- J2EE and .NET are the two dominant platforms for developing e-government applications. This document compares the two platforms on various parameters such as platform independence, language independence, web services support, support for existing systems, scalability, costs, and ease of migration.
- While J2EE is platform independent and supports multiple languages through interfaces, .NET provides better integrated support for web services and multiple programming languages but is currently limited to Windows. Arguments are made that migrating applications to .NET may be more difficult than migrating to J2EE.
âą About 6+ years experience in Desktop, Windows Tablet/Surface and Windows Phone apps with all phases of software development includes Architect, Designing, Coding, Unit Testing, Debugging and Porting of mobile/tablet/Surface apps to various handsets/devices skills and submits app to Windows store.
âą Having experience in development using cross platform/component apps.
âą Dynamic and assertive team player with a strong inclination to improve and optimize process development and implementation.
âą Possess strong technical aptitude with analytical, problem solving and communication skills.
âą About 6+ years experience in Desktop, Windows Tablet/Surface and Windows Phone apps with all phases of software development includes Architect, Designing, Coding, Unit Testing, Debugging and Porting of mobile/tablet/Surface apps to various handsets/devices skills and submits app to Windows store.
âą Having experience in development using cross platform/component apps.
âą Dynamic and assertive team player with a strong inclination to improve and optimize process development and implementation.
âą Possess strong technical aptitude with analytical, problem solving and communication skills.
The interest of coding aptitudes is soaring and not just only for designers, writing computer programs is assuming a greater job in each profession way. The main importance of 'Code Up' is to learn to code interactively. In this project we are providing interface with different levels of question to enhance their programming skills based on the level of the questions solved. We are using Servlet, JSP and oracle database with Model 2 architecture so that request and response can be handled easily. We are using reflection Application Program interface API and runtime API for the execution and compilation of the code at runtime. An online based program compiler to enhance platform independent services for multiple languages support. Regardless of dynamic working nature of compiling the program, it is also capable of handling multiple request of code execution. Even though it is specially designed for student programmers who want to learn and improve their knowledge about the multiple languages and understand the various complexities of code to be improved before implementing it into real world software as a part or a component. This platform provides a web portal where one makes their account for daily improvement as well as to gather information about their coding knowledge growth and other important guide. It will help indivisible, mainly student to increase their knowledge in the field of coding .The present working code compiler is available but it has a slate limitation it won't execute all the programming languages. Moreover it might sometime throw an error. Some of the language like java IDE Integrated Development Environment Eclipse, Net Beans takes up a lot of space in the personal computer but the portable code compiler is completely mobile and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Rimmy Kumari | Ganeshan M "Portable Code Compiler" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30911.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/programming-language/30911/portable-code-compiler/rimmy-kumari
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor's in Technology by submitting a Mini Project Completely built from scratch for submission under Dot Net mini Project External.
A Social network and Learning Centre is designed to help users to meet new friends, maintain existing relationships and at the same time enhance their concepts related to Java. The main goal of our website is to make your social life more active and stimulating. This project helps you to connect People, share your ideas and enhance your Programming Concepts related to Java, Android & Windows .
In this project a new class of resource available where you can Read, Write, Compile and Run Java Program with webface Online Compiler. Lecture Notes Available With Example. Your Personal Image, Music & Video Gallery, That makes Complete Platform For Everyone.
âą Language Used : JSP & Servlet.
âą Designing : Html, CSS, JavaScript
âą IDE : NetBeans 8.0.2
âą Database : MySQL 5.1.
# Complete project report Made By abhishek Kumar
Evolution of Android Operating System and itâs Versionsijtsrd
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Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It can be considered as a software platform as well as an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and currently developed by Google. It is designed primarily for touch screens mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is android. It is free and open source software its source code is known as Android Open Source Project AOSP , which is primarily licensed under the Apache License. This Paper Contains android architecture consists of key applications, Application framework, Native libraries, Android runtime, DVM, Linux Kernal., Many versions of Android Operating System are KitKat, JellyBean, Honeycomb, Froyo etcĂąâŹÂŠ Advantages and Disadvantages of Android and also the conclusion. Aishwarya Gujar | Prof. Pratibha Adkar "Evolution of Android Operating System and itâs Versions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42519.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/computer-engineering/42519/evolution-of-android-operating-system-and-itâs-versions/aishwarya-gujar
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
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This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
The interest of coding aptitudes is soaring and not just only for designers, writing computer programs is assuming a greater job in each profession way. The main importance of 'Code Up' is to learn to code interactively. In this project we are providing interface with different levels of question to enhance their programming skills based on the level of the questions solved. We are using Servlet, JSP and oracle database with Model 2 architecture so that request and response can be handled easily. We are using reflection Application Program interface API and runtime API for the execution and compilation of the code at runtime. An online based program compiler to enhance platform independent services for multiple languages support. Regardless of dynamic working nature of compiling the program, it is also capable of handling multiple request of code execution. Even though it is specially designed for student programmers who want to learn and improve their knowledge about the multiple languages and understand the various complexities of code to be improved before implementing it into real world software as a part or a component. This platform provides a web portal where one makes their account for daily improvement as well as to gather information about their coding knowledge growth and other important guide. It will help indivisible, mainly student to increase their knowledge in the field of coding .The present working code compiler is available but it has a slate limitation it won't execute all the programming languages. Moreover it might sometime throw an error. Some of the language like java IDE Integrated Development Environment Eclipse, Net Beans takes up a lot of space in the personal computer but the portable code compiler is completely mobile and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Rimmy Kumari | Ganeshan M "Portable Code Compiler" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30911.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/programming-language/30911/portable-code-compiler/rimmy-kumari
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor's in Technology by submitting a Mini Project Completely built from scratch for submission under Dot Net mini Project External.
A Social network and Learning Centre is designed to help users to meet new friends, maintain existing relationships and at the same time enhance their concepts related to Java. The main goal of our website is to make your social life more active and stimulating. This project helps you to connect People, share your ideas and enhance your Programming Concepts related to Java, Android & Windows .
In this project a new class of resource available where you can Read, Write, Compile and Run Java Program with webface Online Compiler. Lecture Notes Available With Example. Your Personal Image, Music & Video Gallery, That makes Complete Platform For Everyone.
âą Language Used : JSP & Servlet.
âą Designing : Html, CSS, JavaScript
âą IDE : NetBeans 8.0.2
âą Database : MySQL 5.1.
# Complete project report Made By abhishek Kumar
Evolution of Android Operating System and itâs Versionsijtsrd
Â
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It can be considered as a software platform as well as an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and currently developed by Google. It is designed primarily for touch screens mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is android. It is free and open source software its source code is known as Android Open Source Project AOSP , which is primarily licensed under the Apache License. This Paper Contains android architecture consists of key applications, Application framework, Native libraries, Android runtime, DVM, Linux Kernal., Many versions of Android Operating System are KitKat, JellyBean, Honeycomb, Froyo etcĂąâŹÂŠ Advantages and Disadvantages of Android and also the conclusion. Aishwarya Gujar | Prof. Pratibha Adkar "Evolution of Android Operating System and itâs Versions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42519.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/computer-engineering/42519/evolution-of-android-operating-system-and-itâs-versions/aishwarya-gujar
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
Â
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Router 1X3 â RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
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Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, itâs top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
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The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing âA case study of SudanâIJERD Editor
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Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
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-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
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Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Introduction to C#
C# (pronounced âsee sharpâ or âC Sharpâ) is one of many .NET programming languages. It is object-oriented and allows you to build reusable components for a wide variety of application types Microsoft introduced C# on June 26th, 2000 and it became a v1.0 product on Feb 13th 2002
Difference between .net and asp.net all you need to knowsophiaaaddison
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Software development applications conquered the world when custom software was developed for a specific purpose. Over time, application frameworks started to make the task easier. It automates the entire software development process. Most importantly, the design and testing are done comprehensively to get an optimal result as required by the developer.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
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.NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to develop, run, and deploy the following applications: Console applications,Windows Forms applications,Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications,Web applications (ASP.NET applications),Web services,Windows services,Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF),Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF).
.NET Framework also enables a developer to create sharable components to be used in distributed computing architecture. NET Framework supports the object-oriented programming model for multiple languages, such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++. .NET Framework supports multiple programming languages in a manner that allows language interoperability. This implies that each language can use the code written in some other language.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
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.NET is a general-purpose software development platform, similar to Java. At its core is a virtual machine that turns intermediate language (IL) into machine code. High-level language compilers for C#, VB.NET and C++ are provided to turn source code into IL. C# is a new programming language, very similar to Java. An extensive class library is included, featuring all the functionality one might expect from a contempory development platform - windows GUI development (Windows Form s), database access (ADO.NET), web development (ASP.NET), web services, XML etc.
What is .net framework and how be use framework for software development.
We provide all IT related training.
Visit our website http://www.prognoztech.com/Contact-Prognoz-Technologies.html
In the rapidly evolving landscape of software development, one technology has stood the test of time and maintained its relevanceâdot net. Developed by Microsoft, dot NET has gained widespread recognition and popularity due to its unique blend of power, flexibility, and cross-platform capabilities. In this article, we will take a deep dive into the world of .NET technology,. We also exploring its components, features, and real-world applications that have made it a cornerstone in the developerâs toolkit.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
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Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
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Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
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This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
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This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
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- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a personâs social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
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A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesnât only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
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- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
Â
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBTâs where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBTâs are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
Â
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBTâs where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBTâs are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
âMS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on âYâ Chrom...IJERD Editor
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Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool âMS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on âYâ Chromosomeâ can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome âYâ. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
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- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
Â
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Seismic Drift Consideration in soft storied RCC buildings: A Critical ReviewIJERD Editor
Â
Reinforced concrete frame buildings are becoming increasingly common in urban India. Many such
buildings constructed in recent times have a special feature â the ground storey is left open for the purpose of
parking, i.e., columns in the ground floor do not have any partition walls (of either masonry or
Reinforced concrete) between them. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings. The
relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much larger than storeys above it. The total horizontal
earthquake force it can carry in the ground storey is significantly smaller than storeys above it. The soft or weak
storey may exist at any storey level other than ground storey level. The presence of walls in upper storeys
makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are
continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. It is imperative to know the behavior of
soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to
study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based
on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property.
Post processing of SLM Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in accordance with AMS 4928 standardsIJERD Editor
Â
This Research work was done to find out the impact of AMS 4928 standard heat treatment on
Selective Laser Melted (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 alloy. Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 is an Extra Low Interstitial
version of Ti alloy with lower impurities and is α+ÎČ type alloy at room temperature. SLM is one type of method
in Additive Manufacturing based on Powder bed system. Each powder layer of few microns is coated and a laser
beam is scanned to melt the metal powder according to the specification of the part and subsequently moved
downwards layer by layer. The test coupons were first heat treated according to the above mentioned standard.
The tensile testing and the microstructural analysis were done to compare the results with that of mentioned in
the AMS 4928.The yield stress andPercentage elongation in the test coupons achieved are better than the
minimum requirement by AMS 4928 standard. Coarse lamellar grain structures were obtained with no
continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries.
Treatment of Waste Water from Organic Fraction Incineration of Municipal Soli...IJERD Editor
Â
Evaporation is one of treatment alternatives of waste water from condensation of vapour in flue gas
or from flue gas scrubber system of an incinerator. The waste water contains tar and heavy metals which are
toxic and must be separated, before discharged to environment or recycled. Due to the relatively low efficiency
of the evaporation process, a combination of the evaporation-absorption process is developed to increase the
efficiency. The aim of this research is to study the separation efficiency of tar from the tar-water mixture from
organic fraction incineration of garbage by evaporation-absorption process, and compared it with the
evaporation process. The evaporation process was performed by evaporating the waste water directly, while the
evaporation-absorption process was carried out by evaporating the waste water before it had been mixed with
palm oil as an absorbent. The results showed that the efficiency to separate the heavy tar of the evaporation
process was 73.27% compared to the combination of evaporation-absorption that was 98.82%. Meanwhile, for
the separation of the light tar, the efficiencies of both process types were almost the same. This system can be
integrated with the incinerator for the treatment of flue gases and waste water generated from the burning of
organic fraction of MSW
Content Based Video Retrieval Using Integrated Feature Extraction and Persona...IJERD Editor
Â
Traditional video retrieval methods fail to meet technical challenges due to large and rapid growth of
multimedia data, demanding effective retrieval systems. In the last decade Content Based Video Retrieval
(CBVR) has become more and more popular. The amount of lecture video data on the Worldwide Web (WWW)
is growing rapidly. Therefore, a more efficient method for video retrieval in WWW or within large lecture video
archives is urgently needed. This paper presents an implementation of automated video indexing and video
search in large videodatabase. First of all, we apply automatic video segmentation and key-frame detection to
extract the frames from video. At next, we extract textual keywords by applying on video i.e. Optical Character
Recognition (OCR) technology on key-frames and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) on audio tracks of that
video. At next, we also extractingcolour, texture and edge detector features from different method. At last, we
integrate all the keywords and features which has extracted from above techniques for searching
purpose.Finallysearch similarity measure is applied to retrieve the best matchingcorresponding videos are
presented as output from database. Additionally we are providing Re-ranking of results as per users interest in
original result.
Planar Internal Antenna Design for Cellular Applications & SAR AnalysisIJERD Editor
Â
This paper presents a new design of direct-fed Multi band printed Planar Internal Antenna (PIA), for
cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
acceptable reference in mobile phones applications. Further the antenna was placed in proximity to the SAR
head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
range.
Intelligent learning management system startersIJERD Editor
Â
learning management system (lms) is increasingly gaining popularity in the academic community as
a means of delivering e-learning contents. Simply placing lecture notes and videos among other contents on
lmss do not particularly train the best. This situation could be improved with intelligent tutoring systems (itss)
integration into preferred lms to make it more adaptive and effective, through enhanced student participation
and learning. This work aims, therefore, to create a starter model and a model java its integrated preferred lms.
The its integrated lms starter model was proposed through augmentation and a fluid iterative cycle of
awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation and conclusion. Known open/inexpensive, tried and tested
popular lmss were evaluated at cms matrix site, and complemented. Java its integrated moodle (preferred),
employing certain architectural framework of its integrated lms, was created following the spiral model of
software development
Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) techniqueIJERD Editor
Â
In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid
global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To
remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be
estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with
unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous
machine.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Â
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overviewâ
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
Â
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Â
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Â
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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Clients donât know what they donât know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clientsâ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Â
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Â
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But thereâs more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, youâll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the âApproveâ button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
Butâif the âRejectâ button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
Â
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more âmechanicalâ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 7, Issue 1 (May 2013), PP. 116-121
116
A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for
Developing E-Government Applications
Dr.R. Udayakumar1
, Dr.K.P. Thooyamani2
, Dr.V. Khanaa3
1
Asst.Prof, IT, Bharath University, 2
Prof,Bharath University, 3
Dean, IT, Bharath University
Abstract:- .NET and J2EE are the two leading technologies in enterprise-level application
development. They are also the platforms of choice for developing e-Governance Application. We
compare the two platforms using parameters such as Platform Independence, Language independence,
Web services, Support for existing system, scalability, system cost, Migration from the previous
platforms and Tools. .NET offers integrated, native support for various phases of Web services
development, while the Java platform achieves this with several new libraries. We compare the Web-
services development process in IBMâs Websphere (for J2EE) and Microsoftâs Visual Studio.NET and
find them remarkably similar. Arguments in favor of J2EE are platform independence, multiple vendor
support and a larger number of tools and resources from which to choose. Points favoring .NET
include support for multiple languages, and integrated (rather than add-on) support for web services.
The disadvantages of single-vendor support in .NET must be weighed against J2EEâs single-language
support.
Index Terms:- NET, J2EE, Web Services, Java, C#, e-Governance.
I. INTRODUCTION
Governments all over the world are moving towards the electronic governance or e Governance. The
purpose of implementing e governance is to enhance good governance. Good governance is generally
characterized by participation, transparency and accountability. The recent advances in communication
technologies and the Internet provide opportunities to transform the relationship between governments and
citizens in a new way, âthus contributing to the achievement of good governance goals. The use of information
technology can increase the broad involvement of citizens in the process of governance at all levels by providing
the possibility of on-line discussion groups and by enhancing the rapid-development and effectiveness of
pressure groups. Advantages for the government involve that the government may provide better service in
terms of time, making governance more efficient and more effective. In addition, the transaction costs can be
lowered and government services become more accessible. Hence many governments are moving towards e
Governance and it involves bigger level application development. This will require developers to choose a
platform for developing e Governance applications. Currently, two platforms dominate the marker : java
Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and Microsoftâs .NET. Competition between them has produced a lot of debate in the
industry.
This paper compares the J2EE and .NET, two popular technologies involved in e governance
application development under e governance application development environment standards [7].
1.2 Introduction to J2EE
J2EE is a set of specifications, created by the Java Community Process (JCP), for developing
enterprise-level applications. As a framework for the development of enterprise-level multi-tier applications, it
simplifies the task of developing applications for multi-tier architecture by providing âcontainers.â Containers
provide certain complex functionality so that software developers can concentrate on writing the business logic.
Figure 1.1 illustrates the J2EE architecture. The four levels are discussed in Table 2.1. The latest version of the
J2EE specification libraties to support Web services. The two primary APIs are as follows:
ï· Java API for XML-Based RPC (JAX-RPC) is an API that enables developers to develop and deploy
Web services.
ï· Java API for XML Registries (JAXM), provides a uniform and standard API to access different kinds
of XML registries.
Several other APIs provide functionalities like sending and receiving XML-based messages (JAXM), processing
XML (JAXP), and binding Java objects to XML documents (JAXB).
2. A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for Developing E-Government Applications
117
Figure 1.1:J2EE Architecure [1]
Figure 1.1: J2EE Architecture [1]
Presentatio
n and
access
ISP/Servlet
s.
Java
fbtmda&on
/Swing
Web
Service
s
Business
logic
Session
Enterprise
Java Beans
Entity
Enterprise
JavaBeans
Messag
e
Driven
Connectivi
ty
JCA JDBC JMS SOAP
Runtime
Java Runtime Engine (JKE) (Java
Byte Code)
Presentatio
n and
access
ISP/Servle
ts.
Java
fbtmda&on
/Swing
Web
Service
s
Business
logic
Session
Enterprise
Java Beans
Entity
Enterprise
JavaBeans
Messa
ge
Drivefl
Connectivi
ty
JCA U3BC JMS SOAP
Runtime
Java Runtime Engine (JRE) (Java
Byte Code)
Level J2EE .NET
I/Presentation and
access
Java Server Pages (JSPs) are used to build
tag-oriented dynamic. Web pages for
accessing remote objects. Dynamic pages
can also be built programmatically using
servlets; Swing is used to build rich
interactive GUIs;
.NET uses ASP. NET for dynamic
HTML pages. Windows forms are
used for building rich and complex
GUIs, and Web services are used
for programmatic access to remote
business logic.
2.Business Logic Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) hold the
applicationâs business logic â the code that
implements the functionality of the
application.
.NET Managed Components are
made for the .NET environment
and unlike COM components, are
not registered in the registry. COM
queued components work
asynchronously, e.g.in scenarios
where the server is not online all
the time.
3. Connectivity Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
provides access to tabular data. Java
Connector Architecture (JCA) allows
J2EE components to access different
enterprise information systems. JMS is a
messaging standard that allows J2EE
components to send and receive messages
asynchronously. An extensive API is
provided for mapping between Java and
XML protocols.
ADO.NET is used for accessing
relational databases and provides
integration with XML. An XML
API is provided for mapping .NET
components to XML protocols
such as SOAP and WSDL.
4. Runtime Java Runtime Engine (JRE), which
includes the Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
core Java classes and supporting files.
AH. NET applications use a single
runtime engine, the common
language runtime (CLR).
Applications can be written in
Multiple languages, compiled to
Microsoft Intermediate Language
3. A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for Developing E-Government Applications
118
1.3 Introduction to .NET
.NET is a Microsoft product tied closely to the Windows operating system. Microsoft describes it as
software that connects information, people, systems, and devices. .NET provides a development framework
similar to J2EE for multitier enterprise⊠application, development, Figure 1.2 illustrates the .NET development
platform. The main benefits of using .NET development platform. The main benefits of using .NET are
language independence and integrated support for Web Services.
Figure 1.2 : .NET Architecture [1]
II. PLATFORM VS. LANGUAGE INDEPENDENCE
2 Using the Java Native Interface. A program can use JNI to make calls from Java code to methods
written in languages other than Java, e.g. C or C++.
J2EE is a platform â independent technology white .NET is currently available only far windows operating
system. Or the other hand, .NET supports development in a number of, languages whereas J2EE is a Java-only
technology.
2.1. Platform Independence
A technology can be said to be platform independent it it can be ported to different hardware
architecture or operating systems without requiring changes. J2EE is a platform-independent technology. It
works on several operating systems including those for embedded devices. Java embodies Sunâs âWrite once,
run everywhereâ philosophy. Its architectural neutrality comes from the fact that the Java compiler generates
byte-code instructions targeting the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) instead of executable machine code. A JVM is
available for hardware devices such as handheld computers, cellular phones and operating systems like
Windows, UNIX, MacOS, Solaris and Linux. For a program to be platform independent, the developer must
avoid native methods and make sure that the required libraries are present on the target computer.
Being a Microsoft product, .NET is usually considered to be âWindows onlyâ. However, there have
been efforts to make it available on other platforms. Microsoft, along with Intel- and HP, submitted parts of
.NET â the programming language c# and the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) to ECMA for
standardization [2]. This opens the way for the implementation of these two fundamental elements of .NET
framework in non-windows implementation of these standards in source-windows XP, Free BSD and Mac OS.
An open source implementation of .NET called Mono is being created for the UNIX environment by Ximian, a
company recently acquired by Novell Inc. its code can be used for commercial purposes.
2.2 Language Independence
Language independence means that a technology is not dependent on any particular programming
language, i.e., that a developer can use any supported language to develop code on that platform. Though the
Java platform has been built with the Java language in mind, it can also be used with other languages. Limited
language independence has been achieved in the java platform using the following approach : can be extended
by a class in another language and used in a third language. Exceptions raised in a method of a class can be
caught by the calling method in another language. Compilers for .NET â supported languages compile source
code into an intermediate form composed of code and meta data. As all compile produce code in the same
format, there is no difference between code written in Cobol and Code written C# (as long as both target the
CLR).
byte code, and executed in the
CLR.
Presentation
and access
ASP.NET
pages
Windows
Web forms
services
Business
logic
1.NET
Managed
component
COM-
Queued
compon
ents
Connectivity ADO.NETSOAP
Runtime
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
(Inierrofrdiate Lang.Byte Code)
4. A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for Developing E-Government Applications
119
Thus, .NET is language independent and supports limited platform independence. On the other hand,
J2EE is platform independent and supports limited languages independence.
III. WHICH PLATFORM HAS BETTER WEB-SERVICES SUPPORT?
3.1. Performance Benchmarks
Sun Microsystems introduced the Java Pet Store as a demonstration implementation for J2 EE-based
Web applications. It illustrates various best practices in application development and is provided as a design
pattern for customers to follow when building their own enterprise web applications. Microsoft re-implemented
the Java Pet store using .NET and J2EE. They released benchmark information [3] showing .NET pet shop
performance to be significantly better under high user loads than the Java equivalent. In October 2002, the
Middleware Company, which provides java training and also maintains online developer resources for the Java
Community, performed its own benchmarks on the Java Pet Store and .NET Petshop applications [5]. Three
tests were performed : a Web application test, a reliability test, and a Web service throughput test. The results
showed that .NET based application outperformed J2EE application by a wide margin. Because of the
Controversy generated by the benchmark tests, the company decided to incorporate suggestions of Java
developers and perform another set of tests [6]. Results released in June 2003 showed that the optimized Java
Pet Store performed as well as the .NET application in the Web application throughput and reliability test.
However, the .NET application still outperformed the J2EE application in the Web services throughput test.
Table 3 presents selected results from the case study.
Table : 3.2
Performance of .NET VS. J2EE â based application [6] 4.0
Supports for Existing Systems
Most large corporations have existing code written in a variety of languages, and have a number of
legacy systems, such as CICS/COBOL, C++, SAP R/3, and Siebel. It is vital that corporations be given an
efficient, rapid path to preserve and reuse these investments. After all, it is likely that business will have neither
the funds nor the time to reinvent all existing systems. This legacy integration often is one of the most
challenging (if not the most challenging) tasks to overcome when building a web service.
There are several ways to achieve legacy integration using J2EE, including
ï· The Java Message Service (JMS) to integrate with existing messaging systems
ï· Web services to integrate with any system
ï· CORBA for interfacing with code written in other languages that may exist on remote machines.
ï· JNI for loading native libraries and calling them locally.
But by far, the most important part of the J2EE vision for integration is the J2EE connector
Architecture (JCA). The JCA is a specification for plugging in resource adapters that understand how to
communicate with existing systems, such as SAP R/3, CICS/COBOL, Siebel, and so-on. If such adapters are not
available, you can write your own adapter. These adapters are reusable in any container that supports the JCA.
The major vendors of existing systems are bought into the JCA.
t/5
ÂŁ
.NETbased
app
J2EEbased
app
Web application
peak throughput
using Oracle
database
1586.54 Web
pages per second
1585.74 Web
pages per second
Average
transactions (web
pages) / sec.
processed over
24hrs.
1136 avg Web
pages per second
1150 avg Web
pages per second.
Peak throughput 1245 Web
services
request/sec.
359 Web services
requests/sec.
5. A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for Developing E-Government Applications
120
.NET also offers legacy integration through the Host Integration Server 2000. COM Transaction
Integrator (COM TI) can be used for collaborating transactions across mainframe systems. Microsoft Message
Queue (MSMQ) can integrate with legacy systems built using IBM MQ series. Finally, BizTalk Server 2000 can
be used to integrate with systems based on B2B protocols, such as Electronics Data Interchange (EDI) (the
reader should note, however, that Biz Talk does not serve as an access point to a proprietary network on which
EDI takes place).
In conclusion, we believe that the legacy integration features offered by J2EE are superior to those
offered by .NET. the JCA market is producing a market place of adapters that will greatly ease enterprise
application integration. Integration with packaged applications and legacy systems will become much easier â
imagine integrating with a system such as Siebel, Oracle, or SAP without every leaving the Java Programming
environment. There is no analog to this in the Microsoft domain; rather, there is limited connectivity to select
systems provided off-the-shelf through the Host Integration Server.
IV. MIGRATION FROM PREVIOUS PLATFORM
For organization that have an existing deployment using either J2EE-based technologies or Windows
DNA-based technologies, an interesting discussion is the ease of âmigration from the previous platform to the
new platform.
J2EE does not impose many migration problems. As previously mentioned, the Java Connector
Architecture (JCA) as well as the web services support in J2EE is brand new and will require new code, but
those are minor overall. Although Microsoft.NET is based on MTS and COM+, we are concerned that the
migration to .NET will be taxing compared to J2EE. First off, .NET is based on the âmanaged codeâ framework,
which steals a lot of ideas from COM+ and MTS, but itâs still an entirely new infrastructure based on an entirely
new code base â CLR. Taking advantage of (he most valuable aspects of the CLR impost one-time frictions.
For example to accommodate a Common Type System (CTS) which standardizes on data types used
between languages, the original Visual basic data types have been dismissed. Consequently, code dependent
upon those original Visual Basic data types will break, and there is currently no migration tool.
Another example is the COM+ migration path. In.NET terminology, code that runs within the CLR is
referred to as management code, while code running outside the CLR is called unmanaged code. If youâre a
COM+ developer and want to take advantage of the new CLR, then you have two options for migration:
Rewrite existing code as CLR code. COM+ code needs to be rewritten to accommodate the CLRâs
automatic garbage collection mechanism and its deprecation of pointers. Dependence also need to be removed
to the COM registry. Keep your existing code as unmanaged. To collaborate between managed and unmanaged
code, special measures must be taken.
So as you can see, migration is not free. But to Microsoftâs credit, we do understand that with the
innovation of the CLR, that this is a necessary step for their customers to evolve into their new platform, and
with such a radical change nothing less could be expected. However, we feel obligated to warn users that the
migration path will not be easy compared to J2EE migration path, as some might have you believe. Consider
these statements from a recent Gartner report:
âThis is fundamentally a brand new platform,â said Gartner Analyst Mark Driver, comparing the
migration to NET as more drastic than the switch from MS-DOS to Windows. âThis is the tiger changing its
stripes⊠the migration to .NET will be a difficult one for IT departments because it represents such a major
shift from the current Microsoft Platforms. For Instance, developers will have to rewrite as much as 60 percent
of the code for some existing Windows applications if they want them to take advantage of Microsoftâs .NET
platform, Gartner analysts predicted. Thatâs frightening prospect for companies who are currently switching to
Windows 2000, or for those who still run Windows 98 and NT.
V. SCALABILITY
Scalability is essential when growing a web services deployment over time, because one can never
predict how new business goals might impact user traffic.
A platform is scalable if an increase in hardware resources results in a corresponding linear increase in
supported user load while maintain the same response time. By this definition, the underlying hardware (win32,
UNIX, or Mainframe) is irrelevant when it comes to scalability, because both J2EE and .NET allow one to add
additional machines to increase user load while maintaining the same response time. The major implementations
based on J2EE architecture, as well as .NET, provide load-balancing technology that enables a cluster of
machines to collaborate and service user load that scales over time.
The significant difference between J2EE and .NET scalability is that since .NET supports Win32 only,
a greater number of machines are needed that a comparable J2EE deployment due to processor limitations. This
multitude of machines may be difficult for organizations to maintain.
6. A Comparison of J2EE and .NET as Platforms for Developing E-Government Applications
121
VI. SYSTEM COST
A wide variety of implementations based on J2EE architecture are available for purchase, with price
points varying dramatically, enabling a corporation to choose the platform that meets its budget and desired
service level. Costs are typically in the single-digit thousands of dollars per processor, although there are higher-
end implementations and lower-end ones. At the time of this writing, Microsoft had not released pricing
information for the .NET platform.
As far as hardware, J2EE supports UNIX and Mainframe systems, while both J2EE and .NET support
the Win32 platform, which is generally the less expensive alternative. There is a level playing field for hardware
costs, and the hardware cost debate becomes a moot point.
The takeaway point is that you can get low-cost solutions with both Microsoft and J2EE architecture.
Microsoftâs solution has an aggressive price, whereas J2EE architecture allows you choose your service level.
For example, with J2EE you can have a high-end, expensive solution (iPlanet running on Sun Solaris in an E-
10000 server), or a low-end, inexpensive solution (jBoss running on Linux on a Cobalt RAQ server). Thereâs
also an assortment of free and/or open source tools and services that support Java and XML. It should be noted
that you pay for what you get, and most organization will not go for this low-end solution, but rattier will
embrace a midrange solution as a happy medium.
If you are trying to make heads or tails out of the price wars, we recommend that you consider this: the
price of the platform is always a drop in the bucket compared to the total cost of the project. This is defined as
the price of the server platform, the cost to train developers, the cost to build and evolve a solution on that
platform, the cost to maintain the solution, and any business opportunity costs from picking the âwrongâ
platform.
We hope that firms realize that the total cost of ownership of a project dwarfs any short-term cost
differences between underlying platforms. We recommend you do not consider the price of the platform when
selecting between J2EE, .NET, or any other platform, but rather consider the more important other factors.
[6] Middleware Company Case Study Team (2003) âJ2EE and .NET (RELOADED) Yet Another Performance
Case study,â Middleware Company Case Study Report.
[7] EGov Standards Perspective (Draft)
Egovstandards.gov.in/egs/brainstormingsession/egovstandard_perspective-draft.pdf/download
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
e-Governance is a vast field and researches are going on in this field extensively. We have started our
research in this field by making a comparative study between the two leading frameworks used in eGovernance
application development .NET and J2EE. In this comparative study we have used the following parameters:
1. Platform VS Language independence.
2. Which platform has better Web-Services Support?
3. Migration from Previous Platform.
4. Supports for Existing Systems
5. Scalability
6. System Cost.
The e Governance application developing community can make use of this comparative study and can select any
one of these two frameworks for their development work. In future we like to compare the security features of
these two frameworks.
REFERENCES
[1]. M. Lehmann (2002) âJ2EE and Microsoft .NETâ. Oracle Whitepaper. T_wp.pdf
[2]. Microsoft.com/net/ecma/Microsoft (2001) âMicrosoft .NET Ecommerce Application Server
Benchmarkâ, Microsoft Corporation Whitepaper. rk%20Results.doc
[3]. S. Kachru (2003) âOn the relative advantages of teaching Web services in .NET Vs. J2EEâ, Masterâs
Thesis, NCSU.
[4]. Middleware Company (2002) âJ2EE and .NET Application Server and Web Services Benchmarkâ,
Middleware Company Benchmark Report. benchmark.pdf.