The document presents an overview of quadcopters, also known as drones, detailing their working principles, materials required, and circuit design. It explains the functions of components such as throttle, elevator, aileron, and rudder in controlling movements, along with the importance of lightweight structural materials and powerful motors. Additionally, it highlights applications of quadcopters in military, photography, and inspection tasks.

1. QUAD-COPTER
PRESENTED BY-
SATENDRA KUMAR
15381

2. CONTENT-
 Introduction
 Working Principle
 Basic Material Required
 Circuit diagram
 Application

3. INTRODUCTION-
 It is a type of a small representation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV).
 Quad copter is also known as a drone.
 A Quadcopter, also called a Quadrotor helicopter, is a Multicopter that is lifted
and propelled by four rotors.
 Quadcopters are classified as rotorcraft, as opposed to fixed-wing
aircraft, because their lift is generated by a set of rotors

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE-
 Quadcopter is a device with an intense mixture of electronics,
mechanical and Mainly on the principle of aviation.
 There are four basic movements of the quadcopter viz. throttle,
elevator, aileron and rudder.

5. THROTTLE-
 Throttle is considered when there is an upward and downward motion
of the quad. It is used for takeoff and landing of the quad. It is created
by rotating all 4 rotors at the same speed.

6. ELEVATOR-
 Elevator is considered when there is a forward and backward motion
of the quad. In an X-type quad forward motion is created by rotating
the 2 rear rotors at greater speed compared to the front rotors whereas
for backward motion the front rotors have higher speed than rear
rotors.

7. AILERON-
 Aileron is considered when there are right and left movements. It is
used for changing directions in the moving drone. It is created by
rotating the left 2 rotors to rotate at a higher speed than the right rotors
for the right turn and vice versa for the left turn

8. RUDDER-
 Rudder action is used to create clockwise and anti-clockwise
movement of the quadcopter about the central axis. It is achieved by
rotating the diagonally situated rotors moving with the same spin to
rotate at a greater speed than the other two

9. BASIC MATERIAL-
 Structure
 DC Brushless Motors
 Propeller
 Electronic Speed Controllers [ESC]
 KK2.1.5 Circuit Board
 2.4 GHz Transmitter And Receiver
 Battery 12V,4500mAh Li-Po

10. STRUCTURE-
 Having a good quadcopter frame is just as important as having good
electronics.
 The perfect frame should be stiff and strong but at the same time light
enough to zip through the sky with no problems at all.
 One of the materials that is most common for quadcopter frames is
carbon fibers.
 Frames can also be built at home using aluminum or balsa sheet

12. DC BRUSHLESS MOTORS-
 Brushless DC electric motor also known as electronically commutated
motors , or synchronous DC motors.
 The advantages of a brushless motor over brushed motors are high
power to weight ratio, high speed, and electronic control.
 Higher torque-to-size ratio

13. MOTOR SELECTION-
EXAMPLE-
 Flight Controller - 15g
 R/C Receiver - 15g
 Silver Blade Frame - 150g
 4x Motors and ESC - 200g
 3S LiPo Battery (1300-1800mah) - 150g
 FPV Camera and Transmitter - 50g

weight of our drone will be around = 680g
we need to have motors that can produce at least
two times the amount of thrust in total = 1.2Kg

14. PROPELLER-

15. ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER-
 An electronic speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit, that
controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor.
 It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking.

16. KK2.1.5-
 KK2.1 Multi-Rotor controller manages the flight of (mostly) multi-
rotor Aircraft
 KK2.1 Multi-Rotor control board also uses signals from your radio
system via a receiver (Rx),
 this information is sent to the ESCs which in turn adjust the rotational
speed of each motor to control flight orientation (up, down,
backwards, forwards, left, right, yaw

17. TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER-

18. BATTERY 12V,4500mAh LiPo-
 same weight of the batteries of different types say Li-Po and li-ion
(lithium- ion) Li-Po can store more power over other‘s
 quadcopter weight is the greatest factor as it affects flight time
Max continous Amp draw (A) = Battery capacity (Ah) x Discharge rate
(C)

19. CIRCUIT DAIGRAM-

20. APPLICATION-
 Military application
 Photography
 Delivery system
 It can be assistance bot for people working in dangerous height
like building exterior workers.
 Harmful gas sensing
 Inspection in nuclear power plant

21. THANK YOU