Qualitative Data Analysis
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This document discusses six common qualitative data analysis techniques: thematic analysis, content analysis, grounded analysis, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, and phenomenology/heuristic analysis. It provides an overview of each technique and examples of their application. Thematic analysis involves familiarizing with data, generating codes, organizing codes into potential themes, and defining the themes. Content analysis determines the frequency of words and concepts to emerge categories and themes. Grounded analysis allows data to speak freely to formulate theory without predetermined points. Discourse analysis examines linguistic elements like grammar and sounds within social contexts of communication. Narrative analysis studies how participants construct stories through sequencing of events and reflections. Phenomenology focuses on human experiences and viewpoints through bracketing out the
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Qualitative Data Analysis
- 1. Qualitative Data Analysis Upendra Raj Dhakal Lecturer: Valley College of Technical Sciences urdhakal@gmail.com
- 2. Common Types of Data Analysis • Based on nature and objectives, there are six common methods of qualitative data analysis technique • Thematic Analysis • Content Analysis • Grounded Analysis • Discourse Analysis • Narrative Analysis • Phenomenology/Heuristic Analysis Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 2
- 3. Thematic Analysis and steps • Commonly used and foundation method for qualitative data analysis • We use it to show clear picture of theme • Eg: Familiarizing with data • Frequent reading Generate initial codes • Inducting codes Organization of codes • Based on similarity Organization of codes • Searching for themes Organization of codes • Reviewing themes Organization of codes • Defining and naming themes Codes Active Willing Accountable Responsible Motivated Themes Individual participation Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 3
- 4. Content Analysis and steps • This method determines the apparent of certain words or concepts within the text • Than it emerges categories or themes based on selection of words inductively • Frequency of words, patterns, sequence of occurrence of those words • Eg: Study about students needs, University’s Facebook page content analysis Initial Codes Counts/Occurrence Themes Social interaction 201 Non Academic needs Financial issues 45 Meet ups 11 Swimming pool 12 Access to journals and books 109 Academic needs Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 4
- 5. Confusion between TA and CA Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 5
- 6. Grounded analysis and steps • It is aka constant comparison analysis • It is very deep and detailed • Here we don’t start with definite point, we allow data to speak as its purpose is to formulate theory or a framework • We conduct different interviews, write detailed diaries and field notes/memos, documents, pictures and compare codes and do initial coding • After initial coding we see consistencies and differences between sources • Than, we find important events, persons, important situations to emerge themes Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 6
- 7. Discourse Analysis • This sees the linguistic analysis of flow of communication • This also takes into account, the social context where communition occurs • It is more focused in grammar, sounds, parts of words and their meaning • eg: Women like both, to give and get compliments. In some culture, accepting gifts means accepting the proposal, however in other cultures accepting gifts simply means complementing someone Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 7
- 8. Narrative Analysis • This analysis examines how participants construct their stories, based on personal experiences. • It includes: personal story, entire life story, significant events and situations • We identify non verbal expressions: pauses, filler – words, and all non verbal signs and gestures • It includes: Ending of story Outcome of story Storyteller’s reflection Sequence of events Orientation time, place characters Abstract of story Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 8
- 9. Phenomenology/Heuristic Analysis • Focuses on how human experience or view the world • This method emphasizes out on bracketing out (excluding) researchers own role and only focusing on participants experiences. • Eg: If we want to investigate teaching experience from teachers point of view, and build analysis on their personal experiences, than it would be Heuristic Analysis Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 9
- 10. Thank You Feedback welcomed (Draft version 1.1) 10