This document provides an overview of consumer health and rights. It defines consumer health as decisions people make when purchasing and using products and services that affect their health. Consumer rights protect consumers from unfair practices. The document outlines different types of consumers and elements of consumer health and rights, including the right to basic needs, safety, information, choice, and redress. It also discusses issues in consumer health services and products in Nepal, such as misleading information and accessibility problems. The document emphasizes the importance of intelligent consumer behavior and consumer protection.
The DOH approves some medical techniques that are not commonly accepted in the field, and these are called traditional and alternative.
Disclaimer: No types of traditional and alternative medicine specified. But there is the RA 8423 of Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 :3
The DOH approves some medical techniques that are not commonly accepted in the field, and these are called traditional and alternative.
Disclaimer: No types of traditional and alternative medicine specified. But there is the RA 8423 of Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 :3
Any person, is encouraged to support the service given to the indigenous people of Tanzania, by the local citizen. please we need more support for us to provide better services.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: NepalHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
As continuation of Lesson 2 (where we contextualize data) in this lesson we define basic terms in statistics as we continue to explore data. These basic terms include the universe, variable, population and sample. In detail we will discuss other concepts in relation to a variable.
The Canadian healthcare system: May 20, 2011CFHI-FCASS
This presentation was given on May 20, 2011, as an overview of healthcare in Canada to a group of American Congressional Fellows on Parliament Hill. The Fellows were in Canada on an official visit, sponsored by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT), as part of an exchange with the Parliamentary Internship Programme. The group included 20 mid- to senior career professionals from various departments in the American and some foreign Governments, professors from American universities and journalists. They also include a number of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Fellows, who are all medical professionals.
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Any person, is encouraged to support the service given to the indigenous people of Tanzania, by the local citizen. please we need more support for us to provide better services.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: NepalHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
As continuation of Lesson 2 (where we contextualize data) in this lesson we define basic terms in statistics as we continue to explore data. These basic terms include the universe, variable, population and sample. In detail we will discuss other concepts in relation to a variable.
The Canadian healthcare system: May 20, 2011CFHI-FCASS
This presentation was given on May 20, 2011, as an overview of healthcare in Canada to a group of American Congressional Fellows on Parliament Hill. The Fellows were in Canada on an official visit, sponsored by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT), as part of an exchange with the Parliamentary Internship Programme. The group included 20 mid- to senior career professionals from various departments in the American and some foreign Governments, professors from American universities and journalists. They also include a number of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Fellows, who are all medical professionals.
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
A consumer is the ultimate user of goods and services. Thus everyone is a consumer in one-way or the other. Every buyer may not be user of that product thus all buyer are consumer of something but all consumer are not necessarily buyer of that product.
Understand what consumers value most when managing their health and how much additional responsibility they’re willing to take on to reduce the cost of their healthcare.
This ppt is made to study the marketing ethics. This ppt will tell us about the various wrong practices in market and what should be sone to stop them. Who to complain and what to do.
Building Consumer-Facing Health Devices and Apps and Doing it RightKent State University
Presentation to the Medical Capital Innovation Competition in Cleveland 4/23/18 including the regulatory pathway, importance of evidence and data integration.
BRANDED OR GENERIC: THE DILEMMA OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN INDIATejasKhopde
The pharmaceutical market in India faces the dilemma of choosing between branded and generic medications. Branded drugs are associated with established names and higher prices, often believed to be of higher quality. On the other hand, generic drugs are more affordable alternatives that contain the same active ingredients as their branded counterparts. This debate encompasses factors like cost, efficacy, safety, trust, and accessibility, both for consumers and the healthcare system. The choice between branded and generic medications involves striking a balance between quality assurance and affordability while considering the regulatory landscape and consumer preferences.
One of the key Industry is the Healthcare Industry which caters to almost ALL of the World population. Its an industry whose existence determines the very existence of human population. In this presentation, I tried to showcase the current marketing trends with facts and figures to showcase the marketing potential of this industry and its scope .
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
3 consumer health
1. Unit 3: Consumer Health
Draft Version 4
(12 hrs.)
Upendra Raj Dhakal
Lecturer: Valley College of Technical Sciences, Kathmandu
2. Meaning, Concept of consumer health and
right
• Consumers are those who finally utilize the information, products or
services.
• When the information, products and services are related to health,
than it is known as consumers health.
• Consumers Health refers to our decisions that we make during
purchase and use those information and services that will have direct
effect on our health.
• Consumer Right is the reference to a body by law that protects
service utilizers
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 2
3. Features of consumers
• Seasonal consumers (umbrella in rainy season)
• Personal consumers (purchasing personal materials)
• Organizational consumers (organization, government, business, …)
• Impulse buyers (unplanned buying decisions – chocolates, buying eye
catchy materials)
• Need based consumers: (air mask in Kathmandu)
• Discount driven consumers (buy only when there is discount, or force to
discount)
• Habitual consumers: smokers search for same brand in different stores,
same beer …)
(https://toughnickel.com/industries/Types-Of-Consumers)
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 3
4. Elements of consumers health and right
• The right to basic needs (universally acceptable food, clothing and shelter)
• The Right to safety (quality and its guarantee, special hallmarked, banning
unsafe, …)
• The right to information (summary, purity, quality, quantity, price, expiry, ….)
• The right to choose (variety, fair price, quality, quantity, competition, …)
• The Right to education (simple language, representable, easily understood,
…)
• The Right to redress (restore or correct from feedbacks, )
• The Right to be heard (Consumers forum, consumers court, ….)
• The Right to healthy environment (eco friendly products, symbols like
recyclable)
(http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/1386/the-eight-basic-consumer-rights/)Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 4
5. These elements can also be defined under
components of consumer health as:
• Health Information: Seeking information from reliable source,
Identifying professionals, pseudo professionals and non professionals,
Skeptical towards social marketing,
• Health Products: Drugs, foods, reagents, cosmetics, in-house
consumables, hazardous substances, identifying real material from
the crowd, …
• Health services: Approach to services, communication, nursing care,
health insurance, …
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 5
6. Consumer Exploitation
• Consumers are exploited by a large number of restrictive and unfair
trade practices.
• Misleading, false or deceptive advertisements are quite common.
• Advertisement many times promotes false information, giving a
mislead.
• Factors for exploitation: Limited information, Limited supplies,
Limited competition, Illiteracy, ….
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 6
7. Duties of Consumers
• Buying quality product at reasonable price
• Check Weight and measures before making purchase
• Reading the level carefully
• To produce the bill, cash received warranty, etc.
• Shopping carefully and wisely
• Understanding the terms of the sale
• Reading and following instructions
• Buy legal products, do not promote black and gray market.
• File a complain in an appropriate consumer forums
• Respect environment
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 7
8. Consumer Health issues
• Quackery and Health Fraud
• Problems with Products
• Problems with Services
• Problems with Costs and Access
• Problems with Risk Perception
• The need for Consumer Protection (Protective forces)
• Intelligent Consumer Behavior
• ………………
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 8
9. Major Consumers health issues in Nepal
• Service Related
• Health Related
• Consumer Behavior Issues
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 9
10. Consumers Health Issues – Service Related
• Misleading Information: Empty MRP, Charging above MRP, Altering
expiry date, wrong levels of integrant, 10 गुणा तक ज्यादा शक्ती in
Duracell advertisement. (Must be saying 10 %, not 10 times)
• Issues in Healthy Products: No expiry dates, unacceptable integrant.
• Issues in Accessible of Health Services: Distance, cost, time.
• Problems with cost and Access: Charge for the service, technology,
socio – cultural factors interfering the access,
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 10
11. Consumers Health Issues – Health Related
• Disease related issues: Disable/gender/child friendly, patient friendly sites, e.g.
OPD at top floor creating difficulty for patients with arthritis to walk, increased
waiting time increases the risk of intragenic/nosocomial infection.
• Hygiene and Sanitation: Wrong levelling in Soap and toothpastes as 99.9%
effective. Promoting the role of disinfectants used in soap when they have no
role. 100% बेहत्तर सुरक्षा in the advertisement of Dettol soap, which is
overlapping 99.9% effectiveness, though it must be 95%.
• Vulnerability and hazards: No sugar added, but sugar occurs naturally in that
product, Immune booster has lawsuit, Sugar free does not mean calorie free and
no trans fat does not mean 0 amount of trans-fat
• Quality service and product and their effect on public health: Made with real fruit
does not specify if is only real fruit or mixed. Food made up of flavors and colors
only.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 11
12. Consumers Health Issues – Consumer
Behavior
• Need for consumer protection: Protection and Exploitation,
Consumer Education, Redress of Complaints, A connecting Link,
Quality Life for consumer, Ethical Obligations.
• Objectives of Consumer Protection: Protection against unfair trade
practices and protection of enjoying the rights
• Importance of Consumer Protection: Public Image, Social
Responsibility, Increasing Awareness, Customer Satisfaction,
Government Intervention.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 12
13. Contd …
Intelligent consumer behavior: (Behaviors)
• They seek reliable sources of information.
• They maintain a healthy lifestyle.
• They select practitioners with great care.
• They undergo appropriate screening tests and, when illness strikes, use self-care and
professional care as needed.
• They communicate effectively.
• When a health problem arises, they take an active role in its management.
• They understand the logic of science and why scientific testing is needed to test and to
determine which theories and practices are valid.
• They dislike less scientific treatment and experiments upon themselves.
• They are familiar with the economic aspects of health care.
• They report frauds, quackery, and other wrong doing to appropriate agencies and law
enforcement officials.
(https://www.quackwatch.org/02ConsumerProtection/intell.html)
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 13
14. Contd ….
Unhealthy behavior: Compromise in the sense of feeding, clothing,
other lifestyles, self medication and quackery practice, googling,
shoplifting, effect of social marketing, unnatural bargaining, falsifying
bills.
These type of behavior is even promoted organizationally in the name
of sales and discount, escaping tax - bill payments.
Not only with the self, they help promoting unhealthy behavior in the
community. Some consumers even behave as laggards.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 14
15. Contd …
Psychological manipulation: It is social influencing technique for BCC
through abusive, deceptive, or underhanded tactic.
It is the exercise of undue influence through mental distortion and emotional
exploitation, with the intention to seize power, control, benefit and/or
privileges at the victims expense.
Psychological manipulators are self centered
It is not necessary always negative, e.g.. During rehabilitation of drug
abusers. Drugs are not stopped instantly.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 15
16. Character/Sign of manipulators
1. Hearing their story
2. Information overloaded
3. Exude (Convey) negative emotions
4. Make feel insecure or try to feel insecure
5. Play dumb
6. Manipulate facts
7. Place undue pressure
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 16
18. What is quality
• National Association of Quality Assurance Professionals (NAQAP)
described quality as: The level of excellence produced and
documented in the process of patient care, based on the best
knowledge available and achievable at a particular facility.
• The Community Health Accreditation Program (CAP) defined quality
as: The degree to which consumers progress toward a desired
outcome.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 18
19. Quality of Care
“Health care services that produce desired health outcomes and fulfill
consumer’s needs, with optimum use of available resources, provided by
trained and competent providers as per the national norms and standards
with minimizing risk for service providers as well as consumers.”
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 19
20. Quality Assurance
“Quality Assurance is a continuous process which includes series of
activities for improving and maintaining optimum level of quality of
health care services that includes mainly; setting standards and
protocols, communicating standards, developing indicators, monitoring
compliance with standard and solving problems by team approach.”
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 20
21. Quality is evaluated on the basis of: Input, Process and Output
Input : (Knowledge, Qualification, Skill, Resources, level of HF, skill,
referral system, ….)
Process : (Attitude, Behavior, Technology, Facilities, SOPs, CP,
waiting time, social audits, MnE, data audit, ….)
Output: Satisfaction of customers, Nosocomial infection rate,
Mortality rate, Recovery rate, Complication rate, average length of
stay in hospital, Post operative death rate, Quality Control of
Drugs: ………………………………., Misleading Impact on Consumers:
……………………………
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 21
22. Customer Protection
• Production/Manufacture.
• Distribution channel.
• Storage of material
• Supply chain up to last consumer
• Pay back for faulty supplies
• Discouraging gray/black market
• Legislation and Customers court
• Awareness in customers as their rights
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 22
23. Consumer Protection in Nepal
• Quality control of health service, quality of drug, misleading impact
on consumer
• Overview of consumer protection law of Nepal and its implication
• Quality assurance department of DoHS
• Other government agency for controlling mechanism of quality goods
(Roles and responsibility of Department of commerce, Department of
quality assurance and weight measurement)
• Industry Self-Regulation
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 23
24. Quality under Essential Health Care Services (EHCS)
In 1st phase, quality guidelines will be developed for:
• Reproductive Health: Safe Motherhood and new born care/Family
planning
• Child Health: National Immunization Program, Community based
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, Malnutrition and
nutritional deficiency disorders in children
• Communicable Disease Control: TB, Leprosy, HIV/AIDS and STD,
Malaria, Kala-azar and Japanese Encephalitis, and
• OPD Services: and for other health services in subsequently. Emphasis
will be given on proper implementation of these standards, guidelines
and protocols through routine monitoring and supervision.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 24
25. QA Steering Committee at Ministry (Central) level
• Chair : Chief Specialist, Curative Division, MoHP
• Member (3) : Director General, DoHS, DoA, DoDA
• Member : NHRC Representative
• Member (2) : Different Council Representatives
• Member : Legal Officer, MoHP
• Member : Representatives from Consumers Forum
• Member : Representative of APHIN
• Member Secretary : Chief, MnE and PHA Division, MoHP
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 25
26. QA Steering Committee at District level
• Chair : Chief D/PHO
• Member : Medical Superintendent
• Member : Nursing In charge
• Member : Lab Technician
• Member : Health Assistant
• Member : HA - DHO/PHN - DPHO
• Member : SA
• Member : Representatives from I/NGO, Nursing Homes
• Member : Representative from Consumers forum
• Member Secretary : PHO/PHI
Similarly, QA committee is formed below district level.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 26
27. How quality is evaluated
• MSS is being measured at district level and below, but MSS above
district level is still under development.
• MSS uses SBMR tool for evaluating the quality
• MSS follows SOP and has planned for contingencies
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 27
28. Consumer Protection Act, 2054
• Considered as milestone in safeguarding the rights of Nepalese consumers
• It protects from the irregularities in quality, quantity and prices
• It prevents monopolies and unfair trade practices.
• It has provisions of selling, supplying, importing, exporting and storing of
materials with protecting consumer rights and establishment of agency for
redress.
• There is even the provision of making Appeal in court within 35 days if is
dissatisfied with the decision taken by compensation committee under
section 24 from the date of decision.
• The act has defined sealing of prices as punishment, which needs
reviewing.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 28
29. Features (and implications) of … CPA 2054
• It has focused in forming a council of member of 7
• The functions, duties and powers of the council has been defined.
• Procedure relating to meeting of the council has been defined
• It has protected and promoted consumers right
• It has prohibited to influence Demand, Supply or Price
• It has power to systematize and control supply of consumer good and
services
• It has defined particulars to be mentioned in consumer goods
• It has prohibited actions regarding consumer goods or services
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 29
30. Contd …
• It has standardized customer good and services
• Price list must be kept
• It has given power to government to conduct inquiry and inspect
• It has given power to appoint or designate inspection officer.
• It has given powers of inspection officers to Inspect, Inquiry or Search
• Testing of consumers good
• Sub – standard consumer goods to be confiscated
• Penalties
• Government of Nepal as Plaintiff
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 30
31. Contd …
• Investigation and filling of lawsuits
• Summary trial procedure to be adopted
• Claims for compensation may be made
• Compensation committee
• Realization of compensation
• Appeal
• Power to initiate lawsuits under the prevailing laws
• Power to form sub committees
• Delegation of powers
• Immunity for actions taken with Bona Fide Motives
• Power to frame rules
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 31
32. Other Acts and Laws
Food Act, 2052 (1996) Drug Act, 2035
Nepal Standard Act, 1980 Black Market and Some Social Crime and Punishment Act, 1997
Consumer Protection Act 2054 (1998) Animal Slaughterhouse and meat inspection act, 2055
Copyright Act, 2002 Competition Promotion and Market Protection Act, 2063 and regulation,
2066
Nepal standard (Certification mark0 act, 2037 Iodized Salt (Production, Sales and Distribution) act, 2055
Black Marketing and some other social crime and
punishment act, 2032
Environment Protection Act, 2053
Standard Measurement and Weight Act, 2025 Nepal Health Service Act, 2053
Consumer Protection Act, 2054 and Regulation,
2056
Breast Feed Substitute (control of sales and distribution) act, 2049
Food Act, 2023 (1967) Water Resource Act, 2049
Patent, Design and trademark Act (PPDTA) Electricity Act, 2049
Nepal Milk Product Development Board Act, 2048
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 32
33. QA Assurance department of DoHS
• QA is established as a section under Management Division in DoHS
which will monitor QA related operations activities
• Though there are QA team under each departments and centers
internally in DoHS.
• Presently, QA team has been formed to see the overall performance
of Health Facility at HF level, but not as per the departments.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 33
34. Other Government agencies …..
• Ministry of Commerce and Supply
• Department of quality assurance and weight measurement
(Standards and Meteorology)
• Consumer Protection Council
• Department of Food Technology and Quality Control
• DDA
• Nepal Rastra Bank
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Local Development
• ……
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 34
35. Department of Commerce and Supply Management
(Now - Department Of Supply Management And Protection Of Consumers Interest under Mo Supplies)
• Activities related to corporations and companies
• Policies and programs related to productivity improvement
• Activities related to technology transfer and development
• Research
• Decision related to import export trade and operation of international
supply
• Policy implementation on supply of consumable commodities
• Management for regular and balanced supply of essential edible materials
to the common people
• Protection of consumers right and walfare.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 35
36. Contd …
Government of Nepal ((Allocation of Business) Rules, 2069 (2012) has defined scope of work for
the Ministry of Commerce and Supplies as follows:-
• Formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy, plan and programmes relating
to commerce, trade and supply.
• Study, research and survey of the internal (domestic) and international trade.
• Formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy, plan and programmes relating
to export and import
• Regulation and supply of essential goods and commodities.
• Export promotion.
• Operation of government and public trade.
• Operation of corporations, Boards, enterprises, companies etc. relating to commerce and supply.
• Liaison with international institution relating to commerce, trade and transit.
• Liaison, coordination, negotiation, agreement and commitment with multilateral trade
organizations including world Trade Organization.
• Implementation and monitoring of relation, coordination, negotiation, agreement and
commitment with regional trade agreement organizations including SAFTA, BIMSTAC
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 36
37. Contd …
• Bilateral and multilateral trade treaty and agreements.
• Transit, warehouse and management of international transportation.
• Multimode carriage of goods.
• Formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy, plan and programmes
relating to food and other consumer and essential goods and commodities.
• Import, processing, storage, supply and regulation of petroleum products.
• Protection of rights and interests of the consumers,
• Control of syndicate and carteling.
• Internal market management and competition promotion
• Regulation and promotion of international trade diplomacy.
• Establishment and management of infrastructure such as dry ports, container fret
station, warehouse etc.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 37
38. Contd …
Based on the work area of this ministry, following are the main
objectives.
• Making sure that the supply of consumable goods even during the
time of the disaster, making market system competitive and
responsible for the consumer.
• Making the supply system sustainable, reliable, quality and effective.
• Conserving the rights of consumers, to make arrangements for
regular and easy supply of daily consumables goods and services.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 38
39. Contd …
Working Area of Ministry
• Supply policy, planning and planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation,
• Supply, research and survey related supply,
• Supply and regulation of essential goods,
• Operations of supply related public institutions, committees, establishments, companies
etc.
• Planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy, planning and program
related to food and other consumables and essential items,
• Processing, storage, supply and regulation of petroleum products,
• Consumer rights, interests and rights protection,
• Syndicate and cartelling control,
• Internal market management and competitiveness.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 39
40. Nepal Bureau of Standards & Metrology
(NBSM)
• Nepal Bureau of Standards & Metrology (NBSM) is the National
Standard Body in Nepal.
• It is a Government organization under the Ministry of Industry.
• It is also the national enquiry point / nodal point for WTO (TBTs &
NTMs) and focal point for National Authority on Disarmement Affairs
(NADA).
Vision:
- To provide efficient and timely service.
- To satisfy the customer's need for quality goods and services.
- To raise awareness in the field of standardization & metrology.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 40
41. Contd …
• Objectives:
- Harmonious development of standardization, marking and quality
certification.
- Harmonious development of scientific and legal metrology.
- To facilitate development of production and exports.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 41
42. Contd …
The main activities of NBSM are to:
• Formulate national standards
• Operate the product certification mark
• Provide testing facilities and technical services in the fields of SMQC
• Work as the third party guaranteeing agency
• Provide service for lot certification and pre-shipment inspection, as well as
laboratory recognition.
• Launching of consumer awareness programmes on quality.
• Provide laboratory services for testing of various commodities.
• Involve in environment protection.
• Additional activities include legal metrology and calibration services for weighing
and measuring devices. Initiation on industrial and scientific metrology is in
progress.
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 42
43. DoQA and Wt Measurement (Standards and Meterology)
under Mo Industry Commerce and Suppliy
• Giving Nepal Standard (NS) sign to the materials that are produced
using SoP and maintaining MSS
• Manage and control measurements using Standards
• Technical support for maintaining quality in materials that are
exported out of country
• Assure quality product and services for customers
• Assure quality of standards, frequencies, for laboratories, calibrations,
Informations and library support related to Measurements
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 43
44. Industry self regulation
• Monitoring its own adherence to legal, ethical, or safety standards,
rather than have an outside, independent agency such as a third
party entity monitor and enforce those standards.
• Cost of outsourcing 3rd party is decreased.
• Difficult to do comparison when external agents are not used.
• Organization directly rewards or punishes its members.
• There are different code of conduct to support self regulation like …
• Self Regulation can be done by the organization itself
Draft Version 4 (Feedback Welcomed) 44