REMOTE CONTROLLED QUADCOPTER -
• A quadrotor helicopter that is lifted and propelled by four rotors and controlled by remote by making variation in the speed of is four motors.
• 4 BLDC motors used as rotor which are controlled by the 4 ESCs connected with the FCB.
• 6 channel Transmitter and Reciever is used to communicate with the on board FCB with proper calibration.
• PI settings need to be done in its Aileron, Elevator, Rudder with different configurations of the remote sticks and the other level settings.
• Whole system of Quad is powered by 12V LiPo battery.
Quadcopters are the rotorcraft which have become the catch of the eye in the UAVs, both for electronic hobbyists as well as various application based real time solutions.
these presentation provides an overall view of building a quad copter, including their cost, features,working principle, block diagram, circuit diagram, applications and considerations
Quadcopters are the rotorcraft which have become the catch of the eye in the UAVs, both for electronic hobbyists as well as various application based real time solutions.
these presentation provides an overall view of building a quad copter, including their cost, features,working principle, block diagram, circuit diagram, applications and considerations
this is about quad-copter component and how we select best for us in this did not analysis about aerodynamics theory and momentum equation. but all basic things are completely explain about quad-copter. circuit diagram also clearly present in this slide. expect all this things applications are describe here
Quadcopter navigation using aakash tablet with on board image processingD Yogendra Rao
Final Presentation for Team Garuda . This quadcopter and its ground control station(GCS) was built in the Integrated Development Lab during my summer internship at IIT Bombay .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0966YNqcisg.
RC Quadcopters, or multirotors, were on just about everyone's Christmas list. If Santa's present has left you wanting for more (or you just want to tinker!), but you don't know where to start, this course is for you. We'll cover the basics to get you started: tools you'll need, pre-planning, components and how they all go together. I will also show a sample build that features a 3DR Pixhawk flight controller, running open-source firmware ArduPilot (http://dev.ardupilot.com/) and Mission Planner (https://github.com/diydrones/MissionPlanner)
this is about quad-copter component and how we select best for us in this did not analysis about aerodynamics theory and momentum equation. but all basic things are completely explain about quad-copter. circuit diagram also clearly present in this slide. expect all this things applications are describe here
Quadcopter navigation using aakash tablet with on board image processingD Yogendra Rao
Final Presentation for Team Garuda . This quadcopter and its ground control station(GCS) was built in the Integrated Development Lab during my summer internship at IIT Bombay .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0966YNqcisg.
RC Quadcopters, or multirotors, were on just about everyone's Christmas list. If Santa's present has left you wanting for more (or you just want to tinker!), but you don't know where to start, this course is for you. We'll cover the basics to get you started: tools you'll need, pre-planning, components and how they all go together. I will also show a sample build that features a 3DR Pixhawk flight controller, running open-source firmware ArduPilot (http://dev.ardupilot.com/) and Mission Planner (https://github.com/diydrones/MissionPlanner)
Automatic Control by Using the Raspberry Pi Drone with cameraRajanKumar376772
Contribution: Raspberry pi with wireless circuit, pi camera,
motor, Esc, Battery 11.1v.
Uses: online shopping delivery small part of medicine, Military
to provide food, Gun, any 5kg material provide.
The main objective of capstone project is to design and develop a stable flying drone as a model
for general purposes that can be used for deliveries. The drone should be able to support lifting a
phone or similar weight, and some minor modifications should be applied to it. The drone could
be replaced in such a way that would fit any other application. I started the introduction of my
report by defining what a quadcopter is, simply because my drone’s flying system will be in that
form in which a brushless motor will be inserted in each arm. As for the control part, I will be
using a remote controller in which a transmitter will be inserted inside that would communicate
the receiver placed in the drone.
We will introduce a development of a mini-quad rotor system for indoor application at Keokuk University. The propulsion system consists of X-UFO blade propellers and brushless direct current (DC) motors assembled on a very stiff ai rframe made of carbon fiber composite material. The attitude control system consists of a stab ility augmentation system as the inner loop control and a modern control approach as the outer lo op. The closed-loop contro l is a PID controller,which is used for the flight test to valid ate our aerodynamic mode ling. To perform an experimental flight test,basic electronics hardware will de velop in a simple configuration. We will use an AVR microcontroller as the embe dded controller,a low-cost 100 Hz AHRS for inertial sensing,infrared (IR) sensors for horizontal ranging,and an ultrasonic sensor for ground ranging. A high performance propeller system is built on an X-UFO quad rotor airframe. The developing flying robot is shown to have an automatic hovering ability with aid of a ground control system that uses mon itoring and a fail-safe system. We will introduce a new quad rotor platform for realizing autonomous navigation in unknown indoor/outdoor environments. Au tonomous waypoint navigation,obs tacle avoidance and flight control is implemented on-board. The system does not require a special environment,artificial markers or an external reference system. We will develop a monolithic,mechanically damped perception unit which is equipped with a stereo camera pair,an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU),two processor and an FPGA board.
Drone (Unmanned aerial vehicle) is an electronic device which is remote controlled based aircraft used to achieve vertical flight with stability using KK2.1.5 board and it can be used for live streaming and also for capturing images using camera and as technology advances increase the performance and reduces the cost of microcontroller so that general public can design their own drone . The main aim of this project is for live streaming and collecting images. This drone includes a frame, flight control board, motors, electronic speed controllers, a transmitter, a receiver, a Lipo battery and a camera interfaced with the kit. Individual components were tested and verified. The tuning and calibration of the PID controller were done to obtain stabilization on each axis. Currently, the drone can properly stabilize itself. The aim of the project has been achieved, resulting in stable and capturing images.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Eagle Eye - BLDC Powered Quadcopter
1. Eagle Eye
The Quadcopter
The project goal was to design a semi-autonomous
Quadcopter capable of self-sustained flight via wireless
communications while utilizing a microcontroller. The
Quadcopter was designed to be small enough so that
costs would be minimized.
The scheduler program arranges the following tasks:
controller input, sensor data received from the
Accelerometer, Gyroscope, and Magnetometer. The
wireless transceivers use SPI to send control signals to the
microcontroller on the quadcopter from the handheld
controller unit.
Avinash Chandra
2. `
Avinash Chandra
avinashchandra@yahoo.com
Contd.
EagleEye
1
QuadRotor
The Quadcopter
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Design
4. Parts
5. Working
6. Calibration
7. PI Settings
8. Testing
9. Flight
10.Conclusion
11.References
12.Glossary
13.Related Pictures and Ideas
The Working
Principle
A quadcopter, also
called a quadrotor
helicopter or quadrotor
is
a multirotor helicopter
that is lifted and
propelled by four rotors.
Quadcopters are
classified as rotorcraft,
as opposed to fixed-
wing aircraft, because
their lift is generated by
a set of rotors (vertically
oriented propellers).
3. Sunday, August 21, 2016
Contd.
EagleEye
Design
The Frame (Body); Material : Carbon Fibre
A quadcopter uses four motors connected to four fixed-pitch props.
They are literally propellers attached directly to motors, a sum total of a
single moving part for each of the four props. This makes them extremely
simple (and therefore low cost), and thanks to advances in high power-
density electric motors and power semiconductors, also very easy to
control.The four motors are directly attached (Mechanically strong) to
the respective frame’s edges.
4. `
Avinash Chandra
avinashchandra@yahoo.com
Contd.
EagleEye
3
Parts
1) BLDC Motor(s)
KV (rpm/v): 1000
Max Power: 190W
Max Thrust: 920 grams
Weight: 53 grams
Shaft Diameter: 3.175mm
Shaft Length: 45mm
Max Speed at 12V: 12000 rpm
As the name implies, BLDC (Brushless DC) motors do not use brushes
for commutation.They are electronically commutated & the advantages are :Better speed vs
torque characteristics, High efficiency with Noiseless operation & very high speed range with
longer life.
2) Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
The ESC as used in radio controlled craft performs.
Its Primary function is to take the receiver’s and/or flight controller’s signals and apply the
right current to the motors.
Each BLDC motor need an ESC .ESC Regulates power to the motor according to the input
throttle level. It also provides +5V power for the flight electronics.ESC is built on 32 bit
Microcontroller (ARM/AVR) & has an array of MosFets to drive BLDC motor.The Firmware
of ESC is factory programmed.
5. Sunday, August 21, 2016
Contd.
EagleEye
3) Flight Control Board (FCB)
Size: 50.5mm x 50.5mm x 12mm
Weight: 21 gram (Inc Piezo buzzer)
IC: Atmega644 PA
Gyro/Acc: 6050MPU InvenSense Inc.
Auto-level: Yes
Input Voltage: 4.8-6.0V
AVR interface: standard 6 pin.
Signal from Receiver: 1520us (5 channels)
Signal to ESC: 1520us
Its purpose is to stabilize the aircraft during flight. To do this it takes the signal from the
6050MPU gyro/acc (roll, pitch and yaw) then passes the signal to the Atmega644PA IC. The
Atmega644PA IC unit then processes these signals according the users selected firmware
and passes control signals to the installed Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs). These signals
instruct the ESCs to make fine adjustments to the motors rotational speed which in turn
stabilizes the multi-rotor craft.
4) Radio 2.4GHZ TX/RX – Transmitter & Controller
6. `
Avinash Chandra
avinashchandra@yahoo.com
Contd.
EagleEye
5
An RC Transmitter (2.4 GHz RC radio transmitter) is used to direct the quadcopter’s direction
and position. A 2.4 GHz RC radio receiver on the quadcopter receives commands from the
RC transmitter on the ground. (One way link).
The transmitter is the hand-held controller used to remotely control the craft. The
transmitters have two sticks, two trim buttons or a slider per stick, a number of switches, a
display, and a power button.
5) Lithium-Polymer Battery and Charger
LiPo batteries are light in weight & hold huge power in a small package. They have high
discharge rates to meet the need of powering quadcopters.
Charger is used to charge the Li-Po batteris, charging time is usually from 08-12 hrs.
6) Propellers
1045 – 10″ diameter and 4.5″ pitch – this is the most popular one, good for mid-sized quads.
Propeller pairs spin in each direction, but also have opposite tilting, all of them provides lifting
thrust without spinning in the same direction. This makes it possible for the QuadCopter to
stabilize the yaw rotation, which is the rotation around itself.
7. Sunday, August 21, 2016
Contd.
EagleEye
Working
Controls of Quadcopter
Roll – Done by pushing the right stick to the left or right. Literally rolls the quadcopter,
which maneuvers the quadcopter left or right.
Pitch – Done by pushing the right stick forwards or backwards. Tilts the quadcopter,
which maneuvers the quadcopter forwards or backwards.
Yaw – Done by pushing the left stick to the left or to the right. Rotates the quadcopter
left or right. Points the front of the copter different directions and helps with changing
directions while flying.
Throttle – To increase, push the left stick forwards. To decrease, pull the left stick
backwards. This adjusts the altitude, or height, of the quadcopter.
The Rudder – You might hear this term thrown around, but it’s the same as the left
stick. However, it relates directly to controlling yaw (as opposed to the throttle).
Aileron – Same as the right stick. However, it relates directly to controlling roll (left
and right movement).
The Elevator – Same as the right stick. However, it relates directly to controlling
pitch (forwards and backwards movement).
9. Sunday, August 21, 2016
Contd.
EagleEye
PI Setttings and Thrust Analysis
Testing
10. `
Avinash Chandra
avinashchandra@yahoo.com
Contd.
EagleEye
9
Conclusion
From the project based research I have done, it seems feasible to
design and build a quadcopter capable of mission support.
However, the final capability and scope will depend on the
progress and goals established throughout the entirety of next
attempt. I will decide in which direction the project should go to
make the most practical impact that can be accomplished in a
single year of work.
While the initial goal of creating an autonomous quadcopter
capable of sensing obstacles was not reached in this attempt, I still
learned a substantial amount about robot design, fabrication,
control, PI settings, Thrust calculation and Science behind
Aerodynamics.
I used the spring test rig to determine the motor and propeller
thrust for various PWM signals. I used this information for
quadcopter frame down selection and control.
I learned important soldering and electric system fabrication skills
including making a power harness and digital to analog motor
control in these 8 weeks I succeeded in stabilizing the quadcopter
in two degrees of freedom.
The end of the project is bittersweet. I am proud of the
accomplishments, but wish that there were more time and
financial support to improve the quadcopter. For the next attempt
I would further fine tune the stability and add code to handle yaw
and translation in the XYZ-axes. I would also implement the
ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and avoidance as in the
initial goal.
11. Sunday, August 21, 2016
Contd.
EagleEye
Reference
Wikipedia
UAVCoach.com
Hobbyking.com
Control Theory
Aerodynamics (Mechanics of Flight)
Radio Communication
Glossary
BLDC: Brush Less DC (Direct Current) ; Motor
ESC: Electronic Speed Controller
FCB: Flight Control Board (KK2.1.5 used)
GHz: Giga Hertz
IC: Integerated Circuits
KV: K V is the motor velocity constant
SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface
LiPo: Lithium Polymer
PI: Proporttional Integeral
PID: Proportional Integeral Derivative
Props: Propellers
RC: Remote Controlled