The document proposes using a gold-histone protein conjugate to visualize chromosomes in live cells via Raman mapping. Gold nanoparticles are attached to histone proteins, which package DNA into nucleosomes. This conjugate provides a strong and stable Raman signal to obtain high contrast Raman images of live cells, overcoming the weakness of small molecule Raman signals. The conjugate is prepared by synthesizing uniform gold nanoparticles then attaching histone proteins to functionalize the nanoparticles for chromosome targeting and visualization.

1. Chromosome visualization (Raman mapping) using Gold-Histone protein conjugate
Gold
• Imaging of molecules in live cells is an important tool in biology, chemical biology, and pharmaceutical and medical sciences.
• Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently emerged as a compelling alternative for cell-targeted therapeutic delivery and diagnosis.
• Contrary to fluorophores, they emit a stable and intense optical photoluminescence signal without photo bleaching or blinking effects.
• AuNPs are biologically nontoxic and can tailored by attaching antibodies, peptides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, and lipids.
• By further functionalizing these constructs with enzymes, drugs, and gene-regulating biomolecules.
Histones
These are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
These proteins are specific towards DNA, so they can attach with the DNA.
Recent developments in Raman microscopes have made it possible to obtain high contrast Raman images of live cells in a reasonable time. Raman signals from
small molecules tend to be weak and may easily be masked by intense overlapping Raman signals. So here proposing Gold-Histone based conjugate to visualize the
chromose material

2. Raman spectroscopy

6. Raman imaging of life cell

7. Raman signal for the cellular material

9. Preparation of uniform gold nanoparticle
Gold Precursor +Reducing agent+ Capping agent
Heating and stirring
Synthesize of uniform size
Preparation of nanoparticle
Histone+
Gold