraphy, source rocks, reservoir rocks, seal rocks, trapping mechanism of Baluchistan basin.
thanks to my class fellow for help.
INTRODUCTION
The Indus Basin of Pakistan is divided into two parts i.e.
3
Lower Indus Basin and Upper Indus Basin. The Upper Indus
Basin is further divided by Sargodha high way into two parts.
Towards the east of the Sargodha highway in Potwar Plateau
and towards the west is Kohat Plateau. The region of the
North Punjab called as Potwar Plateau is bound in the South
by Salt range and in North by MBT as shown below.
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Name: Probably used in the mineralogical sense by 1706 and originally "smicka" and from the Latin micare - to flash or glisten in allusion to the material's appearance. Isinglass predates the use of mica as a mineral term and known from at least 1535, but isinglass also referred to the matter from the sturgeon fish that also had pearly flakes from the scales.
Mica is widely distributed and occurs in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary regimes. Mica group represents 34 phyllosilicate minerals that exhibits a layered or platy structure. Commercially important mica minerals are muscovite (potash or white mica) and phlogopite (magnesium or amber mica). Granitic pegmatites are the source of muscovite sheet, while phlogopite is found in areas of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks into which pegmatite rich granite rocks have been intruded. It possesses highly perfect basal cleavage due to which it can easily and accurately split into very thin sheets or films of any specified thickness. It has a unique combination of elasticity, toughness, flexibility and transparency. It possesses resistance to heat and sudden change in temperature and high dielectric strength. It is chemically inert, stable and does not absorb water.
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Their occurrences vary from widespread stretches to small patches or pockets throughout the country. The distribution of various rocks are to be studied in Indian geography, Indian Geology, Economic Geography. mining geology, mineral exploration and applied geology in particular.
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2. Rawalpindi Group
The stratigraphic committee of Pakistan has approved the term
Rawalpindi Group after the Rawalpindi District, as proposed by
Pinfold 1964, for the rocks comprising “Murree Formation” and
“Kamlial Formation” in the Kohat-Potwar Province.
The group consists of alterations of sandstone and shale of fresh
water origin.
3. Muree Formation
The “Mari Group” of Wynne (1874), “Murree Beds” of Lydekker
(1876) and “Murree Series” of Pilgrim (1910) have been formally
named Murree Formation by stratigraphic committee of
Pakistan. The name is derived from Murree Hills in Rawalpindi
District.
A section exposed to the north of the Dhok Maiki in the
Cambellpur District has been designated as type section.
AFTER 1978 Cambellpur is renamed as Attock.
4. Muree Formation
• The formation is composed of monotonous (repetitive) sequence
of dark red and the purple clay and purple, grey and greenish grey
sandstone with subordinate intraformational conglomerate.
• The basal strata of the formation consists of light greenish grey
calcareous sandstone and conglomerate with abundant derived
Eocene larger foraminifers. This zone has been designated as
FatehJang Member, after the Fatehjang zone of Pilgrim.
5. Muree Formation
In Kohat area the formation has a higher percentage of
sandstone which is brown, greenish grey, in places purple and is
medium to coarse grained. The interbeds of hard siltstone, lenses
of conglomerate and purple to reddish brown shale are frequent.
It is upto 3030 m thick in the northern Potwar but thins out to
only 9m at Banda Daud shah in western Kohat.
The formation ranges in thickness between 180 and 600m in the
northern Salt Range.
6. Muree Formation
Throughout its extent, the formation unconformably overlies various
formations of Eocene age. Its upper contact is broadly transitional
with the Kamlial Formation.
The main body of the formation is poorly fossiliferous and only few
plant remains, silicified wood, fish remains frog and mammalian
bones have been recorded.
Environment: Fluviatile (produced by river)
Correlation: Gaj Formation of the Kirthar Geological Province
Early Miocene age is the age of formation.
7. Kamlial Formation
The “Kamlial beds” of Pinfold (1918) have been formally
established as Kamlial Formation by the Stratigraphic Committee
of Pakistan.
Type Locality is Southwest of Kamlial Village, Attock District
The formation consists of purple-grey and dark brick-red
sandstone which is medium to coarse grained and contains
interbeds of hard purple shale and yellow and purple
intraformational conglomerate.
8. Kamlial Formation
Thickness: At type locality, it is 90m thick. It is 580m thick at Shakardarra and 120-
300m thick in the Western Kohat.
Shahbazi, gupati fossils are present.
Formation is conformably underlain by Murree Formation (broadly transitional). At
places conformably underlain by the Sakesar Limestone.
Conformably overlain by Chinji Formation.
The formation is not encountered in the wells of Punjab Platform (where Siwaliks
directly overlie the Eocene rocks)
Environment is Fluviatile.
Age: Middle to Late Eocene