This document discusses nouns and determiners. It explains that nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be singular or plural, while uncountable nouns only have one form. It also discusses the different types of determiners including articles, demonstratives, possessives, quantifiers and how they are used with nouns. Determiners modify nouns and indicate reference. The document provides examples of countable and uncountable nouns as well as the different types of determiners and their usage.

1. Nouns & Determiners
REVIEW

2. Countable nouns
 A countable noun can be
1. singular (banana)
2. plural (bananas)
Countable nouns are things we can count.
 We can say ‘one banana’ ,‘two bananas’ etc.

3. Examples of countable nouns
singular plural
 apple apples
 pineapple pineapples
 cucumber cucumbers
 strawberry strawberries
 grape grapes

4. But how do we form plurals?
1) Add ‘s’ games
2) Add ‘es’
* Exceptions:

6. But...
It the noun finishes in vowel + y
*Exceptions to the rule

8. Uncountable nouns
 have only one form: rice
 are things we can’t count:
liquids (water)
food (bread)
materials (iron)
ideas (peace).
 To refer to quantity of an uncountable noun
we use measuring units: a kilo, a litre, a
gram...

9. I eat a bowl of rice everyday.
I drink a bottle of milk per week.
She buys a packet of tea in the market.
He has a cup of coffee for breakfast.

10. Examples of uncountable nouns:

11. There is/ There are
 There is + singular noun / uncountable nouns
 There are + plural countable nouns
There
is
a
chair
in the living room
an apple on the table
some cheese in the fridge.
are
two rulers on the desk.
some pencils in the pencilcase.

12. Examples …
• There is some money in my pocket
• There isn’t a pencil in this pencilcase.
• Is there a head projector in your classroom?
• Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
• There are some students in the classroom.
• There aren’t any good compositions.
• Are there any lemons in the fridge?
• Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

13. Determiners
 A determiner is used to modify a noun.
 It indicates reference to something specific or of a
particular type.
 It is followed by a noun.

14. Types of Determiners:
1) Articles
oDefinite article: the
oIndefinite article: a / an
a is used before a consonant sound.
an is used before a vowel sound.
Close the door, please.
I've got a friend in Canada.
Could you give me an apple, please?

15. 2) Demonstratives
They are used to state the distance from the speaker.
this / these
that / those
This house is very beautiful.
3) Possessive adjectives
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
They modify the noun following it in order to show
possession.
This is my house.

16. 4) Quantifiers
They are followed by nouns which they modify.
SOME / ANY
oThe exact number is not known or not important.
oThey are used with countable plural nouns and
uncountable nouns.
oSome is usually used for affirmatives.
There are some books on the desk.
oSome is used in questions when offering or
requesting something.
Would you like some bread? (offer)
Can I have some water, please? (request)

17. Any is usually used in negatives / interrogatives.
He hasn't got any cheese.
Have you got any friends?

18. A LOT OF / MUCH / MANY
oThey indicate a large quantity of something.
oA lot of is used with countable plural nouns and
uncountable nouns.
oIt is used for affirmatives in spoken / informal English.
There are a lot of students in this classroom.

19. o Much is used with uncountable nouns in negatives
and interrogatives.
I haven't got much money.
How much bread have you got?
o Many is used with countable plural nouns in
negatives and interrogatives.
How many students are there in the classroom?
There aren’t many books to read this year.
o It is preferable to use many and much in formal
written English in affirmative sentences.
There are many students.
Much time was spent on studying.

20. (A) LITTLE / (A) FEW
oThey indicate a small quantity of something.
o(A) little is used with uncountable nouns.
o(A) few is used with countable plural nouns.
Have you got a little money?
There are a few tourists here today.
oWithout the article, the words have a limiting or
negative meaning.
I need little money. = I need hardly any money.
Few friends visited me. = Hardly any friends visited me.

21. NO
oIt indicates negation of something.
oIt is used with countable nouns and uncountable
nouns.
“How many pencils are there?”
““There are no pencils = There aren’t any pencils.”
“How much money have you got?”
“I have no money. = I haven’t got any money.”