IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document analyzes three-dimensional Couette flow and heat transfer through a porous medium between two permeable plates under a magnetic field. The stationary plate is maintained at a sinusoidal temperature while the moving plate moves at a uniform velocity under isothermal conditions. Mathematical equations are presented to model the velocity, temperature, and pressure fields based on parameters like permeability, magnetic field strength, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number. Boundary conditions are specified for the plates. The analysis aims to derive expressions for skin friction and Nusselt number at the plates in terms of the Reynolds number.
Numerical study of mhd boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents a numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching surface with thermal radiation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. A Runge-Kutta shooting method is used to solve the coupled non-linear system numerically. The effects of parameters such as the Prandtl number, Grashoff number, Eckert number, and velocity ratio parameter are analyzed through graphs of the velocity and temperature profiles. The results are compared to known solutions to validate the numerical method.
MHD Free Convection from an Isothermal Truncated Cone with Variable Viscosity...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a study of MHD free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with
variable viscosity about an isothermal truncated cone in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The fluid
viscosity is assumed to vary as a inverse linear function of temperature. The non-linear coupled partial
differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by using an implicit
finite - difference scheme along with quasilinearization technique. The non-similar solutions have been obtained
for the problem, overcoming numerical difficulties near the leading edge and in the downstream regime. Results
indicate that skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by, both, viscosity-variation parameter and
magnetic field. In fact, the transverse magnetic field influences the momentum and thermal fields, considerably.
Further, skin friction is found to decrease and heat transfer increases near the leading edge. Also, it is found that
the direction of heat transfer gets reversed during heat generation.
EFFECT OF SLIP PARAMETER OF A BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW FOR NANOFLUID OVER A VERTIC...IAEME Publication
In this paper we analyze the effect of momentum slip, thermal slip and solutal slip on stagnation point flow of MHD nanofluid towards stretching sheet .The governing partial differential equation of flow, heat and mass transfer on considered flow are converted into the ordinary differential equations by means of similarity trans formations .The resulting equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta fourth order method with efficient shooting technique. Effects of various governing parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer are studied through the plots. The various numerical tables which are calculated and tabulated. A comparison of our present results with a previous study has been done and we found that an excellent agreement is there with the earlier results and of ours.
Magneto convective flowand heat transfer of two immiscible fluids between ver...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Non-NewtonianFluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Non- Linearly Stretching Sur...IJERA Editor
This paper investigates the MHD flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting non-newtonian power-law
fluid over a non-linearly stretching surface along with porous plate in porous medium. The governing equations
are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. These
equations are then solved numerically with the help ofRunge – Kutta shooting method. The effect of various
flow parameters in the form of dimensionless quantities on the flow field are discussed and presented
graphically.
Numerical simulation of marangoni driven boundary layer flow over a flat plat...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying Marangoni convection flow over a flat plate with an imposed temperature
distribution. Plate temperature varies with x in the following prescribed manner: where A and k are constants.
By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of
nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton
Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab
environment. Velocity profiles for various values of k, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and k are illustrated
graphically. The results of the present simulation are then compared with the previous works available in literature with good
agreement.
Keywords: Matlab, Marangoni Convection, Numerical Simulation, Surface Tension, Flat Plate.
This document analyzes three-dimensional Couette flow and heat transfer through a porous medium between two permeable plates under a magnetic field. The stationary plate is maintained at a sinusoidal temperature while the moving plate moves at a uniform velocity under isothermal conditions. Mathematical equations are presented to model the velocity, temperature, and pressure fields based on parameters like permeability, magnetic field strength, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number. Boundary conditions are specified for the plates. The analysis aims to derive expressions for skin friction and Nusselt number at the plates in terms of the Reynolds number.
Numerical study of mhd boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer...eSAT Publishing House
This document presents a numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching surface with thermal radiation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. A Runge-Kutta shooting method is used to solve the coupled non-linear system numerically. The effects of parameters such as the Prandtl number, Grashoff number, Eckert number, and velocity ratio parameter are analyzed through graphs of the velocity and temperature profiles. The results are compared to known solutions to validate the numerical method.
MHD Free Convection from an Isothermal Truncated Cone with Variable Viscosity...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a study of MHD free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with
variable viscosity about an isothermal truncated cone in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The fluid
viscosity is assumed to vary as a inverse linear function of temperature. The non-linear coupled partial
differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by using an implicit
finite - difference scheme along with quasilinearization technique. The non-similar solutions have been obtained
for the problem, overcoming numerical difficulties near the leading edge and in the downstream regime. Results
indicate that skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by, both, viscosity-variation parameter and
magnetic field. In fact, the transverse magnetic field influences the momentum and thermal fields, considerably.
Further, skin friction is found to decrease and heat transfer increases near the leading edge. Also, it is found that
the direction of heat transfer gets reversed during heat generation.
EFFECT OF SLIP PARAMETER OF A BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW FOR NANOFLUID OVER A VERTIC...IAEME Publication
In this paper we analyze the effect of momentum slip, thermal slip and solutal slip on stagnation point flow of MHD nanofluid towards stretching sheet .The governing partial differential equation of flow, heat and mass transfer on considered flow are converted into the ordinary differential equations by means of similarity trans formations .The resulting equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta fourth order method with efficient shooting technique. Effects of various governing parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer are studied through the plots. The various numerical tables which are calculated and tabulated. A comparison of our present results with a previous study has been done and we found that an excellent agreement is there with the earlier results and of ours.
Magneto convective flowand heat transfer of two immiscible fluids between ver...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Non-NewtonianFluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Non- Linearly Stretching Sur...IJERA Editor
This paper investigates the MHD flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting non-newtonian power-law
fluid over a non-linearly stretching surface along with porous plate in porous medium. The governing equations
are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. These
equations are then solved numerically with the help ofRunge – Kutta shooting method. The effect of various
flow parameters in the form of dimensionless quantities on the flow field are discussed and presented
graphically.
Numerical simulation of marangoni driven boundary layer flow over a flat plat...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying Marangoni convection flow over a flat plate with an imposed temperature
distribution. Plate temperature varies with x in the following prescribed manner: where A and k are constants.
By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of
nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton
Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab
environment. Velocity profiles for various values of k, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and k are illustrated
graphically. The results of the present simulation are then compared with the previous works available in literature with good
agreement.
Keywords: Matlab, Marangoni Convection, Numerical Simulation, Surface Tension, Flat Plate.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical study of natural convection in an enclosed square cavity using cons...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a numerical study of natural convection in an enclosed square cavity using the Constrained Interpolated Profile (CIP) method. The CIP method was used to simulate the natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a square cavity with differentially heated side walls. The streamlines and isotherms obtained for Rayleigh numbers of 103, 104, and 105 were compared to published literature and found to be in good agreement. The CIP method solves the advection phase equation using CIP and the non-advection phase using finite difference methods. Governing equations for the vorticity transport and energy equations are presented and discretized for solution using the CIPNSE method.
Mathematical modelling and analysis of three dimensional darcyIAEME Publication
This document presents a mathematical model and numerical analysis of three-dimensional natural convection in an inclined porous box using the Darcy-Brinkman flow model. Governing equations for mass, momentum and energy are derived in dimensionless form using parameters like Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and aspect ratios. Numerical solutions are obtained for varying parameters like Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and angle of inclination. Results show that average Nusselt number first increases and then decreases with inclination angle, due to a transition from multicellular to unicellular flow patterns. Three-dimensional effects are more pronounced at lower aspect ratios.
Effects of some thermo physical properties on forceAlexander Decker
This document presents research on force convective stagnation point flow over a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions in the presence of thermal radiation and a magnetic field. Governing equations for the flow are derived and non-dimensionalized. The equations are then solved numerically using a shooting method. Results show that increasing the magnetic field parameter decreases velocity, while increasing the Biot number increases temperature. Temperature is also found to decrease with increasing Eckert number, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter. Skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are presented for various parameter values.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical simulation on laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non-isothermal horizontal plate.
plate temperature Tw varies with x in the following prescribed manner:
T T Cx w
n 1
where C and n are constants. By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow
are transformed to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and
integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical
analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and n are illustrated graphically.
Flow and heat transfer parameters are derived. The results of the present simulation are then compared with experimental data in
literature with good agreement.
Keywords: Free Convection, Heat Transfer, Non-isothermal Horizontal Plate, Matlab, Numerical Simulation.
Thermal radiation effects on mhd free convection flow of a micropolar fluid p...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on thermal radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of a micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium. The governing equations for momentum, angular momentum, and energy are solved numerically. Key findings include:
1) The micropolar fluid model helps reduce drag forces and acts as a cooling agent compared to classical fluids.
2) Parameters like the Darcy number, radiation, magnetic field, and porous medium properties influence the velocity, microrotation, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer.
3) Increased microrotation constant and coupling constant reduce skin friction but increase heat transfer.
Effects of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on MHD free Convection...theijes
This document summarizes a study that numerically investigates the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection and mass transfer flow over an inclined vertical surface in a porous medium with heat generation. The governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using a shooting method. The results show that increasing the viscosity variation parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, magnetic parameter, permeability parameter, or Schmidt number decreases the fluid velocity, while increasing the heat generation parameter, local Grashof number, or mass Grashof number increases the fluid velocity. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also computed and presented in tabular form.
Natural convection in a two sided lid-driven inclined porous enclosure with s...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study of natural convection in a two-sided lid-driven inclined porous enclosure with a sinusoidal thermal boundary condition on one wall. The governing equations for the fluid flow and heat transfer were solved numerically using a finite difference method. Results are presented for streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt number, and average Nusselt number for various values of thermal radiation and heat generation parameters at different inclination angles of the enclosure. The key findings are that the flow pattern and temperature field depend significantly on the thermal parameters and inclination angle. Grid independence studies were performed to validate the numerical results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
TWO FLUID ELECTROMAGNETO CONVECTIVE FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN VERTICAL W...IAEME Publication
The mixture of viscous and magneto convective flow and heat transfer between a long vertical wavy wall and a parallel flat wall in the presence of applied electric field parallel to gravity , magnetic field normal to gravity in the presence of source or sink is investigated. The non-linear equations governing the flow are solved using the linearization technique. The effect of Grash of number and width ratio is to promote the flow for both open and short circuits. The effect of Hartmann number is to suppress the flow, the effect of source is to promote and the effect of sink is to suppress the velocity for open and short circuit s. Conducting ratio decreases the temperature where as width ratio increases the temperature.
Similarity Solution of an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer Boundary Layer Flow...iosrjce
The unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting
fluid through a porous medium bounded by a moving surface has been considered. It is assumed that the moving
surface has a velocity profile with respect to time and fluid flow is taken under the influence of a transverse
magnetic field. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations,
describing the problem under consideration, into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential
equations and an efficient numerical technique is implemented to solve the reduced system. The effects of the
parameters such as Magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number are discussed graphically on
velocity and temperature distributions
Double Diffusive Convection and the Improvement of Flow in Square Porous AnnulusIJERA Editor
There has been increased interest shown in recent years to investigate the behavior of heat and mass transfer in a square annulus with a porous medium fixed between the inner and outer walls. This paper aims to evaluate the Soret effect arising in the case of heat and mass transfer in a porous medium bounded by a square annulus and subjected to isothermal heating of the inner surfaces as well as the outer horizontal surfaces. The phenomenon is governed by 3 partial differential equations, the momentum, energy and concentration equations, that are coupled together and result in a situation where change in one variable affects the other equations and vice versa. The partial differential equations are converted into finite element equations with the help of the Galerkin method and then solved to predict solution variables such as temperature, stream function and concentration in the porous medium. It is found that the heat transfer rate at the hot wall decreases with increasing viscous dissipation effect in the porous medium.
Effect of Mass Transfer and Hall Current on Unsteady MHD Flow with Thermal Di...IJERA Editor
The paper investigated the effect of mass transfer and Hall current on unsteady MHD flow with Thermal Diffusivity of a viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium. The resultant equations have been solved analytically. The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are derived, and their profiles for various physical parameters are shown through graphs. The coefficient of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are derived and their numerical values for various physical parameters are presented through tables. The influence of various parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, viscoelasticity parameter, Hartmann number, Hall parameter, and the frequency of oscillation on the flow field are discussed. It is seen that, the velocity increases with the increase in Gc, Gr, m and K, and it decreases with increase in Sc,M, n and Pr, temperature decreases with increase in Pr and n, Also, the concentration decreases with the increase in Sc and n.
Numerical simulation on laminar convection flow and heat transfer over an iso...eSAT Journals
Abstract A numerical algorithm is presented for studying laminar convection flow and heat transfer over an isothermal vertical horizontal plate embedded in a saturated porous medium. By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated graphically. Heat transfer parameters are derived. Keywords
This document summarizes a study examining the slow steady motion of a second-order thermo-viscous fluid between two parallel plates with constant pressure and temperature gradients. The study obtains closed-form solutions for the velocity and temperature distributions for two cases: when the upper plate is in relative motion and when it is thermally insulated. Graphs show the effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and transverse forces.
The effect of rotor disc clearance on the lift performance of contra rotating...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Buckling analysis of line continuum with new matrices of stiffness and geometryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical study of natural convection in an enclosed square cavity using cons...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a numerical study of natural convection in an enclosed square cavity using the Constrained Interpolated Profile (CIP) method. The CIP method was used to simulate the natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a square cavity with differentially heated side walls. The streamlines and isotherms obtained for Rayleigh numbers of 103, 104, and 105 were compared to published literature and found to be in good agreement. The CIP method solves the advection phase equation using CIP and the non-advection phase using finite difference methods. Governing equations for the vorticity transport and energy equations are presented and discretized for solution using the CIPNSE method.
Mathematical modelling and analysis of three dimensional darcyIAEME Publication
This document presents a mathematical model and numerical analysis of three-dimensional natural convection in an inclined porous box using the Darcy-Brinkman flow model. Governing equations for mass, momentum and energy are derived in dimensionless form using parameters like Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and aspect ratios. Numerical solutions are obtained for varying parameters like Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and angle of inclination. Results show that average Nusselt number first increases and then decreases with inclination angle, due to a transition from multicellular to unicellular flow patterns. Three-dimensional effects are more pronounced at lower aspect ratios.
Effects of some thermo physical properties on forceAlexander Decker
This document presents research on force convective stagnation point flow over a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions in the presence of thermal radiation and a magnetic field. Governing equations for the flow are derived and non-dimensionalized. The equations are then solved numerically using a shooting method. Results show that increasing the magnetic field parameter decreases velocity, while increasing the Biot number increases temperature. Temperature is also found to decrease with increasing Eckert number, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter. Skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are presented for various parameter values.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical simulation on laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A numerical algorithm is presented for studying laminar convection flow and heat transfer over a non-isothermal horizontal plate.
plate temperature Tw varies with x in the following prescribed manner:
T T Cx w
n 1
where C and n are constants. By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow
are transformed to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and
integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical
analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity, and temperature profiles for various Prandtl number and n are illustrated graphically.
Flow and heat transfer parameters are derived. The results of the present simulation are then compared with experimental data in
literature with good agreement.
Keywords: Free Convection, Heat Transfer, Non-isothermal Horizontal Plate, Matlab, Numerical Simulation.
Thermal radiation effects on mhd free convection flow of a micropolar fluid p...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on thermal radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of a micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium. The governing equations for momentum, angular momentum, and energy are solved numerically. Key findings include:
1) The micropolar fluid model helps reduce drag forces and acts as a cooling agent compared to classical fluids.
2) Parameters like the Darcy number, radiation, magnetic field, and porous medium properties influence the velocity, microrotation, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer.
3) Increased microrotation constant and coupling constant reduce skin friction but increase heat transfer.
Effects of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on MHD free Convection...theijes
This document summarizes a study that numerically investigates the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection and mass transfer flow over an inclined vertical surface in a porous medium with heat generation. The governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using a shooting method. The results show that increasing the viscosity variation parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, magnetic parameter, permeability parameter, or Schmidt number decreases the fluid velocity, while increasing the heat generation parameter, local Grashof number, or mass Grashof number increases the fluid velocity. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also computed and presented in tabular form.
Natural convection in a two sided lid-driven inclined porous enclosure with s...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study of natural convection in a two-sided lid-driven inclined porous enclosure with a sinusoidal thermal boundary condition on one wall. The governing equations for the fluid flow and heat transfer were solved numerically using a finite difference method. Results are presented for streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt number, and average Nusselt number for various values of thermal radiation and heat generation parameters at different inclination angles of the enclosure. The key findings are that the flow pattern and temperature field depend significantly on the thermal parameters and inclination angle. Grid independence studies were performed to validate the numerical results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
TWO FLUID ELECTROMAGNETO CONVECTIVE FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN VERTICAL W...IAEME Publication
The mixture of viscous and magneto convective flow and heat transfer between a long vertical wavy wall and a parallel flat wall in the presence of applied electric field parallel to gravity , magnetic field normal to gravity in the presence of source or sink is investigated. The non-linear equations governing the flow are solved using the linearization technique. The effect of Grash of number and width ratio is to promote the flow for both open and short circuits. The effect of Hartmann number is to suppress the flow, the effect of source is to promote and the effect of sink is to suppress the velocity for open and short circuit s. Conducting ratio decreases the temperature where as width ratio increases the temperature.
Similarity Solution of an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer Boundary Layer Flow...iosrjce
The unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting
fluid through a porous medium bounded by a moving surface has been considered. It is assumed that the moving
surface has a velocity profile with respect to time and fluid flow is taken under the influence of a transverse
magnetic field. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations,
describing the problem under consideration, into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential
equations and an efficient numerical technique is implemented to solve the reduced system. The effects of the
parameters such as Magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number are discussed graphically on
velocity and temperature distributions
Double Diffusive Convection and the Improvement of Flow in Square Porous AnnulusIJERA Editor
There has been increased interest shown in recent years to investigate the behavior of heat and mass transfer in a square annulus with a porous medium fixed between the inner and outer walls. This paper aims to evaluate the Soret effect arising in the case of heat and mass transfer in a porous medium bounded by a square annulus and subjected to isothermal heating of the inner surfaces as well as the outer horizontal surfaces. The phenomenon is governed by 3 partial differential equations, the momentum, energy and concentration equations, that are coupled together and result in a situation where change in one variable affects the other equations and vice versa. The partial differential equations are converted into finite element equations with the help of the Galerkin method and then solved to predict solution variables such as temperature, stream function and concentration in the porous medium. It is found that the heat transfer rate at the hot wall decreases with increasing viscous dissipation effect in the porous medium.
Effect of Mass Transfer and Hall Current on Unsteady MHD Flow with Thermal Di...IJERA Editor
The paper investigated the effect of mass transfer and Hall current on unsteady MHD flow with Thermal Diffusivity of a viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium. The resultant equations have been solved analytically. The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are derived, and their profiles for various physical parameters are shown through graphs. The coefficient of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are derived and their numerical values for various physical parameters are presented through tables. The influence of various parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, viscoelasticity parameter, Hartmann number, Hall parameter, and the frequency of oscillation on the flow field are discussed. It is seen that, the velocity increases with the increase in Gc, Gr, m and K, and it decreases with increase in Sc,M, n and Pr, temperature decreases with increase in Pr and n, Also, the concentration decreases with the increase in Sc and n.
Numerical simulation on laminar convection flow and heat transfer over an iso...eSAT Journals
Abstract A numerical algorithm is presented for studying laminar convection flow and heat transfer over an isothermal vertical horizontal plate embedded in a saturated porous medium. By means of similarity transformation, the original nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab environment. Velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated graphically. Heat transfer parameters are derived. Keywords
This document summarizes a study examining the slow steady motion of a second-order thermo-viscous fluid between two parallel plates with constant pressure and temperature gradients. The study obtains closed-form solutions for the velocity and temperature distributions for two cases: when the upper plate is in relative motion and when it is thermally insulated. Graphs show the effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and transverse forces.
The effect of rotor disc clearance on the lift performance of contra rotating...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Buckling analysis of line continuum with new matrices of stiffness and geometryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Online social network mining current trends and research issueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document describes the synthesis and morphology of silicon nanoparticles deposited on a silicon dioxide substrate using low pressure chemical vapor deposition with varying deposition times. Atomic force microscopy and image analysis software were used to characterize the nanoparticles and found that their height, density, and size varied with deposition time, with heights between 1-3 nm, densities from 2x1011 to 3.5x1011 particles/cm2, and sizes of 2-10 nm. The goal was to study how the morphological and electrical characteristics of the nanoparticles changed with different deposition parameters.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses modeling and simulation of photovoltaic cells. It compares the single diode model, two diode model, and Simscape modeling approaches. The single diode model assumes no recombination losses, while the two diode model accounts for these losses and is more accurate at low irradiances. Simscape provides a solar cell block that models the cells with either 5 or 8 parameters. Simulation results show the two diode model and Simscape modeling are more precise than the single diode model, with the two diode model showing a 0.13W higher power output and Simscape a 0.02W higher output compared to the single diode model under standard test conditions. Overall, Simscape is identified as the most precise modeling tool for photo
Realization of high performance run time loadable mips soft-core processoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
1. Pounding is a major cause of damage to adjacent buildings during earthquakes when they are constructed close together without sufficient separation.
2. The study analyzes seismic pounding forces between buildings of different heights and floor levels using software. It finds that pounding damage increases when buildings have different dynamic properties or are inadequately separated.
3. Pounding can cause non-structural to severe structural damage. The required minimum separation between buildings according to codes is 15-30 mm depending on building type, but may need to be larger.
This document discusses various privacy preservation techniques in data mining. It summarizes classification, clustering, and association rule learning as common privacy preservation approaches. For classification, it describes decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and naive Bayes models. It provides advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. The document concludes that privacy preservation techniques have emerged to allow for efficient and effective data mining while protecting sensitive data.
Tools description for product development process management in food industrieseSAT Publishing House
This document describes tools that can be used to manage the pre-development phase of the product development process in food industries. It discusses two reference models for structuring the product development process into phases - one by Rozenfeld et al that outlines the process into three macrophases (pre-development, development, post-development) and one by Penso that is adapted for food industries. The pre-development macrophase is described as important because it involves strategic planning activities that guide the development process and determine the future business scenario. The document analyzes tools from literature that could be applied in the two phases of pre-development - product strategic planning and project planning.
“Remedies over the obstacles in implementing automation in indian infrastruct...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Stability and surface free energy analysis of a liquid drop on a horizontal c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MHD Free Convection from an Isothermal Truncated Cone with Variable Viscosity...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a study of MHD free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid with
variable viscosity about an isothermal truncated cone in the presence of heat generation or absorption. The fluid
viscosity is assumed to vary as a inverse linear function of temperature. The non-linear coupled partial
differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by using an implicit
finite - difference scheme along with quasilinearization technique. The non-similar solutions have been obtained
for the problem, overcoming numerical difficulties near the leading edge and in the downstream regime. Results
indicate that skin friction and heat transfer are strongly affected by, both, viscosity-variation parameter and
magnetic field. In fact, the transverse magnetic field influences the momentum and thermal fields, considerably.
Further, skin friction is found to decrease and heat transfer increases near the leading edge. Also, it is found that
the direction of heat transfer gets reversed during heat generation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Slow steady motion of a thermo viscous fluid between two parallel plates with...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the slow steady motion of a second order thermo-viscous fluid between two parallel plates is examined. The closed form
solutions of the velocity and temperature distributions are obtained when thermo-stress coefficient is far less compared to strain
thermal conductivity coefficient and coefficient of cross viscosity for the following two cases: (i) when the upper plate is in relative
motion and (ii) when the upper plate is thermally insulated. The heat transfer coefficient on the upper plate , The mean Bulk
temperature and the transverse force perpendicular to the flow direction are also calculated. It is observed that forces are generated
in transverse directions which are special feature of these types of fluids. The effect of various flow parameters on the flow field have
been discussed with the help of graphical illustrations.
Keywords: Thermo-viscous fluids, Strain thermal conductivity coefficient and Thermo stress Coefficient.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
The document summarizes a study on the effect of thermal radiation on boundary layer flow of a second-grade fluid over a stretching sheet through a porous medium, where the fluid's viscosity and thermal conductivity are temperature dependent. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized using similarity transformations and then solved numerically. Results show the effects of various parameters like radiation, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and porosity on the fluid's velocity and temperature profiles, as well as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document presents a mathematical analysis of the unsteady free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous medium with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The governing equations for momentum, temperature, and concentration are non-dimensionalized and solved using an explicit finite difference method. Key aspects include:
1) The flow is induced by an exponentially accelerated vertical plate with variable temperature and concentration.
2) Viscosity and thermal conductivity are assumed to vary linearly with temperature.
3) The resulting non-dimensional equations are nonlinear partial differential equations solved numerically.
4) Skin friction and Nusselt numbers are defined and analyzed graphically.
This document summarizes a study that examines heat and mass transfer over a vertical plate in a porous medium with Soret and Dufour effects, a convective surface boundary condition, chemical reaction, and magnetic field. The governing equations for the fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer are presented. Similarity solutions are used to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically. The results are presented graphically to show the influence of various parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes boundary layer flow and heat transfer along an infinite porous hot horizontal plate using the natural transformation method. The researchers transformed the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and solved them using natural transformation. They found that increasing the plate velocity significantly impacts the fluid flow and heat transfer, decreasing skin friction and increasing the Nusselt number. Graphs show how the velocity and temperature profiles are affected by parameters like plate velocity, Prandtl number, and heat source/sink value.
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
The effect of magnetic field on the boundary layer flow over a stretching she...IAEME Publication
The boundary layer flow created due to a linearly stretching sheet in a nanofluid is studied numerically. The boundary value problem consisting of nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, using similarity transformation and are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method, with shooting technique. The transport equations include the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.
The present study analyzes the steady boundary layer slip flow of magneto-nanofluid due to an exponentially permeable stretching sheet with heat generation/absorption. In this paper, the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on heat transfer and nanoparticle volume friction are considered. Using shooting technique along with fourth-order Runge-Kutta method the transformed equations are solved. The study reveals that the governing parameters, namely, the magnetic parameter, wall mass suction parameter, Prandtl number, the Lewis number, slip parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, Brownian motion parameter, and thermophoresis parameter, have major effects on the flow field, the heat transfer, and the nanoparticle volume fraction as well as skin friction, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number has been discussed in detail.
Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes’ second problem for unsteady second...IJERA Editor
In this paper, we investigated the combined effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes’ second problem for
unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the
temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and
temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses a numerical study of the effect of thermal radiation on free convection boundary layer flow over a vertical wavy cone. The governing equations for steady, laminar, two-dimensional flow are presented and non-dimensionalized. These equations are then solved using the Mathematica technique. Graphs of the dimensionless temperature, velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are generated for various values of the Prandtl number, radiation parameter, surface wave amplitude, and cone half-angle. The results are discussed to analyze the impact of thermal radiation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the steady magnetohydrodynamic mass transfer flow of a polar fluid through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate. The paper presents the governing equations for the fluid flow, angular momentum, energy, and concentration considering effects such as magnetic field, thermal diffusion, and radiation. Exact solutions for the velocity, angular velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are obtained. The skin friction and heat transfer rate are also derived. Graphs illustrate the effects of various parameters on the flow behavior and transport properties.
Thermal Effects in Stokes’ Second Problem for Unsteady Second Grade Fluid Flo...IOSR Journals
In this paper, we investigated the effects of magnetic field and thermal in Stokes’ second problem for unsteady second grade fluid flow through a porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and temperature field are studied through graphs in detail.
Effects of conduction on magneto hydrodynamics mixed convection flow in trian...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes research on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow in triangular enclosures. Key points:
1) The study investigates the effects of conduction on MHD mixed convection flow in triangular enclosures using a finite element method.
2) Parameters like the Hartmann number, Prandtl number, Reynolds number, and Rayleigh number are found to strongly influence the flow and thermal fields.
3) Validation of the numerical code is done by comparing average Nusselt numbers to previous research on natural convection in triangular enclosures.
Similar to Analysis of mhd non darcian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially vertically strtching surface with thermal radiation (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effect of lintels and lintel bands on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete masonry infilled frames through non-linear static pushover analysis. Four frame models are considered: a frame with a full masonry infill wall; a frame with a central opening but no lintel/band; a frame with a lintel above the opening; and a frame with a lintel band above the opening. The results show that the full infill wall model has 27% higher stiffness and 32% higher strength than the model with just an opening. Models with lintels or lintel bands have slightly higher strength and stiffness than the model with just an opening. The document concludes lintels and lintel
Wind damage to trees in the gitam university campus at visakhapatnam by cyclo...eSAT Publishing House
1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
2) A study assessed different types of damage to trees from the cyclone, including defoliation, salt spray damage, damage to stems/branches, and uprooting. Certain tree species were more vulnerable than others.
3) The results of the study can help in selecting more wind-resistant tree species for future planting and reducing damage from future storms.
Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
2) Residential and commercial buildings suffered extensive roof damage, while glass facades on hotels and restaurants were shattered. Infrastructure like electricity poles and bus shelters were destroyed.
3) Landscape elements faced damage, including collapsed trees that damaged pavements, and debris in parks. The cyclone wiped out over half the city's green cover and caused beach erosion around protected areas.
1) The document reviews factors that influence the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams, including compressive strength of concrete, percentage of tension reinforcement, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement, aggregate interlock, shear span-to-depth ratio, loading distribution, side cover, and beam depth.
2) It finds that compressive strength of concrete, tension reinforcement percentage, and web reinforcement all increase shear strength, while shear strength decreases as shear span-to-depth ratio increases.
3) The distribution and amount of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement also affects shear strength, but closely spaced stirrups do not necessarily enhance capacity or performance.
Role of voluntary teams of professional engineers in dissater management – ex...eSAT Publishing House
1) A team of 17 professional engineers from various disciplines called the "Griha Seva" team volunteered after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake to provide technical assistance.
2) The team conducted site visits, assessments, testing and recommended retrofitting strategies for damaged structures in Bhuj and Ahmedabad. They were able to fully assess and retrofit 20 buildings in Ahmedabad.
3) Factors observed that exacerbated the earthquake's impacts included unplanned construction, non-engineered buildings, improper prior retrofitting, and defective materials and workmanship. The professional engineers' technical expertise was crucial for effective post-disaster management.
This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Monitoring and assessment of air quality with reference to dust particles (pm...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Coastal zones – seismic vulnerability an analysis from east coast of indiaeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
Can fracture mechanics predict damage due disaster of structureseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses how fracture mechanics can be used to better predict damage and failure of structures. It notes that current design codes are based on small-scale laboratory tests and do not account for size effects, which can lead to more brittle failures in larger structures. The document outlines how fracture mechanics considers factors like size effect, ductility, and minimum reinforcement that influence the strength and failure behavior of structures. It provides examples of how fracture mechanics has been applied to problems like evaluating shear strength in deep beams and investigating a failure of an oil platform structure. The document argues that fracture mechanics provides a more scientific basis for structural design compared to existing empirical code provisions.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
1) A 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Paradip, Odisha in the Bay of Bengal on May 21, 2014 at a depth of around 40 km.
2) Analysis of magnetic and bathymetric data from the area revealed the presence of major lineaments in NW-SE and NE-SW directions that may be responsible for seismic activity through stress release.
3) Movements along growth faults at the margins of large Bengal channels, due to large sediment loads, could also contribute to seismic events by triggering movements along the faults.
Effect of hudhud cyclone on the development of visakhapatnam as smart and gre...eSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the effects of Cyclone Hudhud on the development of Visakhapatnam as a smart and green city through a case study and preliminary surveys. The surveys found that 31% of participants had experienced cyclones, 9% floods, and 59% landslides previously in Visakhapatnam. Awareness of disaster alarming systems increased from 14% before the 2004 tsunami to 85% during Cyclone Hudhud, while awareness of disaster management systems increased from 50% before the tsunami to 94% during Hudhud. The surveys indicate that initiatives after the tsunami improved awareness and preparedness. Developing Visakhapatnam as a smart, green city should consider governance
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Analysis of mhd non darcian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially vertically strtching surface with thermal radiation
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 987
ANALYSIS OF MHD NON-DARCIAN BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER AN EXPONENTIALLY VERTICALLY STRTCHING SURFACE WITH THERMAL RADIATION M. Subhas Abel1, Veena.M.Basangouda2, M.Narayana3, Prashant.G.metri4 1Dept of Mathematics Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India 2Dept of Mathematics Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India 3School of Advanced science, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India 4Dept of Mathematics Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India Abstract This paper deals with the numerical study of MHD Non-Darcianlayer flow on an exponentially stretching surface and free convection heat transfer with a presence of Thermal Radiation. The flow is considered over a stretching sheet in the presence of non dimensional parameters. Conversion of governing nonlinear boundary layer equations to coupled higher order non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The obtained governing equations were solved numerically by using keller box method. The various nondimentional parameters effects with velocity profile and thermal profile are discussed in detail with graphically. Keywords: Thermal Radiation, Statching Surface
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION In industrial manufacturing process the heat and mass transfer problems are well used. This phenomena applicable in wire and fibre coatings and transpiration cooling etc. In astrophysics and geophysics the MHD flow basically used. Basically the MHD flow has wide applications. Usually used in Engineering and industrial.T he fluid subjected to a magnetic field become a good agreement results. There is a wide application in Mechanical Engineering field.. After the pioneering work of Sakiadis [1, 2] many researchers gave attention to study flow and heat transfer of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids over a linear stretching sheet. By considering quadratic stretching sheet, Kumaran and Ramanaiah [3] analyzed the problem of heat transfer. Ali [4] investigated the thermal boundary layer flow on a power law stretching surface with suction or injection.
Elbashbeshy [5] analyzed the problem of heat transfer over an exponentially stretching sheet with suction. Magyari and Keller [6] discussed the heat and mass transfer in boundary layers on an exponentially stretching continuous surface. Sanjayanand and Khan [7, 8] extended the work of Elbashbeshy [5] to viscoelastic fluid flow, heat and mass transfer over an exponentially stretching sheet .Raptis et al.[9] constructed similarity solutions for boundary layer near a vertical surface in a porous medium with constant temperature and concentration. Bejan and Khair [10] used Darcy’s law to study the features of natural convection boundary layer flow driven by temperature and concentration gradients. Forchheimer[11] proposed quadratic term in Darcian velocity to describe the inertia effect in porous medium. Plumb and Huenefeld[12] studied the problem of non-Darcian free convection over a vertical isothermal flat plate. Rees and Pop[13] also studied yhe free convection flow along a vertical wavy surface with constant wall temperature. Rees and Pop[14] studied the case where the heated surface displays waves while the Darcys law is supplemented by the Forchheimerterms. They stated that the boundary flow remains self similar in the presence of surface waves but where inertia is absent, and when inertia is present but surface waves are absent. However, the combination of the two effects yields non similarity. Tsou et al.[15] studied flow and heat transfer in the boundary layer on a continuous moving surface while Gupta and Gupta[16] solved boundary layer flow with suction and injection. Andresson and Bech[17] have studied the MHD flow of the power law fluid over stretching sheet. Pavlov[18] gave an exact similarity solution to the MHD boundary layer equation for the steady and two dimensional flow caused solely by the stretching if an elastic surface in the presence of uniform magnetic field. M S Abel and Mahesha [19] heat transfer in MHD visco elastic fluid flow over a stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity non uniform heat, source andradiation. In the paper we analysed thermal radiation effect in a exponentially vertically stretching surface on a MHD flow. And effect of various physically parameters are also discussed in detail.
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2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
Under the usual boundary layer approximations, the flow and heat transfer in the presence of radiation effects are governed by the
following equations:
0
u v
x y
(1)
2 2
2 0
2 b ( ) u u u C B
u v u u g T T u
x y y k k
(2)
2
2 2 2
2 0
1
( ) ( ) r
p p p p
T T T u Q q
u v B u T T
x y y C C y C c y
(3)
The associated boundary conditions to the problem are
U= ( ), 0, ( ), w w U x v T T x at y=0, (4)
, u 0,T T as y (5)
0 ( ) ,
x
L
w U x U e (6)
2
0 ( ) ( ) ,
ax
L
w T x T T T e (7)
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Where 0 T and a are parameters of temperature distribution in the stretching surface. T is the temperature,K is the thermal
conductivity, p C is the Specific heat and r q is the radiative heat flux.
4 4
,
3 r
T
q
K y
(8)
Where K
is the mean absorption coefficient and is the Stefan-Boltzmann Constant.
4 T is expressed as a linear function of
temperature,hence
T 4 4T3T 3T 4 (9)
Introducing the following non- dimensional parameter
2 2 Re
, ( , ) 2Re ( ),
2
x x
L L y
e x ve f
L
(10)
2
0 ( , ) ( ) ( ),
ax
T x y T T T e L (11)
Where is the stream function which is defined in the usual form as
u
y
&
v
x
(12)
Substituting (10)&(11) in (12).We obtain u and v as follows
'
0 ( , ) ( ),
x
u x y u eL f 2 ' Re
( , ) [ ( ) ( )].
2
x
L v
v x y e f f
L
(13)
Eqns (1) to(5) istronsformed into the ordinary differential equation with the aid of equations( 10)-(13).Thus, the governing equations
using the diemensionalessfuction f() and ( ) become
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2
2
''' '' ' 2 2 '
2 1 (2 ) 2 2 ( ) 0
Re
ax
x x Ha
f ff N f Gre e e f N
(14)
(15)
The boundary conditions (4) and (5) reduce to
'' ' Re 2 (0).f(0)=0,f (0) 1, (0) 1, f x C X f (16)
' f () 0, () 0, (17)
Where,
x
X
L
2 2 1
( 0 )2
B L
Ha
is Hartman number,
2
0 0 / ( ) p Ec U c T T is Eckert
number,
2 /( Re) p QL c is the dimensionless heat generation/absorption
parameter,
3
1 0 2 ( )
L
Gr g T T
v
is the Grashof number, 0 Re U L/ v is Reynolds
number,
2
1 Gr=Gr /Re is the thermal buoyancy parameter, and Pr=
is the
Prandtlnumber,Where
2
1 , porous parameter
Re
L
N is the
k
2
2
b C L
N is the inertia coefficient
k
,
2 L,Z Ha /Re,a W .K=
3 4 T
K K
Radiation number.In the above system of local similarity equations ,the effect of the magnetic field is included as a ratio
of the Hartman number to the Reynolds number.
The physical quantities of interest in the problem are the local skin friction acting on the surface in contact with the ambient fluid of
constant density which is defined as
2 2
(2 ) 2
1 '' ' ' 2 ' '' 4
Pr (1 ) (2 ) 2 0
3 Re
X a
X X K Ha
f af e Ec f f e e
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1
0 2 2 ''
0
Re
( ) ( )( ) (0)
2
x
wx y
u vU
v e f
y L
(18)
And the non-dimensional skin friction coefficient, f C , which can be written as,
2
2
( )
wx
f
w
C
U
or
'' Re 2 (0). f x C X f (19)
The local surface heat flux through the wall with k as thermal conductivity of the fluid is given by
1 ( 1)
0 2 2 '
0
( )Re
( ) ( ) (0).
2
a
wx y
T k T T
q k e
y L
(20)
The local Nusselt number, x, Nu which is defined as
( )
,
( )
wx
x
w
xq x
Nu
k T T
(21)
1
/ Re ( / 2)2 '(0), x x Nu X (22)
Where Rex is the local Reynolds number based on the surface velocity and is given by
( )
Re w
x
xU x
v
. (23)
3. NUMERICAL METHOD
The above Non linear equations that is 14 and 15 are subjected with similarity transformations and the obtained governing equations
solved by finite difference scheme kellor box method by gauss elimination method.
2
2
''' '' ' 2 2 '
2 1 (2 ) 2 2 ( ) 0
Re
ax
x x Ha
f ff N f Gre e e f N
(24)
2 2
(2 ) 2
1 '' ' ' 2 ' '' 4
Pr (1 ) (2 ) 2 0 (25)
3 Re
X a
X X K Ha
f af e Ec f f e e
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(0) 0, '(0) 1, (0) 1 0
'( ) 0, ( ) 0
f f as
f as
(26)
In this method the third and second order non linear
differential equations,
3.1 Finite Difference Scheme
This scheme involves 5 steps
Step 1: Decomposing of given differential equations into a set
of first order ordinary differential equations.
Step2: a) Approximate the first order derivatives with standard
forward difference
i i 1 dy y y
dx x
b) Approximate the dependent variables with two point
averages
1
2
i i y y
y
using these approximation the
ordinary differential equations is transformed to finite
difference equations. solution, say i i i y y y
And
substituting this in the finite difference equation and drop
terms non-linear in i y to arrive at linear F.D.E’s.
Step3: Linearise F.D.E using Newton’s method this involves to
start with a guess seidel, or Jacobi method]and obtain i y
and add the correction to initial solution.
Step4: Solve the linearised F.D.E’s using the standard method
Gauss elimination.
Step 5.Repeat step 3 & Step 4 until we obtain the required
result.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
Present results, are displayed in Table 1 and are noticed to be
well in agreement with the present work
Fig. 2 Represents the effect of magnetic field parameter
2
Re
Ha
,
on velocity profile f ' .Here magnetic field produces a drag in
the form of Lorentz force.Due to this effect,the magnitude of
velocity decreases and the thermal boundary layer thickness
increases.
Fig 3 Represents the various values of parameter a with
velocity profile . From this figure, it is observed that the value
of a increases with increase in the velocity flow.and maximum
velocity occurs at a=7.
Fig. 4Represents the dimensionless parameter X with
horizontal velocity profile. From this figure, it is noticed that
the value of X increases with decreases in the velocity
profile.here the flow is adjacent to a stretching sheet.
Fig. 5 It is observed from this figure that temperature decreases
with increase in the values of a. Further, it is noticed that the
thermal boundary layer thickness increases with increase in the
value of a.. for positive value of a,heat transfer decreases.
which indicates that, the flow of heat transfer is directed from
the wall to the ambient fluid whereas the rate of heat transfer in
the boundary layer increases near the wall.
Fig. 6 depicts the temperature profile in the fluid for various
values of
2
Re
Ha
,for a = -2 and Gr = 0, 0.5. It is noticed that an
increase in the strength of magnetic field i.e Lorentz force
leads to an increase in the temperature far away from the wall,
within the thermal boundary layer but the effect of magnetic
field near the wall is to decrease the temperature in the absence
of Grash of Number. When the magnetic field increases, the
thermal boundary layer thickness increases.
fig7,and it is noticed that increase in Grash of number ,increase
in temperature up to certain value of n and suddenly decreases
and decays asymptotically to zero. Further it is observed that
this increase in temperature is due to the temperature
difference between stretched wall and the surrounding fluid.
When Grash of number leads to increases, the thermal
boundary layer thickness decreases
Fig. 8 Represents the temperature profile () for various
values of X along for different values of a = -1, -2 and also
Grash off number Gr = 1.0. It is noticed that the effect of
increasing X on () is more effective for a = -2 than
compared to the results obtained in the case when a = -1. It is
interesting to note the behaviour of X on () , is that the
temperature overshoots near the wall for small value of X,for a
= -2, whereas the overshoot diminishes when a is enhanced to -
1 for all other values of X. It is also observed that the boundary
layer thickness decreases with an increase in X.
Fig. 9 Represents the variation of temperature profiles ()
for various values of magnetic field parameter (Ha2/Re = 0, 6,
8) for two values of X. when X increases temperature
decreases all other fixed values of other involved parameters
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except when the value of parameter a = 5. It is also to be
noticed that thermal boundary layer thickness increases as X
decreases and the effect of magnetic field is to increase the
temperature for both valuesof X.This is due to the Lorentz
force the temperature increases.
Fig10 Represents the effect of Prandtl number Pr on
dimensionless heat transfer parameter . It is noticed from this
figure that as Prandtl number Pr increases,temperature profile
decreases. When Prandtl number Pr is small, heat diffuses
quickly compared to the velocity (momentum), especially for
liquid metals,(low Prandtl number) the thickness of the thermal
boundary layer is much bigger than the momentum boundary
layer. Fluids with lower Prandtl number have higher thermal
conductivities where.Hence the rate of cooling in conducting
flows increases due to the Prandtl number.
Fig 11 Represents the effect of porous parameter N1 over
velocity profile.Porous parameter increases ,velocity
decreases.Due to this,the velocity decreases in the boundary
layer.
Fig12 Represents the effect of inertia coefficient N2 in the
velocity profile.From this we conclude that due to the N2,the
thickness of momentum of boundary layer decreases.
Fig 13: Represents the effect of heat source/sink parameter
.It is noticed that, when 0
, the temperature increases.
when, th
0
temperature falls.
Fig14: depicts dimensionless temperature field for various
values of K,with fixed values of other involved parameters. It
is observed from the figure that ,K increases, the temperature
profiles and the thermal boundary layer thickness also increase.
Fig15: Effect of porous parameter N1 on a temperature profiles
and it is noticed that, temperature increases with the increase of
porous parameter, which offers resistance to the flow resulting
in the increase of temperature in the boundary layer.
Fig16: Effect of drag coefficient of porous medium N2.From
the figure it is noticed that the effect of drag coefficient is to
increase the temperature profile in the boundary layer. Which
implies boundary layer thickness also increases.
Table: Values of heat transfer coefficient , '(0) for various values of K and Ec with Pr=1.0 and all parameters taken as 0.0
K Ec=0.0 Ec=0.5 Ec=1.0
1.0 -1.641723 -0.6609 0.3198
2.0 -0.57579 -0.29001 -0.00423
3.0 -0.4714 -0.26390 -0.05638
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0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig 2 Effect of magnetic field on velocity profiles with
Ha2/Re=Z,a=W,L
Gr=2.0,pr=1.0,Ec=0.1,a=-1.5,X=1.5,=0.1
Ha2/Re=0,1,3,5,8
f'
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Fig.3.Variation of velocity profiles with for various values of a.
a=1,3,4,5,6,7
Gr=2.0,Pr=1.0,Ec=0.1,=0.1,Ha2/Re=0.5,X=1.5
f'
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0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.4.Variations of velocity profiles with for different values of X.
Ec=0.1,=0.1,Ha2/Re=0.5,pr=1.0,Gr=2.0,a=2
X=0.1,1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0
f'
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Fig.5.Temperature profiles vs. for various values of a.
a=-5,-4,-2,-1,0,1,2,5,0
Ec=.001,Gr=0.0,Ha2/Re=5.0,=0.01,X=0.5,Pr=1.0
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0 5 10 15 20
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Fig.6.Temperature profiles vs. for various values of Ha2/Re and Gr.
Ha2/Re=0,3,8
Ec=0.001,=0.01,X=0.5,Pr=1.0,a=-2 ---Gr=0
___Gr=0.5
0 5 10 15 20
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Fig7 temperature profile for various values of Gr
X=0.5,Pr=1.0,a=-2,Ha2/Re=3,Ec=0.001,=0.01
Gr=-1.0,-0.5,0.0,0.5,2.0,5.0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Fig.8.Temperature profiles vs. for various values of a and X.
X=1.5,0.5,0.0
Pr=1.0,Gr=1.0,Ha2/Re=3,Ec=0.001,=0.01
---a=-1.0
___a-2.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Fig.9.Temperature profiles vs. for various values of Ha2/Re and X when a=5.
Ha2/Re=0,6,8
Ec=0.001,=0.01,Pr=1.0,Gr=1.0,a=5
-----X=0.1
_____X=0.7
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig10.Variation of temperature with for different values of Pr
Pr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
Gr=0.0,Ec=0.001,X=0.5,a=-1.5,Ha2/Re=5.0
N
1
=1.0,N
2
=1.5
E
G
H
I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Fig.11.Temperature profile vs. for various values of N1.
N1=0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,8.0
Gr=2.0,Pr=1.0,Ec=0.1,W=-1.5,
X=1.5,l=0.1,Z=1.0,N2=1.5
f'()
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Fig.12.Temperature profile vs. various values of N2.
N2=0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,8.0
Gr=2.0,Pr=1.0,Ec=0.1,W=-1.5,
X=1.5.L=0.1,Z=1.0,N1=1.0
f'()
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Fig13 Variation of temperature with for different values of
Gr=0.0,Ec=0.001,X=0.5,a=-1.5,Ha
2
/Re=5.0,Pr=1.0
N
1
=1.0,N
2
=1.5
E
G
H
I
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
N1=1.0,N2=0.5
K =1.0,2.0,3.0
Ec=0.001,Gr=0.0,Ha2/Re=5.0,=0.001,X=0.5,pr=1.0,a=0.0
()
E
G
H
Fig14: Effects of K on the temperature profiles ( ), Where K=
* 3
*
4 T
k k
Radiation number
0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
N1=0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,8.0
Pr=1.0.Gr=0.0,Ec=0.001,
X=0.5,=0.01,a=0.0,Z=5.0,N2=0.5k=1.0,
E
G
H
I
J
Fig 15: Effect of N1 on the temperature profiles ( )
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0 2 4 6 8 10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
N2=0.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,8.0
Pr=1.0,Gr=0.0,Ec=0.001,=0.5,a=0.0
Z=5.0,k=1.0,N1=1.0
E
G
H
I
J
Fig 16: Effect of N2 on the temperature profiles ( )
5. CONCLUSIONS
Due to the presence of porous parameter,the thermal boundary
layer thickness increases.Effect of drag coefficient also
enhance the thermal boundary layer thickness.
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