The document summarizes various rock formations observed along the Mansehra Balakot Road section over 4 days. It describes the Tanawal Formation as consisting of quartz schist, quartzite and conglomerate. The Mansehra granite observed contains two-mica granite with quartz and feldspar grains displaying a porphyritic texture. Intruded dolerite dykes are also noted. The contact between the Tanawal Formation and overlying Abbotabad Formation is unconformable. Fossils found in the Abbotabad Formation indicate a lower Cambrian age. The Murree Formation consists of sandstone, shale and red clays, and overlies various formations of Eocene age.
Geology and Stratigraphy of Hazara,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road PakistanHammad Ahmad Sheikh
A detail field report on Stratigraphy of the the Hazara Basin,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road.
Beside this there is a detailed description on the Drilling Rig and working and One day visit to Tarbela Dam.
Geology and Stratigraphy of Hazara,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road PakistanHammad Ahmad Sheikh
A detail field report on Stratigraphy of the the Hazara Basin,Mansehra and Oghi Khaki Road.
Beside this there is a detailed description on the Drilling Rig and working and One day visit to Tarbela Dam.
Geological Field report on Salt Range and Hazara AreaHamzaGujjar14
The Salt Range, unique field museum of Pakistan located south of Potwar Plateau. The World's second largest Salt mine is also located in this Range. It is the main supplier of Salt, Gypsum and Coal. Geological field report on Salt Range includes the history of formation of Salt Range when Indian Plate was movie towards North and collided with Eurasian plate, Geological structures and Formations of Eastern and Central Salt Range and Economical Importance of salt Range. Moreover in this report I also explained all formations of Hazara area and salt range.
A descriptive slides for metamorphism associated within Himalaya with different case studies and model. The slide gives a background to types of metamorphism and emphasis on pre, post collision metamorphism.
This is the slide presented to Tribhuvan University for completion of assignment
Geological Field report on Salt Range and Hazara AreaHamzaGujjar14
The Salt Range, unique field museum of Pakistan located south of Potwar Plateau. The World's second largest Salt mine is also located in this Range. It is the main supplier of Salt, Gypsum and Coal. Geological field report on Salt Range includes the history of formation of Salt Range when Indian Plate was movie towards North and collided with Eurasian plate, Geological structures and Formations of Eastern and Central Salt Range and Economical Importance of salt Range. Moreover in this report I also explained all formations of Hazara area and salt range.
A descriptive slides for metamorphism associated within Himalaya with different case studies and model. The slide gives a background to types of metamorphism and emphasis on pre, post collision metamorphism.
This is the slide presented to Tribhuvan University for completion of assignment
Current Situation of Tourism Industry in Pakistan. Heavenly places to visit in Pakistan, Types of Tourism, Role of Tourism Industry in Economic Sector of Pakistan and Causes of Decline of Tourism Industry in Pakistan.
Stratigraphy of Jhelum group (khewra formation, khussak formation, jutana formation, baghanwala formation), its lithology, fossils, thickness, environment of deposition etc.
This time the slide rock mainly contains what Huangshan has seen and heard, as well as the resolution of stone sampling and the final understanding of the law.
Petroleum system, facies analysis and sedimentology of jurassic - cretaceous ...FatimaNasirQureshi
sedimentological differences of jurassic-cretaceous rocks in Hazara and Kohat Basin including their petrochemical analysis and depositional envoirnments
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Day 4 mansehra balakot road section
1. Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Page 1
Tanawal Formation
Synonymy:
Wynne (1878) used the name ''Tanol group'' for the rocks of this formation. Middle miss (1896)
called them ''Tanol quartzite'' Marks and Ali (1 962) and Latif (1 970) named them ''Tanol
formation'' Calkins, Offield and Ali (1969) used the name Tanawal formation for this unit of
rocks.
Type locality:
The formation is well exposed in the north and south of Mansehra granite.
Lithology:
The formation consists of Quartoze schist, quartzite and schistose conglomerate. The south of
Mansehra granite the formation consists of medium grained quartzite and fine grained mica-
quartz schist. To the north of Mansehra granite the formation mainly consists of granite and
biotite muscovite-quartz schist. It is composed of low grade schist and fine grained mica quartz
schist. Alternate beds of schist and quartzite.kink fold and mullion structure are also observed.
Mansehra granite
Observed at Mansehra road. It is composed of two mica granite that are biotite and muscovite.
It also contain quartzite grains and feldspar. It depicts porphyritic texture. Also have doloritic
dyke intruded
Contacts:
The Tanawal Formation underlies the Abbotabad Formation upper contact with Abottabad
formation in this area is unconformable
Fossils:
Not found
Age: Cambrian.
2. Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Page 2
Associated structure:
kink fold mullion structure Schistosity Secondary foliation are also observed.
Abbttabad Formation
Synonymy:
Waagen and Wynne (1 872) used the name ''below the trias'' for this unit of rocks. Middle miss
called it ''infra-trias'' Latif (1970) named this unit as ''Abbottabad group'' Calkin, offield and Ali
suggested the name ''Abbottabad formation''
Type locality:
Type locality of the formation is near Abbotabad town.
Lithology:
The formation mainly consists of dolomite, quartzite and phyllite, with many lithologic changes
from place to place.It is divided into five members.
a) Sirban dolomite
b) Mirpur member
c) Muhammadagali member
d) Sanghargali member
e) Tanaki boulder beds
Contacts:
Formation has an unconformable lower contact with Tanawal formation
Fossils:
Calkin (1969) examined the fauna of carboniferous to Permian age from the formation.
Recently 1kramuddin Ali and David examined the fossils of Hyolithes spp. from the formation
which has been reported from the Cambrian of North America, Sweden and Russia.
Age:
On the basis of Hyolithesspp the formation placed in lower Cambrian.
3. Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Page 3
Murree Formation
Synonyms:
Mari Group by Wynne(1874),Murree Beds by Lydekker(1876)Murree Series by Pilgrim(1910)
,Murree Formation by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan
Type locality:
The name ''Murree formation'' has been formalized by the Stratigraphic committee of Pakistan
For the ''Mari group'' of Wynne (1974) and ''Murree beds'' of Lydekker (1876).
Lithology:
Greenish gray sandstone, shale and dark red clays.The formation consists of purple clay and
greenish grey sandstone with subordinate intraformational conglomerate. The basal strata of
the formation consist of light greenish, grey calcareous sandstone and conglomerate. The
formation uncomfortably overlies various formation of Eocene age. Its upper contact is
transitional with kumlial formation.
Contacts:
Its lower unconformable contact is with various formations of Eocene age while the Upper
contact is transitional with Kumlial Formation.
Fossils:
Formation is poorly fossiliferous.
Age:
The fauna indicates an Early Miocene age for the Formation.
4. Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Page 4
Chrorite Mica Schist:
It is Low grade metamorphic rock containing chlorite index mineral, and also containing mica
and as well feldspar with minor mica. Schist also containing calsite and plagioclase veins.
Quartzite:
It is a non foliated metamorphic rock, that is formed by the metamorphism of sandstone. It
containing conjugate cross joint.
Chlorite Shist of Tanawal Formation
5. Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Page 5
Kink Fold in Tanawal Formation
Shevron Fold in Tanawal Formation
