IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Unsteady Free Convection MHD Flow of an Incompressible Electrically Conductin...IJERA Editor
In this paper we investigate unsteady free convection MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically
conducting fluid through porous medium under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field between two
heated vertical plate with one plate is adiabatic. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with
appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the Integral Transform Technique. The obtained results of
velocity and temperature distributions are shown graphically and are discussed on the basis of it. The effects of
Hartmann number, Darcy parameter, Prandtl number and the decay factor, and effects of adiabatic plate on the
velocity and temperature fields are discussed.
Hydrodynamic scaling and analytically solvable modelsGiorgio Torrieri
This document discusses using an exactly solvable hydrodynamic model to study scaling behavior near a phase transition in heavy ion collisions. It proposes using a deformed Gubser solution with azimuthal asymmetries parameterized by dimensionless εn to model initial inhomogeneities. Analytical expressions are derived relating εn, which characterizes the initial geometry, to final state particle distributions like dN/dy and vn. This allows studying how observables change with transport coefficients and other parameters across a phase transition through their scaling behavior.
Solution Manual for Heat Convection second edition by Latif M. Jijiphysicsbook
Solution Manual for Heat Convection
https://unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-for-heat-convection-by-latif-jiji/
****
Solution Manual for Heat Conduction
https://unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-heat-conduction-latif-jiji/
Solution Manual for Heat Convection second edition by Latif M. Jiji
Free Convective Unsteady MHD Flow of Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with AdiabaticIJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on the unsteady free convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting fluid between two heated vertical plates, with one plate being adiabatic. The governing equations for velocity and temperature fields are derived and solved using perturbation techniques. Results show that velocity decreases with increasing Hartmann number, decay parameter, and Prandtl number. Temperature decreases with increasing decay parameter and Prandtl number. Graphs illustrate the effects of various physical parameters on velocity and temperature fields.
The document provides solutions to several exercises related to slurry transport. For Exercise 4.1, the solution analyzes shear stress and shear rate data for a phosphate slurry and determines it follows a power-law relationship with a flow index of 0.15 and consistency index of 23.4 Ns0.15/m2. Exercise 4.2 verifies an equation for pressure drop in pipe flow of a power-law fluid. Exercise 4.3 similarly verifies an equation incorporating a yield stress. Subsequent exercises provide solutions for pressure drop, slurry concentration, and rheological properties calculations using data given.
This document provides the problem statement, solution approach, and analysis for determining the total acceleration in an axisymmetric parallel flow in a tube. The key steps are:
1) The axial velocity distribution is given and is independent of axial and angular position.
2) Total acceleration expressions in cylindrical coordinates are applied.
3) For parallel streamlines, the radial velocity is zero.
4) The axial acceleration is found to be zero, and the radial and angular accelerations are also zero. All acceleration components vanish for this parallel flow case.
The document discusses lumped parameter analysis for transient heat transfer. It summarizes that lumped parameter analysis can be used when the Biot number (Bi) is less than 0.1. Under these conditions, the temperature at any point in the solid is assumed to be uniform and only a function of time. The temperature variation can then be expressed using an exponential function involving the Fourier number (Fo) and Biot number (Bi). Graphical representations like the Heisler charts can also be used. The document also discusses the heat equation and its application to different geometries like slabs, cylinders and spheres. Electrical circuit analogy is presented to analyze heat transfer across composite walls.
Unsteady Free Convection MHD Flow of an Incompressible Electrically Conductin...IJERA Editor
In this paper we investigate unsteady free convection MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically
conducting fluid through porous medium under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field between two
heated vertical plate with one plate is adiabatic. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with
appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the Integral Transform Technique. The obtained results of
velocity and temperature distributions are shown graphically and are discussed on the basis of it. The effects of
Hartmann number, Darcy parameter, Prandtl number and the decay factor, and effects of adiabatic plate on the
velocity and temperature fields are discussed.
Hydrodynamic scaling and analytically solvable modelsGiorgio Torrieri
This document discusses using an exactly solvable hydrodynamic model to study scaling behavior near a phase transition in heavy ion collisions. It proposes using a deformed Gubser solution with azimuthal asymmetries parameterized by dimensionless εn to model initial inhomogeneities. Analytical expressions are derived relating εn, which characterizes the initial geometry, to final state particle distributions like dN/dy and vn. This allows studying how observables change with transport coefficients and other parameters across a phase transition through their scaling behavior.
Solution Manual for Heat Convection second edition by Latif M. Jijiphysicsbook
Solution Manual for Heat Convection
https://unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-for-heat-convection-by-latif-jiji/
****
Solution Manual for Heat Conduction
https://unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-heat-conduction-latif-jiji/
Solution Manual for Heat Convection second edition by Latif M. Jiji
Free Convective Unsteady MHD Flow of Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with AdiabaticIJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on the unsteady free convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting fluid between two heated vertical plates, with one plate being adiabatic. The governing equations for velocity and temperature fields are derived and solved using perturbation techniques. Results show that velocity decreases with increasing Hartmann number, decay parameter, and Prandtl number. Temperature decreases with increasing decay parameter and Prandtl number. Graphs illustrate the effects of various physical parameters on velocity and temperature fields.
The document provides solutions to several exercises related to slurry transport. For Exercise 4.1, the solution analyzes shear stress and shear rate data for a phosphate slurry and determines it follows a power-law relationship with a flow index of 0.15 and consistency index of 23.4 Ns0.15/m2. Exercise 4.2 verifies an equation for pressure drop in pipe flow of a power-law fluid. Exercise 4.3 similarly verifies an equation incorporating a yield stress. Subsequent exercises provide solutions for pressure drop, slurry concentration, and rheological properties calculations using data given.
This document provides the problem statement, solution approach, and analysis for determining the total acceleration in an axisymmetric parallel flow in a tube. The key steps are:
1) The axial velocity distribution is given and is independent of axial and angular position.
2) Total acceleration expressions in cylindrical coordinates are applied.
3) For parallel streamlines, the radial velocity is zero.
4) The axial acceleration is found to be zero, and the radial and angular accelerations are also zero. All acceleration components vanish for this parallel flow case.
The document discusses lumped parameter analysis for transient heat transfer. It summarizes that lumped parameter analysis can be used when the Biot number (Bi) is less than 0.1. Under these conditions, the temperature at any point in the solid is assumed to be uniform and only a function of time. The temperature variation can then be expressed using an exponential function involving the Fourier number (Fo) and Biot number (Bi). Graphical representations like the Heisler charts can also be used. The document also discusses the heat equation and its application to different geometries like slabs, cylinders and spheres. Electrical circuit analogy is presented to analyze heat transfer across composite walls.
The document discusses the lumped element method (LEM) for analyzing transient heat transfer problems. It defines a lumped system as one where the interior temperature remains uniform over time. The lumped element approach provides a simplification to heat transfer calculations using a lumped parameter called the time constant. The document also covers using the method of separation of variables to solve the heat equation for transient conduction problems, reducing the partial differential equation to ordinary differential equations that can be solved. It provides an example of applying separation of variables to a one-dimensional conduction problem between fixed temperatures.
This document presents the mathematical modeling of heat transfer and phase change in three dimensions using the finite element method. It begins with the governing equations - the continuity, Navier-Stokes, and heat equations along with the Stefan free boundary condition. It then derives the variational formulation and discretizes the equations using finite elements. The nonlinear system is solved using Newton's method to find the numerical solution for temperature, velocity, and the moving solid-liquid interface over time.
The document provides solutions to two heat equation problems using separation of variables. For the first problem, the solution is found to be a sum of sine functions with decaying exponentials in time. For the second problem, a similar approach is taken, but the eigenfunctions are determined to be cosines instead of sines due to the different boundary condition. In both cases, the solutions involve finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions by considering different cases for the separation constant and applying the boundary conditions.
HOW TO PREDICT HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FROM FLUID FRICTIONbalupost
In this paper, the „Generalized Lévêque Equation (GLE)“, which allows to calculate heat or mass transfer coefficients – or the corresponding Nusselt and Sherwood numbers – from frictional pressure drop or friction forces in place of the flow rates or Reynolds numbers is used in external flow situations, such as a single sphere or a single cylinder in cross flow.
This document contains 9 physics problems involving concepts like dimensional analysis, kinematics, forces, work, energy, and momentum.
Problem 1 asks students to determine the dimensional formula for surface tension using fundamental quantities of energy, velocity, and time. Problem 2 involves calculating the time taken for two ships moving towards each other to reach their shortest distance apart. Problem 3 asks students to determine the acceleration of a particle given its velocity varies with position.
The remaining problems involve calculating forces, work, energy, momentum, and velocities in various mechanical systems involving blocks, springs, and particles. Students must apply physics equations like Newton's laws, work-energy theorem, and conservation of momentum to arrive at the solutions.
Derivation and solution of the heat equation in 1-DIJESM JOURNAL
Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature, that is, from hot to cool. In this paper we derive the heat equation and consider the flow of heat along a metal rod. The rod allows us to consider the temperature, u(x,t), as one dimensional in x but changing in time, t.
In this note, we derive (to third order in derivatives of the fluid velocity) a 2+1
dimensional theory of fluid dynamics that governs the evolution of generic long-
wavelength perturbations of a black brane or large black hole in four-dimensional
gravity with negative cosmological constant, applying a systematic procedure de-
veloped recently by Bhattacharyya, Hubeny, Minwalla, and Rangamani. In the
regime of validity of the fluid-dynamical description, the black-brane evolution
will generically correspond to a turbulent flow. Turbulence in 2+1 dimensions
has been well studied analytically, numerically, experimentally, and observation-
ally as it provides a first approximation to the large scale dynamics of planetary
atmospheres. These studies reveal dramatic differences between fluid flows in
2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, suggesting that the dynamics of perturbed four and
five dimensional large AdS black holes may be qualitatively different. However,
further investigation is required to understand whether these qualitative differ-
ences exist in the regime of fluid dynamics relevant to black hole dynamics.
The document contains 17 physics questions in a multiple choice format with single correct answers. Each question is followed by its corresponding solution. The questions cover topics in mechanics, thermodynamics, gravitation, and other core areas of physics.
In this paper, first we evaluate a finite
integral involving general class of polynomials and the
product of two
H
-functions and then we make its
application to solve boundary value problem on heat
conduction in a rod under the certain conditions and
further we establish an expansion formula involving
about product of
H
-function. In view of generality of
the polynomials and products of
H
-function occurring
here in, on specializing the coefficients of polynomials
and parameters of the
H
-function, our results would
readily reduce to a large number of results involving
known class of polynomials and simpler functions.
This document presents the basic flow equations, including the Navier-Stokes equation and Euler's equations for frictionless flow. It also introduces several dimensionless numbers that are used to characterize different types of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer, such as the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and more. These equations and numbers provide a theoretical framework for analyzing fluid flow, while practical applications require further assumptions and simplifications.
1) The document contains a sample paper with multiple choice questions from Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
2) The Physics section includes questions on mechanics, oscillations, torque, thermal radiation and other topics.
3) The Chemistry section tests understanding of topics like isomerism, hybridization, electrolysis and acid-base reactions.
4) The Biology portion covers topics such as photorespiration, the cell cycle, plant anatomy and cellular respiration.
185817220 7e chapter5sm-final-newfrank-white-fluid-mechanics-7th-ed-ch-5-solu...Abrar Hussain
This document summarizes the solutions to several problems involving dimensional analysis. Some key points:
- Problem 5.1 calculates the volume flow rate needed for transition to turbulence in a pipe based on given parameters.
- Problem 5.2 uses dimensional analysis to determine the prototype velocity matched by a scale model wind tunnel test.
- Problem 5.6 calculates the expected drag force on a scale model parachute based on full-scale test data, showing the forces are exactly the same due to dynamic similarity.
Second-order Cosmological Perturbations Engendered by Point-like MassesMaxim Eingorn
R. Brilenkov and M. Eingorn, Second-order cosmological perturbations engendered by point-like masses, ApJ 845 (2017) 153: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa81cd
In the ΛCDM framework, presenting nonrelativistic matter inhomogeneities as discrete massive particles, we develop the second‐order cosmological perturbation theory. Our approach relies on the weak gravitational field limit. The derived equations for the second‐order scalar, vector, and tensor metric corrections are suitable at arbitrary distances, including regions with nonlinear contrasts of the matter density. We thoroughly verify fulfillment of all Einstein equations, as well as self‐consistency of order assignments. In addition, we achieve logical positive results in the Minkowski background limit. Feasible investigations of the cosmological backreaction manifestations by means of relativistic simulations are also outlined.
Heat and Mass Transfer: Free Convection : Formulas and solved examples... Use of Heat and Mass transfer data book is necessary in order to obtain certain values.
This document describes a method for simulating electromagnetic wave propagation in two-level dielectric media using time-domain transmission line modeling (TLM). The technique incorporates a semi-classical model of a two-level medium to simulate its quantum properties within the TLM method. The approach is validated by showing it corresponds to the classical Lorentz oscillator model for small signals and excitations. Results demonstrate absorption, amplification, self-induced transparency and lasing in the two-level medium.
The one-dimensional heat equation describes heat flow along a rod. It can be solved using separation of variables. For a rod with insulated sides initially at uniform temperature u0 and ends suddenly cooled to 0°C:
1) The solution is a Fourier series involving eigenfunctions that satisfy the boundary conditions.
2) The temperature is the sum of the eigenfunctions weighted by Fourier coefficients involving u0.
3) As time increases, the temperature decreases towards the boundary values according to exponential decay governed by the eigenvalues.
The document summarizes key concepts of kinetic theory of gases:
1) Ideal gases are made of molecules that move randomly and collide elastically, obeying Newton's laws and the ideal gas law.
2) Pressure results from molecular collisions with surfaces, and temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion.
3) For monatomic gases, the internal energy depends only on translational motion, but for polyatomic gases it also includes rotational and vibrational energies according to the principle of equipartition of energy.
1) The document describes a mathematical model of thermocapillary convection induced in a liquid layer on an absorptive substrate by laser irradiation.
2) The model accounts for heat propagation before convection occurs and derives an equation relating the convection delay time to system parameters.
3) A numerical model is developed using the Volume of Fluid method to simulate the evolution of surface deformation during the thermocapillary convection process.
- Thermodynamics describes the equilibrium states of systems and the spontaneous processes between those states.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system is conserved. It can be expressed as ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is heat, and W is work.
- For a closed system, the first law takes the form ΔU = Q - PΔV, where PΔV is the work done by expansion or compression. For a constant volume process where no work is done, ΔU = Q.
- The enthalpy H is a state function defined as H = U + PV. For a
Empirical relation to estimate the reduction of root fillet stress in spur ge...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document describes the design and development of embedded application software for an Interface Processing Unit (IPU) subsystem. The IPU subsystem interfaces various onboard systems like radars, gyroscopes, and GPS with an electronic support measure (ESM) system. It consists of two modules: a Gyro Interface Module (GIM) and a Blanking Interface Module (BIM). The GIM corrects gyroscope data and outputs it. The BIM generates blanking cover pulses from radar pre-trigger pulses to protect receivers during radar transmission. Both modules were designed, simulated, and integrated using VHDL on a Virtex-4 FPGA platform. The integrated system was able to correctly process gyroscope and radar inputs and generate the
The document discusses the lumped element method (LEM) for analyzing transient heat transfer problems. It defines a lumped system as one where the interior temperature remains uniform over time. The lumped element approach provides a simplification to heat transfer calculations using a lumped parameter called the time constant. The document also covers using the method of separation of variables to solve the heat equation for transient conduction problems, reducing the partial differential equation to ordinary differential equations that can be solved. It provides an example of applying separation of variables to a one-dimensional conduction problem between fixed temperatures.
This document presents the mathematical modeling of heat transfer and phase change in three dimensions using the finite element method. It begins with the governing equations - the continuity, Navier-Stokes, and heat equations along with the Stefan free boundary condition. It then derives the variational formulation and discretizes the equations using finite elements. The nonlinear system is solved using Newton's method to find the numerical solution for temperature, velocity, and the moving solid-liquid interface over time.
The document provides solutions to two heat equation problems using separation of variables. For the first problem, the solution is found to be a sum of sine functions with decaying exponentials in time. For the second problem, a similar approach is taken, but the eigenfunctions are determined to be cosines instead of sines due to the different boundary condition. In both cases, the solutions involve finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions by considering different cases for the separation constant and applying the boundary conditions.
HOW TO PREDICT HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FROM FLUID FRICTIONbalupost
In this paper, the „Generalized Lévêque Equation (GLE)“, which allows to calculate heat or mass transfer coefficients – or the corresponding Nusselt and Sherwood numbers – from frictional pressure drop or friction forces in place of the flow rates or Reynolds numbers is used in external flow situations, such as a single sphere or a single cylinder in cross flow.
This document contains 9 physics problems involving concepts like dimensional analysis, kinematics, forces, work, energy, and momentum.
Problem 1 asks students to determine the dimensional formula for surface tension using fundamental quantities of energy, velocity, and time. Problem 2 involves calculating the time taken for two ships moving towards each other to reach their shortest distance apart. Problem 3 asks students to determine the acceleration of a particle given its velocity varies with position.
The remaining problems involve calculating forces, work, energy, momentum, and velocities in various mechanical systems involving blocks, springs, and particles. Students must apply physics equations like Newton's laws, work-energy theorem, and conservation of momentum to arrive at the solutions.
Derivation and solution of the heat equation in 1-DIJESM JOURNAL
Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature, that is, from hot to cool. In this paper we derive the heat equation and consider the flow of heat along a metal rod. The rod allows us to consider the temperature, u(x,t), as one dimensional in x but changing in time, t.
In this note, we derive (to third order in derivatives of the fluid velocity) a 2+1
dimensional theory of fluid dynamics that governs the evolution of generic long-
wavelength perturbations of a black brane or large black hole in four-dimensional
gravity with negative cosmological constant, applying a systematic procedure de-
veloped recently by Bhattacharyya, Hubeny, Minwalla, and Rangamani. In the
regime of validity of the fluid-dynamical description, the black-brane evolution
will generically correspond to a turbulent flow. Turbulence in 2+1 dimensions
has been well studied analytically, numerically, experimentally, and observation-
ally as it provides a first approximation to the large scale dynamics of planetary
atmospheres. These studies reveal dramatic differences between fluid flows in
2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, suggesting that the dynamics of perturbed four and
five dimensional large AdS black holes may be qualitatively different. However,
further investigation is required to understand whether these qualitative differ-
ences exist in the regime of fluid dynamics relevant to black hole dynamics.
The document contains 17 physics questions in a multiple choice format with single correct answers. Each question is followed by its corresponding solution. The questions cover topics in mechanics, thermodynamics, gravitation, and other core areas of physics.
In this paper, first we evaluate a finite
integral involving general class of polynomials and the
product of two
H
-functions and then we make its
application to solve boundary value problem on heat
conduction in a rod under the certain conditions and
further we establish an expansion formula involving
about product of
H
-function. In view of generality of
the polynomials and products of
H
-function occurring
here in, on specializing the coefficients of polynomials
and parameters of the
H
-function, our results would
readily reduce to a large number of results involving
known class of polynomials and simpler functions.
This document presents the basic flow equations, including the Navier-Stokes equation and Euler's equations for frictionless flow. It also introduces several dimensionless numbers that are used to characterize different types of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer, such as the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and more. These equations and numbers provide a theoretical framework for analyzing fluid flow, while practical applications require further assumptions and simplifications.
1) The document contains a sample paper with multiple choice questions from Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
2) The Physics section includes questions on mechanics, oscillations, torque, thermal radiation and other topics.
3) The Chemistry section tests understanding of topics like isomerism, hybridization, electrolysis and acid-base reactions.
4) The Biology portion covers topics such as photorespiration, the cell cycle, plant anatomy and cellular respiration.
185817220 7e chapter5sm-final-newfrank-white-fluid-mechanics-7th-ed-ch-5-solu...Abrar Hussain
This document summarizes the solutions to several problems involving dimensional analysis. Some key points:
- Problem 5.1 calculates the volume flow rate needed for transition to turbulence in a pipe based on given parameters.
- Problem 5.2 uses dimensional analysis to determine the prototype velocity matched by a scale model wind tunnel test.
- Problem 5.6 calculates the expected drag force on a scale model parachute based on full-scale test data, showing the forces are exactly the same due to dynamic similarity.
Second-order Cosmological Perturbations Engendered by Point-like MassesMaxim Eingorn
R. Brilenkov and M. Eingorn, Second-order cosmological perturbations engendered by point-like masses, ApJ 845 (2017) 153: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa81cd
In the ΛCDM framework, presenting nonrelativistic matter inhomogeneities as discrete massive particles, we develop the second‐order cosmological perturbation theory. Our approach relies on the weak gravitational field limit. The derived equations for the second‐order scalar, vector, and tensor metric corrections are suitable at arbitrary distances, including regions with nonlinear contrasts of the matter density. We thoroughly verify fulfillment of all Einstein equations, as well as self‐consistency of order assignments. In addition, we achieve logical positive results in the Minkowski background limit. Feasible investigations of the cosmological backreaction manifestations by means of relativistic simulations are also outlined.
Heat and Mass Transfer: Free Convection : Formulas and solved examples... Use of Heat and Mass transfer data book is necessary in order to obtain certain values.
This document describes a method for simulating electromagnetic wave propagation in two-level dielectric media using time-domain transmission line modeling (TLM). The technique incorporates a semi-classical model of a two-level medium to simulate its quantum properties within the TLM method. The approach is validated by showing it corresponds to the classical Lorentz oscillator model for small signals and excitations. Results demonstrate absorption, amplification, self-induced transparency and lasing in the two-level medium.
The one-dimensional heat equation describes heat flow along a rod. It can be solved using separation of variables. For a rod with insulated sides initially at uniform temperature u0 and ends suddenly cooled to 0°C:
1) The solution is a Fourier series involving eigenfunctions that satisfy the boundary conditions.
2) The temperature is the sum of the eigenfunctions weighted by Fourier coefficients involving u0.
3) As time increases, the temperature decreases towards the boundary values according to exponential decay governed by the eigenvalues.
The document summarizes key concepts of kinetic theory of gases:
1) Ideal gases are made of molecules that move randomly and collide elastically, obeying Newton's laws and the ideal gas law.
2) Pressure results from molecular collisions with surfaces, and temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion.
3) For monatomic gases, the internal energy depends only on translational motion, but for polyatomic gases it also includes rotational and vibrational energies according to the principle of equipartition of energy.
1) The document describes a mathematical model of thermocapillary convection induced in a liquid layer on an absorptive substrate by laser irradiation.
2) The model accounts for heat propagation before convection occurs and derives an equation relating the convection delay time to system parameters.
3) A numerical model is developed using the Volume of Fluid method to simulate the evolution of surface deformation during the thermocapillary convection process.
- Thermodynamics describes the equilibrium states of systems and the spontaneous processes between those states.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system is conserved. It can be expressed as ΔU = Q + W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is heat, and W is work.
- For a closed system, the first law takes the form ΔU = Q - PΔV, where PΔV is the work done by expansion or compression. For a constant volume process where no work is done, ΔU = Q.
- The enthalpy H is a state function defined as H = U + PV. For a
Empirical relation to estimate the reduction of root fillet stress in spur ge...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document describes the design and development of embedded application software for an Interface Processing Unit (IPU) subsystem. The IPU subsystem interfaces various onboard systems like radars, gyroscopes, and GPS with an electronic support measure (ESM) system. It consists of two modules: a Gyro Interface Module (GIM) and a Blanking Interface Module (BIM). The GIM corrects gyroscope data and outputs it. The BIM generates blanking cover pulses from radar pre-trigger pulses to protect receivers during radar transmission. Both modules were designed, simulated, and integrated using VHDL on a Virtex-4 FPGA platform. The integrated system was able to correctly process gyroscope and radar inputs and generate the
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Testing the flexural fatigue behavior of e glass epoxy laminateseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microwave dehydrator an environmental friendly step toward improving microwav...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on using a microwave dehydrator system to improve the demulsification of petroleum emulsions. The system consists of a modified microwave oven and silicone-based chemical demulsifiers. Experimental emulsions with varying water content and additive concentration were tested. Results showed the microwave dehydrator can maximize water separation within 2 minutes of irradiation, using 0.1% additive concentration. This improves on conventional demulsification techniques by reducing chemical and processing costs while avoiding their environmental impacts. The microwave treatment works by heating the emulsion and neutralizing interfacial forces between water droplets, aiding their separation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Power factor correction of 6.6 kv distribution line in lc11 rmhs department, ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the design and implementation of capacitor banks to improve the power factor of two 6.6kV distribution lines (Incomers 1 and 2) at an industrial facility. The power factor of the lines was 0.7, which is improved to 0.95 by adding centralized capacitor banks. For Incomer 1, a 776.74 μF capacitor bank is designed. For Incomer 2, a 666.82 μF capacitor bank is designed. The annual savings from improved power factor is estimated to be Rs. 5,94,23,700. The capacitor banks are controlled using a PLC to maintain the power factor and prevent overvoltage.
Offline signature identification using high intensity variations and cross ov...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document describes the preparation and characterization of Fe3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles for use in decolorizing the azo dye Acid Red 14. Fe3+-doped ZnO was prepared using an ultrasound-assisted impregnation method, doping ZnO with 2 wt% Fe(III) over 1 hour of sonication. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, particle size analysis, BET surface area, FE-SEM, and VSM showed the Fe3+ ions were successfully doped into the ZnO lattice without changing its wurtzite crystal structure. Decolorization experiments using the Fe-doped ZnO showed it had higher reaction rates than pure ZnO for decolorizing Ac
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Secret keys and the packets transportation for privacy data forwarding method...eSAT Publishing House
This document proposes a method for improving data security and privacy in cloud data forwarding. The method involves splitting a data owner's encrypted file into multiple packets, encrypting each packet, and storing the packets and encryption keys across multiple cloud servers. If the data owner wants to forward the file, they send the encrypted packets and verify the recipient's identity. To further enhance security, the decryption key is sent as an SMS rather than over the cloud servers. This integrates concepts of encryption, encoding, and key distribution to improve data confidentiality when files are forwarded in the cloud.
An evaluation of manet protocols in terms of tcp variants based on thier perf...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Testing and ergonomically evaluation of tractor mounted and self mounted coco...eSAT Publishing House
This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document:
1. The document discusses the development and testing of a Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) to improve the efficiency of coconut harvesting over traditional manual climbing methods.
2. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted to assess the physiological cost, safety, and ease of operation of the TMSPCC compared to manual climbing. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and discomfort levels were measured for operators of both methods.
3. Testing results found the TMSPCC to be safer and less physically demanding for operators compared to manual climbing. It was able to harvest 100-120 coconut trees per day
Non standard size image compression with reversible embedded waveletseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Geospatial information system for tourism management in aurangabad city a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical simulation on laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non-isothermal horizontal plate.
plate temperature Tw varies with x in the following prescribed manner:
T T Cx w
n 1
where C and n are constants. By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow
are transformed to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and
integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical
analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and n are illustrated graphically.
Flow and heat transfer parameters are derived. The results of the present simulation are then compared with experimental data in
literature with good agreement.
Keywords: Free Convection, Heat Transfer, Non-isothermal Horizontal Plate, Matlab, Numerical Simulation.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND CHEMICAL REACTION ON CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRA...IAEME Publication
The present work deals with the effect of size of the nano-particle and the liquid like layer formed duo to the natural chemical reaction of the liquid with the metical particle. The particle size and the layer around the particle certainly alter the heat and mass transfer.
Numerical study of mhd boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents a numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching surface with thermal radiation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. A Runge-Kutta shooting method is used to solve the coupled non-linear system numerically. The effects of parameters such as the Prandtl number, Grashoff number, Eckert number, and velocity ratio parameter are analyzed through graphs of the velocity and temperature profiles. The results are compared to known solutions to validate the numerical method.
This document presents a numerical study examining heat and mass transfer in a porous medium past an infinite inclined vertical plate with consideration of Soret and Dufour effects and chemical reaction. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are non-dimensionalized and solved using an implicit finite difference method. Results show the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are influenced by parameters like inclination angle, permeability, Dufour number, Prandtl number, Grashof number, and chemical reaction parameter. Graphs illustrate the impact of varying these parameters on the fluid flow, thermal, and concentration fields.
Chemical Reaction on Heat and Mass TransferFlow through an Infinite Inclined ...iosrjce
The numerical studies are performed to examine the mass transfer flow with thermal diffusion and
diffusion thermo effect past an infinite, inclined vertical plate in a porous medium in the presence of chemical
reaction. First of all, the governing equations are transformed to a system of dimensionless coupled partial
equations. Explicit finite difference method has been used to solve these dimensionless equations for momentum,
concentration and energy equations. During the course of discussion, it is found that various parameters related
to the problem influence the calculated result. Finally, the profiles of velocity, concentration and temperature
are analyzed and illustrated with graphs.
This document discusses a numerical study examining heat and mass transfer in a porous medium past an infinite inclined vertical plate with consideration of Soret and Dufour effects and chemical reaction. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are transformed into dimensionless form and solved using an implicit finite difference method. The results show the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are influenced by parameters like inclination angle, permeability, Dufour number, Prandtl number, Grashof number, and chemical reaction parameter. Graphs illustrate the impact of varying these parameters on the fluid flow, thermal, and concentration fields.
Analysis of mhd non darcian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exp...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical simulation of marangoni driven boundary layer flow over a flat plat...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying Marangoni convection flow over a flat plate with an imposed temperature
distribution. Plate temperature varies with x in the following prescribed manner: where A and k are constants.
By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of
nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton
Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab
environment. Velocity profiles for various values of k, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and k are illustrated
graphically. The results of the present simulation are then compared with the previous works available in literature with good
agreement.
Keywords: Matlab, Marangoni Convection, Numerical Simulation, Surface Tension, Flat Plate.
This document discusses a numerical study of the effect of thermal radiation on free convection boundary layer flow over a vertical wavy cone. The governing equations for steady, laminar, two-dimensional flow are presented and non-dimensionalized. These equations are then solved using the Mathematica technique. Graphs of the dimensionless temperature, velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are generated for various values of the Prandtl number, radiation parameter, surface wave amplitude, and cone half-angle. The results are discussed to analyze the impact of thermal radiation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.
This document discusses heat transfer of an incompressible Sisko fluid flowing past a stretching cylinder. It presents the mathematical formulation of the governing equations based on the Sisko fluid model. It also discusses the boundary conditions and presents some graphical and tabulated results of the skin friction and Nusselt number for varying fluid and flow parameters.
Numerical simulation on laminar free convection flow and heat transfer over a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the present numerical study, laminar free-convection flow and heat transfer over an isothermal vertical plate is presented. By
means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear coupled partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair
of simultaneous nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, they are reduced to first order system. Finally, NewtonRaphson
method and adaptive Runge-Kutta method are used for their integration. The computer codes are developed for this numerical
analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number are illustrated graphically. Flow
and heat transfer parameters are derived as functions of Prandtl number alone. The results of the present simulation are then
compared with experimental data published in literature and find a good agreement.
Keywords: Free Convection, Heat Transfer, Matlab, Numerical Simulation, Vertical Plate.
MHD Free Convection from an Isothermal Truncated Cone with Variable Viscosity...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a study of MHD free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with
variable viscosity about an isothermal truncated cone in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The fluid
viscosity is assumed to vary as a inverse linear function of temperature. The non-linear coupled partial
differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by using an implicit
finite - difference scheme along with quasilinearization technique. The non-similar solutions have been obtained
for the problem, overcoming numerical difficulties near the leading edge and in the downstream regime. Results
indicate that skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by, both, viscosity-variation parameter and
magnetic field. In fact, the transverse magnetic field influences the momentum and thermal fields, considerably.
Further, skin friction is found to decrease and heat transfer increases near the leading edge. Also, it is found that
the direction of heat transfer gets reversed during heat generation.
MHD Free Convection from an Isothermal Truncated Cone with Variable Viscosity...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a study of MHD free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with
variable viscosity about an isothermal truncated cone in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The fluid
viscosity is assumed to vary as a inverse linear function of temperature. The non-linear coupled partial
differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by using an implicit
finite - difference scheme along with quasilinearization technique. The non-similar solutions have been obtained
for the problem, overcoming numerical difficulties near the leading edge and in the downstream regime. Results
indicate that skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by, both, viscosity-variation parameter and
magnetic field. In fact, the transverse magnetic field influences the momentum and thermal fields, considerably.
Further, skin friction is found to decrease and heat transfer increases near the leading edge. Also, it is found that
the direction of heat transfer gets reversed during heat generation.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Aligned magnetic field, radiation and chemical reaction effects on unsteady d...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the laminar convective flow of a dusty viscous fluid with non-conducting walls in the presence of an aligned magnetic field, considering effects of volume fraction, radiation, heat absorption, and chemical reaction. The governing equations for the fluid velocity, dust particle velocity, temperature, and concentration are presented and non-dimensionalized. The equations are then solved using a perturbation technique. Boundary conditions are also specified.
Aligned magnetic field, radiation and chemical reaction effects on unsteady d...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the laminar convective flow of a dusty viscous fluid with non-conducting walls in the presence of an aligned magnetic field, considering effects of volume fraction, radiation, heat absorption, and chemical reaction. The governing equations for the fluid velocity, dust particle velocity, temperature, and concentration are presented and non-dimensionalized. The equations are then solved using a perturbation technique. Boundary conditions are also specified.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) that examines the effect of particle size and chemical reaction on convective heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flowing in a cylindrical annulus filled with porous material. The article presents governing equations to model the coupled heat and mass transfer, which are solved numerically. Parameters like the Darcy number, Grashof number, Hartmann number, and Nusselt number are defined. The study aims to provide insights into how particle size and chemical reactions impact convective transport for applications like nuclear technology and space systems.
Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes boundary layer flow and heat transfer along an infinite porous hot horizontal plate using the natural transformation method. The researchers transformed the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and solved them using natural transformation. They found that increasing the plate velocity significantly impacts the fluid flow and heat transfer, decreasing skin friction and increasing the Nusselt number. Graphs show how the velocity and temperature profiles are affected by parameters like plate velocity, Prandtl number, and heat source/sink value.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Controlling of Depth of Dopant Diffusion Layer in a Material by Time Modulati...IJCI JOURNAL
In this paper as a development of recently introduced analytical approach for estimation of temporal characteristics of mass and heat transport we present analysis of diffusion depth of dopant in a material with time varying diffusion coefficient. It has been shown, that changing of time dependence of diffusion coefficient gives a possibility to accelerate or decelerate diffusion process. In this situation it is an actual question is control of diffusion depth during manufacturing p-n-junctions. The controlling gives a possibility to obtain required depth of the junctions, but not larger or smaller.
Similar to Radiation effects on heat and mass transfer of a mhd (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effect of lintels and lintel bands on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete masonry infilled frames through non-linear static pushover analysis. Four frame models are considered: a frame with a full masonry infill wall; a frame with a central opening but no lintel/band; a frame with a lintel above the opening; and a frame with a lintel band above the opening. The results show that the full infill wall model has 27% higher stiffness and 32% higher strength than the model with just an opening. Models with lintels or lintel bands have slightly higher strength and stiffness than the model with just an opening. The document concludes lintels and lintel
Wind damage to trees in the gitam university campus at visakhapatnam by cyclo...eSAT Publishing House
1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
2) A study assessed different types of damage to trees from the cyclone, including defoliation, salt spray damage, damage to stems/branches, and uprooting. Certain tree species were more vulnerable than others.
3) The results of the study can help in selecting more wind-resistant tree species for future planting and reducing damage from future storms.
Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
2) Residential and commercial buildings suffered extensive roof damage, while glass facades on hotels and restaurants were shattered. Infrastructure like electricity poles and bus shelters were destroyed.
3) Landscape elements faced damage, including collapsed trees that damaged pavements, and debris in parks. The cyclone wiped out over half the city's green cover and caused beach erosion around protected areas.
1) The document reviews factors that influence the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams, including compressive strength of concrete, percentage of tension reinforcement, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement, aggregate interlock, shear span-to-depth ratio, loading distribution, side cover, and beam depth.
2) It finds that compressive strength of concrete, tension reinforcement percentage, and web reinforcement all increase shear strength, while shear strength decreases as shear span-to-depth ratio increases.
3) The distribution and amount of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement also affects shear strength, but closely spaced stirrups do not necessarily enhance capacity or performance.
Role of voluntary teams of professional engineers in dissater management – ex...eSAT Publishing House
1) A team of 17 professional engineers from various disciplines called the "Griha Seva" team volunteered after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake to provide technical assistance.
2) The team conducted site visits, assessments, testing and recommended retrofitting strategies for damaged structures in Bhuj and Ahmedabad. They were able to fully assess and retrofit 20 buildings in Ahmedabad.
3) Factors observed that exacerbated the earthquake's impacts included unplanned construction, non-engineered buildings, improper prior retrofitting, and defective materials and workmanship. The professional engineers' technical expertise was crucial for effective post-disaster management.
This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Monitoring and assessment of air quality with reference to dust particles (pm...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Coastal zones – seismic vulnerability an analysis from east coast of indiaeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
Can fracture mechanics predict damage due disaster of structureseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses how fracture mechanics can be used to better predict damage and failure of structures. It notes that current design codes are based on small-scale laboratory tests and do not account for size effects, which can lead to more brittle failures in larger structures. The document outlines how fracture mechanics considers factors like size effect, ductility, and minimum reinforcement that influence the strength and failure behavior of structures. It provides examples of how fracture mechanics has been applied to problems like evaluating shear strength in deep beams and investigating a failure of an oil platform structure. The document argues that fracture mechanics provides a more scientific basis for structural design compared to existing empirical code provisions.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
1) A 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Paradip, Odisha in the Bay of Bengal on May 21, 2014 at a depth of around 40 km.
2) Analysis of magnetic and bathymetric data from the area revealed the presence of major lineaments in NW-SE and NE-SW directions that may be responsible for seismic activity through stress release.
3) Movements along growth faults at the margins of large Bengal channels, due to large sediment loads, could also contribute to seismic events by triggering movements along the faults.
Effect of hudhud cyclone on the development of visakhapatnam as smart and gre...eSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the effects of Cyclone Hudhud on the development of Visakhapatnam as a smart and green city through a case study and preliminary surveys. The surveys found that 31% of participants had experienced cyclones, 9% floods, and 59% landslides previously in Visakhapatnam. Awareness of disaster alarming systems increased from 14% before the 2004 tsunami to 85% during Cyclone Hudhud, while awareness of disaster management systems increased from 50% before the tsunami to 94% during Hudhud. The surveys indicate that initiatives after the tsunami improved awareness and preparedness. Developing Visakhapatnam as a smart, green city should consider governance
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Radiation effects on heat and mass transfer of a mhd
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 281
RADIATION EFFECTS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF A MHD
NANO FLUID
G. V. P. N. Srikanth1
, G.Srinivas2
, B. Tulasi Lakshmi Devi3
, S. Sreenatha Reddy4
1
Department of Mathematics, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
3
Department of Mathematics, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engg, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
Abstract
The significant research saw with nano fluid flow and heat transfer. But, there was a wide scope of research in mass transfer with
nano fluids, due to Brownian motion of particles. A theoretical investigation attempted in this paper to study the chemical reaction
effects during mass transfer. We studied convective heat and mass transfer of MHD nano fluid flow past inclined, oscillating
permeable flat plate with radiation and heat source. It is found that velocity and Diffusion increases for both kinds of chemical
reactions.
Keywords: MHD Nano - fluid, Inclined plate, Radiation, Method of lines.
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1. INTRODUCTION
The study of nano fluid has been attracting many researches
since a few decades, due to its vital applications. The
exponential growth of the study of nano fluids made the latest
technology more convenient and user friendly.
As the nano-fluids carriey the metallic particle the heat
transfer and diffusion together is a interesting phenomenon
with wide application in the field of biomedical, drug delivery
etc. Sarit Kumar Das et.al (7) studied that many researches
could not explain the study of diffusivity. M.I Anwar et.al (6)
studied the heat and mass transfer of nano fluids over a non-
linear stretching sheet for low constriction. Hyun UK Kang (2)
studied the effect of Brownian motion and inertial migration
of particles and concluded that the nano-particle migration to
the center occurs slowly. Hence, the thermal conductivity at
the walls increases. Many authors Buongiorno J (1), M. A. A.
Hamad, I. Pop (5) Khan, W.A., A. Aziz (3), Kuznetsov AV,
and Nield DA (4) studied the nano-fluid flow and heat transfer
effects in various geometries and various effects. All the
Researches used the Maxwell or Hamilton & crosser model to
describe the thermal conductivity of the nano fluid. In these
models there was no description about the particle diameter or
layer around the particle.
Many of the researches carried out and ignored the natural
phenomenon of formation of liquid Like layer around nano
particle because of the chemical reaction with the solvent. The
formation of liquid like layer limited the contact of the
metallic nano particle with the boundary. This reduced the
effective heat transfer.
Keeping in view all the above fact we want to study the heat
and mass transfer through copper And water nano fluid with
chemical reaction over a permeable, inclined, and oscillating
flat plate.
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
Consider the unsteady three dimensional free convection flow
of a nano-fluid past a vertical permeable semi-infinite plate in
the presence of an applied magnetic field with constant heat
source and radiation. We consider a Cartesian coordinate
system (x, y, z) .The flow assumes to be in the x direction,
which takes along the plate, and z - axis is normal to the plate.
We assume that the plate has an oscillatory movement on time
t and frequency n with the velocity u(0,t),which gives u(0,t) =
U0 (1 + cos(nt) ), where is a small constant parameter (
<< 1) and U0 is the characteristic velocity. We consider that
initially (t < 0) the fluid as well as the plate is at rest. A
uniform external magnetic field B0 takes to be acting along the
z - axis. We consider the case of a short circuit problem in
which the applied electric field E = 0, and also assume that the
induced magnetic field is small compared to the external
magnetic field B0. The surface temperature assumes to have
the constant value TW while the ambient temperature is the
constant value T∞, where TW > T∞. The conservation equation
of current density J =0 gives Jz = constant. Since, the plate
is electrically non-conducting, this constant is zero. It assumes
that the plate is infinite in some extent. Hence, all physical
quantities do not depend on x and y but depend only on z and t,
i.e 0
u v
x y
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 282
It assumes that the regular fluid and the suspended nano-
particles are in thermal equilibrium, no slip occurs between
them. Under Bossinesq and boundary layer approximations,
the boundary layer equations governing the flow and
temperature are:
0
w
z
(1)
2
( ) ( ) o s1
2
( ) ( ) o s
u
g T T Cu u Tn f n fw z
t z
n f g c c Cc n f
(2)
2 1
( )
2 ( ) ( )
qT T T Q rw T Tn ft z c c zz p n f p n f
(3)
2
2 l
c c c
w D k c cn ft z z
(4)
The appropriate initial and boundary conditions for the
problem is given by
0
( , ) 0, , 0
int int(0, ) 1 ( ) , (0, ) , (0, )
2
( , ) 0, ( , ) , ( , ) , 1 0
u z t T T c c for t z
u t U e e T t T c t cw w
u t T t T c t c fort
(5)
Thermo-Physical properties are related as follows:
(1 ) ,
( )
kn f
n f f s n f cp n f
( ) (1 ) ( ) ( )c c c
p n f p f p s
( ) (1 )( ) ( )
n f f s
21 Re
1 1
d
f
k k k c k d pr
n f f p p pd
p
2
1
1 2.5 4.5
(2 )(1 )
n f
f
p p p
h h h
d d d
(6)
Where 1 0.01 is a constant for considering the kapitza
Resistance per unit area
6
1 18 10c is proportionality constant
231.381 10
Re
3 3 0.738
d
T Tp
d
p d l
f f p f f f
0.384fd nm for water
Pr = Prandtl number = f
f
fl = Mean free path = 0.738
k = Boltzmann constant, T = 300 k
We consider the solution of Esq. (1) as w = - w0 (7)
Thus, we introduce the following dimensionless variables:
2
0( ) , ( ) *, ( ) ,
2
0 0
, ,0
Uf f
z Z t t n
U U f
T T c c
u UU c
T T c cw w
44 1
3
T
qr y
We assume that the temperature differences within the flow
are sufficiently small so that the 4
T can be expressed as a
linear function after using Taylor series to expand 4
T about
the free stream temperature T and neglecting higher-order
terms. This result is the following approximation:
4 3 4
4 3T T T T
By using above, we obtain
2 4 3
1
2
16
3
rq T T
z z
(8)
Using equations 5, 6, 7, 8 the Equations 2, 3 & 4 can be
written in the following dimensionless form:
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 283
2
1 1 2.5 4.5
2 ( )1
1
2 ( )
2 1
( )
os 1 os
( )
s
f
p p p
U U
S
Z
U T s
Z T fh h h
d d d
Gc s cC C C
Gc f r
( )
1
( )
cp s
S
c Zp f
2 21 521 0.01 28632.9991 10
2 3 2
ck k f p fp p
p k k d Zr f f p f
21 1 4 1
23
QHp p R Zr r a
21
2
c c c
S K C
Z S c Z
Where the corresponding boundary conditions (5) can be
written in the dimensionless form as:
( , ) 0, ( , ) 0, ( , ) 0 0
(0, ) 1 ( ) , (0, ) 1, (0, ) 10 02
( , ) 0, ( , ) 0, ( , ) 0
U z t z t C z t for t z
int intU t U e e t C t
t
U t t C t
Here Pr is the Prandtl number, Ra is the Radiation parameter
and QH is the heat source parameter, Sc is the Schimdth
number, K is the chemical Reaction parameter, Gr is the
Grashof number, Gc is the Molecular Grashof number, which
is defined as:
3 24 1
, , ,
2
0
, ,
2
0
l
T Qf f
p R Qr a Hk k Uf nf f
kf f
S c K
D Un f
g c cG c f w fc
G g T Tr T f w f
Where the velocity characteristic 0U is defined as:
1/3
( )0U g T Tf w f
The local Nusselt number Nu in dimension less form:
'(0)
nf
f
k
Nu
k
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The governing equations are solved by using Method of lines
with the help of Mathematica package and Z is limited to 6.
The variations of velocity U, temperature θ and diffusion C
are graphically exhibited. By keeping Pr = 6.2, nt = π/2 and ε =
0.02. The effects of various parameters are as follows.
The velocity increases with increase in volume fraction ( ) of
the nano-fluid. It indicates the nano particle density dominates
the motion of the solute more. It is exhibited in Fig.1 the
variation of U with liquid like layer thickness (h) is exhibited
in Fig.2 the flow is resisted with increase in h. As the
thickness increases the flow of the nano-fluid is very much
decreasing. From Fig.3 it is observed that the flow increases
with particle size (dp). The friction among the liquid and the
metal particles enhance the velocity. From Fig.4 the velocity
decreases with increase in the inclination angle (γ) of the plate.
From Fig.5 the velocity decreases with increase in the heat
source ( HQ ).There is no significant influence on the flow
field by the moderate heat source. From Fig.6 it observed that
the radiation parameter ( aR ) decreases the velocity. From Fig.
7 the increase in kinematic viscosity/decrease in diffusivity
(Sc) decreases the velocity. From Fig. 8 the velocity increases
from generative (K<0) to destructive (K>0) chemical reactions
and found moderate for no reaction.
From Fig.9 it is observed that the increase in solid particles
( ) increases the temperature. Fig.10 exhibits the variation of
temperature with size of the solid particle (dp). The
temperature increases with increase in size of the particle.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 284
Fig.11 is temperature profile varying with heat source
parameter ( HQ ). It found that the temperature decreases with
increase in heat source. The increase in radiation parameter
( aR ) decreases temperature, it shown in Fig.12.The diffusivity
decreases with increase in kinematic viscosity (Sc) from Fig.
13.The diffusivity increases with chemical reaction changes
from generative to destructive from Fig.14.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
φ = 0, 0.05, 0.15
Fig.1 Variation of U with
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
h = 2,4,6,8,10
Fig.2 Variation of U with h
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
dp = 20,40,60,80,100
Fig.3 Variation of U with pd
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
γ = π/6 , π/4 , π/3
Fig.4 Variation of U with γ
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Qh = 1,5,10
Fig.5 Variation of U with HQ
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Ra = 0.1 , 0.4 , 0.8
Fig.6 Variation of U with Ra
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 285
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Sc = 0.3,0.6,1.3
Fig.7 Variation of U with Sc
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
K = - 0.5 , 0 , 0.5
Fig.8 Variation of U with K
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
φ = 0,0.05,0.15
Fig.9 Variation of θ with
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
dp = 20,40,60,80,100
Fig.10 Variation of θ with pd
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Qh = 1,5,10
Fig.11 Variation of θ with QH
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Ra = 0.1,0.4,0.8
Fig.12 Variation of θ with aR
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 286
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Sc = 0.3 , 0.6 , 1.3
Fig.13 Variation of C with Sc
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
K = - 0.5, 0, 0.5
Fig.14 Variation of C with K
4. NUSSELLT NUMBER:
The variation of rate of heat transfer coefficient for various
volume fractions, size of the particle and heat source is
displayed in Table – 1. The rate of heat transfer increases with
increase in heat source for all volume fractions of the solid
particles. But the rate of heat transfer is almost constant for
low volume fractions for various sizes of the particle where as
a significant enhancement of rate of heat transfer is observed
for increase in size of the particle for higher volume fractions.
Table -1: Nussellt Number Values
5.0,6.0,
3
kSc
REFERENCES
[1]. M.I Anwar, I.Khan , S.Sharidan and M.Z.Salleh,
Conjugate effets of heat and mass transfer of nano Fluids over
a non- linear stretching sheet (2012) IJPS vol 7(26), pp 4081-
4092.
[2]. Buongiorno J (2006) Convective transport in nano-fluids.
ASME J Heat Transfer [128:240–250].
[3]. M. A. A. Hamad, I. Pop, Unsteady MHD free convection
flow past a vertical permeable flat plate In a rotating frame of
reference with constant heat source in a nano-fluid, Heat Mass
Transfer (2011) [47:1517–1524].
[4]. Khan, W.A., A. Aziz (2011). Natural convection flow of a
nano-fluid over a vertical plate with Uniform surface heat
flux, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,[50: 1207-
1214].
[5]. Kuznetsov AV, Nield DA (2010) Natural convective
boundary layer flow of a nano-fluid past a vertical plate. Int J
Therm Sci [288:243–247]
[6]. Sarit Kumar Das, Stephen U.S. CHOI , Hrishikesh E.
Patel, Heat Transfer in Nano-fluids – A Review, Heat Transfer
Engineering, [27(10):3–19, 2006].
[7]. Hyun Uk Kang,Wun-gwi Kim and Sung Hyun Kim,
Effect of particle migration on the heat transfer of nanofluid
(2007) Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol.19, No.3,
November 2007 pp. 99-107
BIOGRAPHIES
G.V.P.N.Srikanth working as an Assistant
Professor in the Department of
Mathematics, Guru Nanak Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad. He received
M.Sc degree in the stream of
Mathematics from Andhra University in
2007, and pursuing Ph.D in the stream of
convective Heat and Mass Transfer from
JNTUH, Hyderabad, India.He has presented Research papers
in National and International conferences and also published
papers in International Journals. In the field of interest
includes Fluid Dynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. He is a
Mathematician and logician. He received numerous honors
and awards including the best teacher award.
Dr.G.Srinivas working as Professor in the
Department of Mathematics, Guru Nanak
Institute of Technology, Hyderabad. He
received his Ph.D from Sri
Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur in
2006. In the field of interest includes
Fluid Dynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer.
He is Mathematician, philanthropist. He
made Numerous research presentations,
organized and contributed paper sessions, and served as the
reviewer at National and International conferences in
Mathematics. He has supervised Research scholars for their
HQ = 5;
dp= 20
HQ = 5;
dp= 40
HQ = 5;
dp= 100
HQ = 1;
dp= 20
HQ = 10;
dp= 20
0.05 1.99986 1.99986 1.99984 1.56649 2.45631
0.15 2.64386 2.64438 2.64439 2.05106 3.2664
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 287
Ph.D. His focus is helping, developing and implement a new
teaching and learning framework.
Dr.B.Tulasi Lakshmi Devi working as an
Associate Professor in the Department of
Mathematics, Guru Nanak Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad. She received
her Ph.D from Sri Krishnadevaraya
University, Anantapur in 2011. In the
field of interest includes Fluid Dynamics,
Micro polar Fluds.
Dr.S.Sreenatha Reddy is Professor,
orator, linguist and man of letter in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Principal of Guru Nanak Institute of
Technology. He received Ph.D from
JNTUA, Annatapur. He took over a well
organized institution, where he was able
to hire the best staff and thus attract
good quality students. Under his
leadership the college roll grew leading to increased revenue
from the government income from fee. He was skilled in
managing in finance investments and equipped the workshops
and laboratories with facilities far superior to those in any
other technical college in India. He has supervised research
projects.