This presentation discusses climate smart agriculture. It defines key concepts like weather, climate, and the greenhouse effect. It explains how climate change is impacting Nepal's agriculture sector through increased temperatures, more extreme weather, and reduced crop yields. The presentation outlines the objectives of climate smart agriculture to develop practices that help farming adapt to climate change by being more resilient, productive, and low-carbon. Specific climate smart agriculture strategies discussed include conservation tillage, agroforestry, water management techniques, and ensuring gender inclusion in climate adaptation efforts.
Land degradation affects 104.2 million hectares of India's 141 million hectares of land. Major soil health issues include low soil organic carbon, multi-nutrient deficiencies, and imbalances in fertilizer use. Key concerns are monitoring land degradation, improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and reducing soil contamination. Challenges to soil health in India include inadequate soil testing laboratories and fertilizer quality control. Research initiatives address these challenges through various research institutions, coordinated research projects, and network projects on topics like soil biodiversity and organic farming. Priority areas to improve soil health are soil test-based nutrient management, use of organic sources, conservation agriculture, and bio-waste management.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
Remote Sensing and its Applications in AgricultureVikas Kashyap
Here is a presentation prepared by me on Remote sensing and its Applications in agriculture. This presentation created after studying many regarding websites, articles and research papers. Thank You
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
Artificial intelligence : Basics and application in AgricultureAditi Chourasia
Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy as about 60% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.Exploration of technology in digital world gave birth to a whole new field of making intelligent machines i.e. Artificial intelligence (AI). AI is making a huge impact in all domains of the industry. Every industry looking to automate certain jobs through the use of intelligent machinery. Factors such as climate change, population growth and food security concerns have propelled the industry into seeking more innovative approaches to protecting and improving crop yield. As a result, AI is steadily emerging as part of the Agricultural industry’s technological evolution. The automation in agriculture is the main concern and the emerging subject across the world. AI in agriculture not only helping farmers to automate their farming but also shifts to precise cultivation for higher crop yield and better quality while using fewer resources.Technological advancement in the future will provide more useful applications to the sector helping the world deal with various farming challenges used to be faced in traditional agricultural practices.
This document discusses the impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity. It provides background on global carbon emissions and pools. Soil acts as both a source and sink of atmospheric carbon through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Improving soil organic carbon through practices like conservation tillage, cover crops, nutrient management, and agroforestry can increase crop yields by improving soil quality properties. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon levels through appropriate land management practices helps mitigate climate change while enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
This presentation discusses climate smart agriculture. It defines key concepts like weather, climate, and the greenhouse effect. It explains how climate change is impacting Nepal's agriculture sector through increased temperatures, more extreme weather, and reduced crop yields. The presentation outlines the objectives of climate smart agriculture to develop practices that help farming adapt to climate change by being more resilient, productive, and low-carbon. Specific climate smart agriculture strategies discussed include conservation tillage, agroforestry, water management techniques, and ensuring gender inclusion in climate adaptation efforts.
Land degradation affects 104.2 million hectares of India's 141 million hectares of land. Major soil health issues include low soil organic carbon, multi-nutrient deficiencies, and imbalances in fertilizer use. Key concerns are monitoring land degradation, improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and reducing soil contamination. Challenges to soil health in India include inadequate soil testing laboratories and fertilizer quality control. Research initiatives address these challenges through various research institutions, coordinated research projects, and network projects on topics like soil biodiversity and organic farming. Priority areas to improve soil health are soil test-based nutrient management, use of organic sources, conservation agriculture, and bio-waste management.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
Remote Sensing and its Applications in AgricultureVikas Kashyap
Here is a presentation prepared by me on Remote sensing and its Applications in agriculture. This presentation created after studying many regarding websites, articles and research papers. Thank You
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
Artificial intelligence : Basics and application in AgricultureAditi Chourasia
Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy as about 60% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.Exploration of technology in digital world gave birth to a whole new field of making intelligent machines i.e. Artificial intelligence (AI). AI is making a huge impact in all domains of the industry. Every industry looking to automate certain jobs through the use of intelligent machinery. Factors such as climate change, population growth and food security concerns have propelled the industry into seeking more innovative approaches to protecting and improving crop yield. As a result, AI is steadily emerging as part of the Agricultural industry’s technological evolution. The automation in agriculture is the main concern and the emerging subject across the world. AI in agriculture not only helping farmers to automate their farming but also shifts to precise cultivation for higher crop yield and better quality while using fewer resources.Technological advancement in the future will provide more useful applications to the sector helping the world deal with various farming challenges used to be faced in traditional agricultural practices.
This document discusses the impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity. It provides background on global carbon emissions and pools. Soil acts as both a source and sink of atmospheric carbon through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Improving soil organic carbon through practices like conservation tillage, cover crops, nutrient management, and agroforestry can increase crop yields by improving soil quality properties. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon levels through appropriate land management practices helps mitigate climate change while enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
Presented by Dr. P. Ragavan, Scientist-B, MoEF & CC, New Delhi at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
Climate change poses serious threats to Indian agriculture that could undermine food security. Studies project cereal production may decrease 10-40% by 2100 due to increased temperatures, with wheat facing greater losses. Every 1°C rise in temperature could reduce wheat production by 4-5 million tons. Adaptation strategies like new crop varieties, water management, and insurance can help minimize impacts but require significant research and policy support. Immediate action is needed on low-cost adaptation options while determining costs and policies for long-term mitigation through practices like agroforestry and soil carbon sequestration. Failure to act risks substantial economic and social damages from climate impacts on India's agricultural sector and food system.
The document discusses crop residue management techniques for disc seeders. It recommends retaining stubble in a uniform, spread out manner to provide agronomic benefits while limiting problems for disc seeders like increased handling difficulties. Specific techniques discussed include maintaining high stubble levels, inter-row sowing to minimize disc interaction with residue, and using knife rollers and spreading/chopping equipment to reduce stubble density and improve furrow closure. Crop residue cutters are designed to improve stubble handling by removing residue, improving cutting, or clearing a path, and should provide adjustability and flotation for varying conditions.
This document outlines several factors that constrain oilseed crop yields in Pakistan, including a lack of quality seed, insufficient research, technical issues in production and post-harvest handling, policies that treat oilseeds as minor crops, limited marketing capabilities, unfavorable product prices, high user demand for imported oils, and lack of affordable credit services. Potential solutions proposed include developing high-yielding varieties, disseminating better production technologies, providing incentives to growers, enabling local oil expelling, offering support prices, and identifying substitute crops.
Application of Machine Learning in AgricultureAman Vasisht
With the growing trend of machine learning, it is needless to say how machine learning can help reap benefits in agriculture. It will be boon for the farmer welfare.
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rainer Baritz from FAO, in FAO Hq, Rome
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Budiman Minasmy from University of Sidney - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document summarizes the key points about crop residue management. It begins with definitions of crop residue and discusses the importance of crop residues as a source of organic matter and plant nutrients. It then discusses different types of crop residues including field residues and process residues. The potential uses of crop residues are outlined, including as animal feed, household purposes, composting, biofuels, and improving soil properties. Methods of recycling crop residues like surface mulching, in-situ incorporation, and composting are described. Tables show the effects of different crop residue management practices on soil physical, chemical and biological properties.
all the basics related to soil survey starting from the reason why do we need soil survey and what is history of surveys, their kinds objectives and all related details.
Global food production now faces greater challenges than ever before due to changing climate, increasing land degradation and decreasing nutrient use efficiency. Nutrient mining is a major cause of low crop yields in parts of the developing world. Especially nitrogen and phosphorus move beyond the bounds of the agricultural field due to inappropriate management practices as well as failure to achieve good congruence between nutrient supply and crop nutrient demand (Pandian et al. 2014). Climate changes raised a serious issue of soil health maintenance for future generations. Rise in temperature and unprecedented changes in precipitation pattern lead to soil degradation by the erosion of top fertile soil, loss of carbon, nitrogen and increasing area under saline, sodic and acid soils. The climate is one of the key elements impacting several cycles connected to soil and plant systems, as well as plant production, soil quality and environmental quality. Due to heightened human activity, the rate of CO2 is rising in the atmosphere. Changing climatic conditions (such as temperature, CO2 and precipitation) influence plant nutrition in a range of ways, comprising mineralization, decomposition, leaching and losing nutrients in the soil. In order to meet the food demand of the growing population, global food production must be increased substantially over the next several decades. Sustainable intensification of agriculture, based on proven technologies, can increase food production on existing land resources. Therefore, conservation and organic agriculture, precision farming, recycling of crop residues, crop diversification in soils and ecosystems, integrated nutrient management and balanced use of agricultural inputs are the proven technologies of sustainable intensification in agriculture. More importantly, among the climate smart agricultural practices, the selection of appropriate measures must be soil or site specific for sustaining resource base for future generations. Further, presentation must be initiated to fine-tune the existing climate-smart agriculture to suit different nutrient management practices.
Crop Residue Management, Smart Mechanization and Its Implications in Tropical...Kasa Kiran Kumar Reddy
Crop residue management through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by maintaining SOM levels. Two significant advantages of surface-residue management are increased OM near the soil surface and enhanced nutrient cycling and retention.
An agricultural robot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. ... Emerging applications of robots or drones in agriculture include weed control, cloud seeding, planting seeds, harvesting, environmental monitoring and soil analysis.
Agricultural robots automate slow, repetitive, and dull tasks for farmers, allowing them to focus more on improving overall production yields. Some of the most common robots in agriculture are used for: Harvesting and picking.
GIS application in Natural Resource ManagementAchal Gupta
This document discusses how GIS can be used for natural resource management. It provides examples of using GIS to assess watershed management in Uttarakhand, India. Specifically, it details how GIS was used to quantify soil loss and sediment flow under different scenarios, spatially distribute those results, delineate micro-basins and watersheds, and identify suitable areas for water harvesting. The results of this analysis can help inform development actions and priorities by providing spatial information on natural resources and how they vary across a landscape.
Crop residue management in rice based cropping systemP.K. Mani
Crop residue has important effects on soil quality in rice-based cropping systems. When crop residues are removed, it leads to decreased soil fertility and lower crop production. Incorporating crop residue into the soil improves various indicators of soil quality, including physical properties like aggregation and porosity, chemical properties like soil organic matter and nutrient levels, and biological properties like microbial population and enzyme activity. Proper crop residue management can help sustain soil quality and fertility in rice fields over the long term.
Agriculture 4.0- The future of farming technology Dishant James
The World Government Summit recently came out with an agenda to improve agricultural technologies by integrating farming with industry 4.0. The outcome would be a fourth agricultural revolution or Agriculture 4.0
Effect of crop residue management on soil qualityRAJESWARI DAS
Crop residue management is very important for environmental safety as well as agricultural sustainability. Hence this presentation is dealing with various crop residue management options especially in rice based cropping system and its effect on soil quality.
Variable rate fertilizer technology allows farmers to precisely apply fertilizer based on soil needs within individual fields. This report analyzes the feasibility and benefits of using variable rate fertilizer. It finds that the technology saves farmers money by reducing over-application of fertilizer and boosting crop yields. The report recommends that farmers incorporate variable rate technology to lower costs per acre and remain competitive in today's agriculture industry.
Nutrient Leaching and Groundwater Quality Assessment near Integrated Construc...Mawuli Dzakpasu
The document summarizes a study assessing nutrient leaching and groundwater quality near an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater. Key findings include:
1) The constructed wetland was very effective at removing nutrients like ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates from wastewater, achieving over 80% removal on average.
2) Leachate from the wetland cells contained high levels of ammonia but generally low levels of nitrates and phosphates.
3) Low infiltration rates from the wetland may not immediately threaten groundwater quality.
4) Groundwater nutrient levels were generally low except near sites with peat in the soil, which saw slightly elevated ammonia levels.
Why we don’t know how many colors there areJan Morovic
There is no definitive answer to how many colors exist because the concept of color depends on factors like the illumination, viewing conditions, and human perception. Computational models can predict color gamuts under different scenarios, but the largest gamut volume estimated is around 6.6 million colors using real measured light sources, which still may not capture all possible colors perceivable by humans. Determining all possible colors ultimately requires a color appearance model that more closely mimics the complexities of human vision.
Presented by Dr. P. Ragavan, Scientist-B, MoEF & CC, New Delhi at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
Climate change poses serious threats to Indian agriculture that could undermine food security. Studies project cereal production may decrease 10-40% by 2100 due to increased temperatures, with wheat facing greater losses. Every 1°C rise in temperature could reduce wheat production by 4-5 million tons. Adaptation strategies like new crop varieties, water management, and insurance can help minimize impacts but require significant research and policy support. Immediate action is needed on low-cost adaptation options while determining costs and policies for long-term mitigation through practices like agroforestry and soil carbon sequestration. Failure to act risks substantial economic and social damages from climate impacts on India's agricultural sector and food system.
The document discusses crop residue management techniques for disc seeders. It recommends retaining stubble in a uniform, spread out manner to provide agronomic benefits while limiting problems for disc seeders like increased handling difficulties. Specific techniques discussed include maintaining high stubble levels, inter-row sowing to minimize disc interaction with residue, and using knife rollers and spreading/chopping equipment to reduce stubble density and improve furrow closure. Crop residue cutters are designed to improve stubble handling by removing residue, improving cutting, or clearing a path, and should provide adjustability and flotation for varying conditions.
This document outlines several factors that constrain oilseed crop yields in Pakistan, including a lack of quality seed, insufficient research, technical issues in production and post-harvest handling, policies that treat oilseeds as minor crops, limited marketing capabilities, unfavorable product prices, high user demand for imported oils, and lack of affordable credit services. Potential solutions proposed include developing high-yielding varieties, disseminating better production technologies, providing incentives to growers, enabling local oil expelling, offering support prices, and identifying substitute crops.
Application of Machine Learning in AgricultureAman Vasisht
With the growing trend of machine learning, it is needless to say how machine learning can help reap benefits in agriculture. It will be boon for the farmer welfare.
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rainer Baritz from FAO, in FAO Hq, Rome
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Budiman Minasmy from University of Sidney - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document summarizes the key points about crop residue management. It begins with definitions of crop residue and discusses the importance of crop residues as a source of organic matter and plant nutrients. It then discusses different types of crop residues including field residues and process residues. The potential uses of crop residues are outlined, including as animal feed, household purposes, composting, biofuels, and improving soil properties. Methods of recycling crop residues like surface mulching, in-situ incorporation, and composting are described. Tables show the effects of different crop residue management practices on soil physical, chemical and biological properties.
all the basics related to soil survey starting from the reason why do we need soil survey and what is history of surveys, their kinds objectives and all related details.
Global food production now faces greater challenges than ever before due to changing climate, increasing land degradation and decreasing nutrient use efficiency. Nutrient mining is a major cause of low crop yields in parts of the developing world. Especially nitrogen and phosphorus move beyond the bounds of the agricultural field due to inappropriate management practices as well as failure to achieve good congruence between nutrient supply and crop nutrient demand (Pandian et al. 2014). Climate changes raised a serious issue of soil health maintenance for future generations. Rise in temperature and unprecedented changes in precipitation pattern lead to soil degradation by the erosion of top fertile soil, loss of carbon, nitrogen and increasing area under saline, sodic and acid soils. The climate is one of the key elements impacting several cycles connected to soil and plant systems, as well as plant production, soil quality and environmental quality. Due to heightened human activity, the rate of CO2 is rising in the atmosphere. Changing climatic conditions (such as temperature, CO2 and precipitation) influence plant nutrition in a range of ways, comprising mineralization, decomposition, leaching and losing nutrients in the soil. In order to meet the food demand of the growing population, global food production must be increased substantially over the next several decades. Sustainable intensification of agriculture, based on proven technologies, can increase food production on existing land resources. Therefore, conservation and organic agriculture, precision farming, recycling of crop residues, crop diversification in soils and ecosystems, integrated nutrient management and balanced use of agricultural inputs are the proven technologies of sustainable intensification in agriculture. More importantly, among the climate smart agricultural practices, the selection of appropriate measures must be soil or site specific for sustaining resource base for future generations. Further, presentation must be initiated to fine-tune the existing climate-smart agriculture to suit different nutrient management practices.
Crop Residue Management, Smart Mechanization and Its Implications in Tropical...Kasa Kiran Kumar Reddy
Crop residue management through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by maintaining SOM levels. Two significant advantages of surface-residue management are increased OM near the soil surface and enhanced nutrient cycling and retention.
An agricultural robot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. ... Emerging applications of robots or drones in agriculture include weed control, cloud seeding, planting seeds, harvesting, environmental monitoring and soil analysis.
Agricultural robots automate slow, repetitive, and dull tasks for farmers, allowing them to focus more on improving overall production yields. Some of the most common robots in agriculture are used for: Harvesting and picking.
GIS application in Natural Resource ManagementAchal Gupta
This document discusses how GIS can be used for natural resource management. It provides examples of using GIS to assess watershed management in Uttarakhand, India. Specifically, it details how GIS was used to quantify soil loss and sediment flow under different scenarios, spatially distribute those results, delineate micro-basins and watersheds, and identify suitable areas for water harvesting. The results of this analysis can help inform development actions and priorities by providing spatial information on natural resources and how they vary across a landscape.
Crop residue management in rice based cropping systemP.K. Mani
Crop residue has important effects on soil quality in rice-based cropping systems. When crop residues are removed, it leads to decreased soil fertility and lower crop production. Incorporating crop residue into the soil improves various indicators of soil quality, including physical properties like aggregation and porosity, chemical properties like soil organic matter and nutrient levels, and biological properties like microbial population and enzyme activity. Proper crop residue management can help sustain soil quality and fertility in rice fields over the long term.
Agriculture 4.0- The future of farming technology Dishant James
The World Government Summit recently came out with an agenda to improve agricultural technologies by integrating farming with industry 4.0. The outcome would be a fourth agricultural revolution or Agriculture 4.0
Effect of crop residue management on soil qualityRAJESWARI DAS
Crop residue management is very important for environmental safety as well as agricultural sustainability. Hence this presentation is dealing with various crop residue management options especially in rice based cropping system and its effect on soil quality.
Variable rate fertilizer technology allows farmers to precisely apply fertilizer based on soil needs within individual fields. This report analyzes the feasibility and benefits of using variable rate fertilizer. It finds that the technology saves farmers money by reducing over-application of fertilizer and boosting crop yields. The report recommends that farmers incorporate variable rate technology to lower costs per acre and remain competitive in today's agriculture industry.
Nutrient Leaching and Groundwater Quality Assessment near Integrated Construc...Mawuli Dzakpasu
The document summarizes a study assessing nutrient leaching and groundwater quality near an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater. Key findings include:
1) The constructed wetland was very effective at removing nutrients like ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates from wastewater, achieving over 80% removal on average.
2) Leachate from the wetland cells contained high levels of ammonia but generally low levels of nitrates and phosphates.
3) Low infiltration rates from the wetland may not immediately threaten groundwater quality.
4) Groundwater nutrient levels were generally low except near sites with peat in the soil, which saw slightly elevated ammonia levels.
Why we don’t know how many colors there areJan Morovic
There is no definitive answer to how many colors exist because the concept of color depends on factors like the illumination, viewing conditions, and human perception. Computational models can predict color gamuts under different scenarios, but the largest gamut volume estimated is around 6.6 million colors using real measured light sources, which still may not capture all possible colors perceivable by humans. Determining all possible colors ultimately requires a color appearance model that more closely mimics the complexities of human vision.
The effects of minimum and conventional tillage systems on maize grain yield ...Joanna Hicks
The document evaluates the effects of minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on maize yield and soil fertility in western Ethiopia over 5 years. MT with residue retention (MTRR) increased average maize yields by 6.6% compared to MT with residue removal (MTRV) and 12.2% compared to CT. MTRR also increased yields more during drought years. MTRR improved soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels compared to MTRV and CT. The recommended nitrogen fertilizer rate of 92 kg/ha was appropriate for all tillage systems.
This document describes methods for retrieving aerosol optical depth (AOD) using geostationary satellite data. It presents an improved prior information method using one visible band from FY-2D satellite data, achieving correlation of 0.44 with AERONET validation. A novel approach is also described for AOD retrieval from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data using multiple bands and temporal information, achieving over 65% comparison to AERONET within expected error and correlation over 0.86. Ongoing work includes aerosol type selection and further validation.
Laser based Spectrometer for VOCs MonitoringSteve Williams
Los Gatos Research develops optical spectroscopy instruments to detect trace gases. Their incoherent cavity ring down spectroscopy (iCRDS) system can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at low parts-per-billion concentrations. They deployed the iCRDS system at the Moffett Federal Airfield Superfund site to continuously monitor VOCs in tunnel air and breathing zones. Measurements showed VOC levels increasing when remediation fans were turned off and decreasing when fans turned back on, demonstrating the system's ability to evaluate remediation effectiveness in real-time. The iCRDS provided sensitive, autonomous VOC monitoring with results matching previous grab
The TRASGO project aims to develop an innovative cosmic ray detector based on timing RPCs. The detector, called TRASGO, will be able to measure particle timing, tracking, and identification. It will consist of timing RPC planes with 100ps time resolution, a fast tracking algorithm called TimTrack, and a particle identification method called MIDAS. An array of 10-50 TRASGO detectors called MEIGA will be installed to study cosmic rays around the knee and test simulation packages. The MEIGA collaboration has been formed between universities in Spain and Portugal to develop the detectors and carry out the cosmic ray measurements.
A High Sensitivity Portable Gc For Voc’S & S CpdsDr. Jack Driscoll
The document describes a new portable gas chromatograph that has improved sensitivity over previous models, allowing detection of volatile organic compounds and sulfur compounds at the parts-per-billion level. It weighs less than 30 pounds, uses a touch screen interface and can operate on battery power. It features multiple detector options and integrated software for analysis, making it suitable for field analysis of compounds in various industries to detect levels below safety thresholds.
In order to remove the ambiguity with respect to phase variation when using a component as a phase calibration element, proper alignment is required. This 4-slide-teaser puts things black and white. References are provided for those who are interested to go more in depth.
1) The authors developed new models for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensors that account for viscous damping effects in order to enable numerical optimization of sensor design.
2) Their viscous damping model describes how fluid viscosity attenuates acoustic pressure waves and dampens the resonant mechanical deformation of the quartz tuning fork in QEPAS sensors.
3) Preliminary experimental validation showed good agreement between the model and measurements of acoustic signal strength as a function of laser beam position, though discrepancies occurred at larger distances due to unmodeled QEPAS-ROTADE interaction effects.
Diffusion in Fe-Ni PM alloys: microstructure and DICTRA simulationsTomas Gomez-Acebo
This document summarizes research on the diffusion of nickel (Ni) in iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) powder metallurgy alloys under various conditions. Microstructures of sintered Fe-Ni alloys showed the formation of Ni-rich areas over time. Kinetic modeling of Ni diffusion was performed using thermodynamic and kinetic simulation software. The simulations matched experimental diffusion profiles and indicated the presence of a Kirkendall plane. The maximum pore fraction model was also applied. Experimental diffusion data under high pressure (1-23 GPa) was presented and preliminary activation volumes were estimated from the pressure-dependent diffusion coefficients.
During a Post Installation Mooring Inspection at Mississippi Canyon block 736, curious growths were noted on the chain which are evidence of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). These growths were also observed on subsea shipwrecks such as the Titanic and in some conditions corrode steel at a surprising rate. Though observation of these tubercles does not accelerate their growth rate, designers should consider corrosion rates in their design even at depths of 6000 feet below sea level. Corrosion can and does occur in an anoxic environment and designers should not relax their corrosion allowances for chains at depth.
This document discusses selecting chromatography columns. It begins by outlining factors to consider like retention, resolution, selectivity and efficiency. It then discusses the popularity of C18 columns but notes other phases like C8, phenyl and HILIC may be better depending on the analytes. The document explores improvements in column technology over time through smaller particle sizes and core-shell designs. It highlights how different column phases provide unique selectivities that can better separate similar compounds. In the end, it recommends evaluating needs and considering alternative columns and vendors beyond the typical C18.
The document presents a methodology for prototyping an albedo algorithm for GOES-R using MODIS data. It uses an optimization approach that incorporates atmospheric radiative transfer modeling and land surface BRDF modeling to estimate surface albedo, spectral reflectance, and aerosol optical depth from MODIS TOA reflectance observations. The estimates were validated against ground measurements and other satellite products, showing good agreement within F&PS requirements for albedo accuracy and reflectance precision. Future work will include additional validations and improving diurnal albedo estimation using geostationary data.
Andy Steven_TERN Coastal and Supersite facilities working together to provide...TERN Australia
The document discusses real-time water quality monitoring efforts between the Australian Coastal Ecosystem Facility (ACEF) and the South East Queensland Peri-urban Supersite. The facilities are collaborating to display high frequency water quality data to help understand how urbanization is impacting coastal ecosystems. Sensors are measuring parameters like nutrients, carbon, turbidity, and biodiversity indicators to better understand the effects of land use and floods. The open access data is helping address research questions about maintaining ecosystem services and assessing management strategies in peri-urban environments.
Evidence Of Bimodal Crystallite Size Distribution In Microcrystalline Silico...Sanjay Ram
It is known that there is a bimodal size distribution in microcrystalline silicon. How can the deconvolution of the Raman spectra be done with incorporation of a bimodal CSD to obtain more accurate and physical picture of the microstructure in this material?
The document summarizes research from the FORC Research Center, including their work developing specialty optical fibers and fabrication techniques. Some key areas of focus are rare-earth doped fibers, microfibers, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and polymer photonic crystal fibers. The center has facilities for optical fiber fabrication including chemical vapor deposition and fiber drawing. Research projects include developing fiber amplifiers for new communication bands, bi-doped fibers, fiber optic dosimeters, and optical sensor networks.
How Much Carbon is in a kWh? | Dr David Jenkinsicarb
The document summarizes a workshop on estimating the carbon intensity of electricity grids. It discusses how carbon intensity is used to measure technology performance but is based on assumptions that may not be valid for all assessments. It questions commonly used average grid carbon intensity values and whether they accurately reflect the electricity being used. The document suggests carbon intensity likely varies over time and location and that increasing electrification may impact future grid carbon intensity.
Similar to Quiroz - techniques for measuring soil C (20)
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was meant to be included in the 2021 CLIFF-GRADS Welcome Webinar and presented by Ciniro Costa Jr. (CCAFS).
The webinar recording can be found here: https://youtu.be/UoX6aoC4fhQ
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Marion de Vries, Wageningen Livestock Research at Wageningen University, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
This document assesses the environmental sustainability of plant-based meats and pork in China. It finds that doubling food production while reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 73% by 2050 will be a major challenge. It compares the life cycle impacts of plant-based meats made from soy, pea, and wheat proteins and oils, as well as pork and beef. The results show that the crop type and source country of the core protein ingredient drives the environmental performance of plant-based meats. The document provides sustainability guidelines for sourcing ingredients from regions with low deforestation risk and irrigation needs, using renewable energy in production, and avoiding coal power.
This document summarizes a case study on the dairy value chain in China. It finds that milk production and consumption have significantly increased in China from 1978 to 2018. Large-scale dairy farms now dominate production. The study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from different stages and finds feed production is a major contributor. It models options to reduce the carbon footprint, finding improving feed practices and yield have high potential. Land use is also assessed, with soybean meal requiring significant land. Recommendations include changing feeds to lower land and carbon impacts.
This document summarizes information on the impacts of livestock production globally and in Asia. It finds that livestock occupies one third of global cropland and one quarter of ice-free land for pastures. Asia accounts for 32% of global enteric greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, with most emissions coming from India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Rapid growth of livestock production in Asia is contributing to water and air pollution through nutrient runoff and emissions. The document discusses opportunities for public and private investment in more sustainable and climate-friendly livestock systems through technologies, monitoring, plant-based alternatives, and policies to guide intensification.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
The document evaluates how climate services provided to farmers in Rwanda through programs like Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) and Radio Listeners’ Clubs (RLC) have impacted women and men differently, finding that the programs have increased women's climate knowledge and participation in agricultural decision making, leading to perceived benefits like higher incomes, food security, and ability to cope with climate risks for both women and men farmers.
This document provides an introduction to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Busia County, Kenya. It defines CSA and its three objectives of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses CSA at the farm and landscape scales and provides examples of CSA practices and projects in Kenya. It also outlines Kenya's response to CSA through policies and programs. The document describes prioritizing CSA options through identifying the local context, available options, relevant outcomes, evaluating evidence on options' impacts, and choosing best-bet options based on the analysis.
1) The document outlines an action plan to scale research outputs from the EC LEDS project in Vietnam. It identifies key activities to update livestock feed databases and software, improve feeding management practices, develop policies around carbon tracking and subsidies, and raise awareness of stakeholders.
2) The plan's main goals are to strengthen national feed resources, update the PC Dairy software, build greenhouse gas inventory systems, and adopt standards to reduce emissions in agriculture and the livestock industry.
3) Key stakeholders involved in implementing the plan include the Department of Livestock Production, universities, and ministries focused on agriculture and the environment.
Delivering information for national low-emission development strategies: acti...
Quiroz - techniques for measuring soil C
1. Emerging techniques for soil
carbon measurements
D. Milori, A. Segnini, W. Da Silva, A. Posadas, V. Mares, R. Quiroz, & L. Martin-Neto
& contributions from L. Claessens & K. Shepherd
2. OUTLINE
•Emerging techniques for…
•Quick overview of selected emerging techniques
•Examples of field measurements
•Data input for SC modeling
•A “synthetic” scenario
•Summary
3. Emerging SC measuring
techniques for...
•Geospatial baseline
•Quantity and quality of SC stocks
•Field-base measurements
•Better input for models
•Assessing tradeoffs
5. Examples of emerging techniques for
SOC measurements
45 0-2.5 cm
2.5-5 cm
40 5-10 cm
10-20 cm
LIF intensity (a.u.) / C (g kg )
-1
20-30 cm
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660
λ (nm)
6. Infrared Spectroscopy for rapid soil
characterization
• Rapid, Low cost Parameter
Total N
R2
0.9
PCs
8
• Reproducible Total C
Organic C
0.92
0.92
6
6
pH 0.89 10
• Predicts many soil functional properties Ca 0.95 9
Source: K. Shepherd (ICRAF) K 0.81 10
14. LIF results:Kenya
Humification degree or carbon stability (HLIF) of whole soils obtained
through Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy.
90
80
70
60
LIF inde x (a.u.) 50
(x1000) 40
30 0 - 2.5
20
2.5 - 5
10 20 - 30
0 5 - 10
5 - 10
depth (cm )
forest (1)
10 - 20
tea (1)
0 - 2.5
coffee + eucalyptus (1)
coffee (1)
natural vegetation (2)
rotation (2)
natural vegetation (3)
20 - 30
rotation (3)
Land us e
# HLIF can be estimated through the ratio area under fluorescence emission
(excitation range 350 - 480 nm) / total organic carbon content.
15. Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Soils:
Weather data used to
run the model:
Rainfall: essential
Air temperature:
essential
Temporal resolution of
weather data:
Monthly: essential
Spatial resolution of
weather data:
Local scale: essential
Extraction of soil and climate parameters from agro-ecological cells or polygons
for model parameterization
Source: FAO
21. LIF results: Andes
Humification degree or carbon stability (HLIF) of whole soils obtained
through Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy.
40
35
30
25
LIF index (a.u.) 20 0 - 2.5
15 2.5 - 5
10 5 - 10
5 10 - 20
0 10 - 20 20 - 30
Maize
Olive
Alfalfa I
depth (cm)
Potato I
Grape
0 - 2.5
Avocado
Alfalfa II
Coffee
Forest
Potato II
Land use
# HLIF can be estimated through the ratio area under fluorescence emission
(excitation range 350 - 480 nm) / total organic carbon content.
23. As temperature and presence of pest increase in the
Andes Potatoes are planted in higher grounds
1975:
(4000-4150msnm)
2005:
(4150-4300msnm)
S. De Haan & H. Juarez, CIP (2008)
25. Potential loss of soil carbon stocks due to cropping
peatlands and grasslands in Peru & Bolivia
Peatlands to potato
350
300
Gigagrams (10x9)
250
200
150
100
50
0
2000 Scenarios 2050
Bolivia Peru
Grasslands to potato
12000
10000
Gigagrams (10x9)
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2000 Scenarios 2050
Bolivia Peru
26. Summary
•Emerging SC measuring techniques / tools & MRV
•Further field testing under different agroecological conditions &
creation of spectral libraries needed (C-contents & stability)
•Better input for SC modeling
•Better assessment of tradeoffs
•Synergy with complementary tools e.g. remote sensing