Quarter 3 health 8- disease prevention and control(communicable)

1. DISEASE
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
(COMMUNICABLE DISEASES)

2. COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE
Diseases that are transmissable from
one host, (Person, Animal, or other
objects) to another.
Communicable diseases result from the
interaction of an infectious agent called
pathogens.

3. PATHOGENS
Pathogens are disease
causing organisms
which can be viruses,
bacteria, fungi, among
others.

4. STAGES
OF INFECTION

5. INCUBATION
It is the period starting from the
entry of the pathogen until the
appearance of the first sign.
PRODROMALSTAGE
STAGESOFINFECTION
Starts from the onset of non-
specific signs and symptoms such
as fever, headache, and fatigue.
ILLNESSSTAGE
CONVALESCENCE STAGE
An interval when acute symptoms
of infection disappear.
Begins when more specific signs
and symptoms appear.

6. CHAIN
OF INFECTION

7. ACTIVITY
TIME!

8. “DESCRIBE
THE GRAPH”
1. Where does the arc start
and end? What does it
mean?
2. Describe the flow of the
arc. If you noticed, it
started low, then up,
then, it goes down.

9. RESERVOIR
CAUSATIVE
AGENT
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
PORTAL OF EXIT
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

10. MODES OF
TRANSMISSION

11. INDIRECT
CONTACT
DIRECT
CONTACT
CONTACT TRANSMISSION
FOODBORNE/WATER-BORNE
TRANSMISSION
VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION
 DROPLET TRANSMISSION
 AIRBORNE-TRANSMISSION

12. THREE LEVELS OF
PREVENTION

13. PRIMARY PREVENTION - Activities
are done to prevent one from having
the disease.
SECONDARY PREVENTION - Activities are
done to prevent further damages when the
disease has already started.
TERTIARY PREVENTION - the focus is on
rehabilitating the sick person so as to
prevent long-term complications of the
disease.

14. ACTIVITY
TIME!

15. THINK OF ME!
• Write the key words that
are related to the given
acronym PREVENTION. Use
the given letters as initial
of your answers. Write in
your activity notebook.
P
R
E
V
E
N
T
I
O
N

16. COMMON
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES

17.  Nasal congestion and
discharge (rhinorrhea),
sneezing, sore throat,
cough,
 low-grade fever, headache,
and malaise.
Acute Upper Respiratory
Tract Infections
(URTI)
 Any infection along the
tract. It includes common
colds, Infectious
mononucleosis, Influenza,
Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, and
Pertussis.
Symptoms

18.  Boost your immune system
by eating fruits and
vegetables rich in vitamin
C.
 Ensure you are vaccinated
against preventable
respiratory diseases.
Vaccines such as such as
Hib, RSV, dTAP, and Flu.
 Consult a physician if
symptoms persist and take
your medicine as
prescribed.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Wash hands often
especially after using
public comfort rooms.
 Minimize close contact
with people who have
coughs or/are sneezing.
 Cover your mouth and
nose when coughing and
sneezing to prevent
infections from spreading.

19.  Chest pain, Shortness
of breath, Shaking,
Chills, High fever.
PNEUMONIA
Inflammation and
infection of the air
sacs in one or both
lungs.
Symptoms

20.  Do not smoke.
 Stay away from sick people,
if possible. Or wear
personal preventive
equipment (PPE) such as
masks.
 Consult a physician if
symptoms persist and take
your medicine as
prescribed.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Get vaccinated with
pneumococcal vaccine.
 Wash your hands
regularly, especially after
you go to the bathroom
and before you eat.
 Eat right, with plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
 Exercise
 Get enough sleep

21.  Productive cough,
headache, sore throat,
wheezing and shortness
of breath, pain in the
upper chest.
BRONCHITIS
 Inflammation of bronchial
tubes, the airways that
carry air to your lungs.
Symptoms

22.  Cover your nose and mouth
when someone is coughing
and /or sneezing.
 Practice sneezing and
cough etiquette.
 Do not smoke.
 Consult a physician if
symptoms persist and take
your medicine as
prescribed.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Practice proper
handwashing.
 Don’t smoke.
 Insist that others do not
smoke in your home.
 Stay away from or try to
reduce your time around
things that irritate your
airways such as pests, and
pollution.

23.  Cough, colds, fever,
Musculo-skeletal pain/
malaise, loss of
appetite, inflammation
of the nose and
pharynx.
INFLUENZA
 Flu virus spread through
the spray from cough and
sneezes.
Symptoms

24.  Practice sneezing and cough
etiquette.
 Keep your immune system
healthy by Eating nutritious
foods, Having regular exercise,
Keeping stress level low,
Drinking a lot of water, at least
8 to 10 glasses a day.
 Consult a physician if
symptoms persist and take
your medicine as prescribed.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Get vaccinated with flu
vaccine yearly.
 Wash hands frequently to
reduce your risk of
catching colds and flu.
 Avoid smoking and smoky
places.
 Cover your nose and
mouth when someone is
coughing and/or sneezing.

25.  Cough for two weeks or
more, bloody sputum,
chest and back pain for
one month or
more,night sweats,
weight loss
PULMONARY
TUBERCOLOSIS (PTB)
 Caused by bacteria called
mycobacterium tuberculosis
that attack the lungs that
may damage other parts of
the body.
Symptoms

26.  If a family member is recently
diagnosed with PTB, isolate
them in the first two weeks of
medication as they are still
infectious. Do not share utensils,
glasses, towels, and other
personal items.
 Encourage compliance with
medications and follow-up
consults. Wear N95 masks.
 Keep the house clean and well-
ventilated to allow fresh air to
circulate.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Ask if you were given a BCG
vaccine as a newborn. If not, get
vaccinated.
 Eat nutritious and adequate
meals.
 Cover your nose and mouth when
someone is coughing and/or
sneezing.
 When spitting, use pieces of
tissue then dispose of them
properly. Do not spit on the
ground. Practice proper
handwashing.

27.  On-and-off/intermittent
fever, headache most
prominent around the
eyes or periorbital area,
slow pulse rate, low blood
pressure, abdominal pain,
bleeding, rashes, muscle
pains.
DENGUE
 Transmitted by the Aedes
Aegypti mosquito. It is
caused by a flavivirus.
Symptoms

28.  For self-protection
measures, you may wear
long-sleeve shirts and
long pants.
 Use EPA-registered
mosquito repellent like
DEET.
 Consider using a
mosquito net.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Follow the DOH 4S
Strategies against
Dengue: Enhanced 4S
Strategy
 S - earch and Destroy
 S - eek Early Consultation
 S - elf Protection Measures
 S - ay yes to fogging only
during outbreaks.

29.  Yellowish to purulent
discharges, itchiness,
signs and symptoms
differ depending on the
specific causative
agent/pathogen.
 Are infections you can get
by having unprotected sex
with someone who has an
infection.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
(STIs)
Symptoms

30.  Do not do drugs. Do not
share needles, and
syringes.
 In the event of an
infection inform your
partner so they can be
treated as well.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Observe abstinence from
sexual intercourse.
 Practice sexual fidelity to
one partner.
 Practice correct, and
consistent use of
condoms.

31.  It is transmitted via body
fluids such as breast milk,
placenta, semen, and blood.
 A condition in humans in
which progressive failure
of the immune system
allows life-threatening
opportunistic infections
and cancers to thrive.
Human Immune Virus
(HIV) and acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
Symptoms
 Fever, diarrhea, weight loss,
swollen glands, fatigue
/tiredness, white spots in
the mouth, persistent dry
cough.

32.  Do not do drugs. Do not
share needles, and
syringes.
 If highly suspicious
because of possible
exposure get tested and
inform partner.
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
 Observe abstinence from
sexual intercourse.
 Practice sexual fidelity to
one partner.
 Practice correct, and
consistent use of
condoms.

33. EMERGING AND
RE-EMERGING
DISEASES

34. LEPTOSPIROS
 Caused by spirochete bacteria
known as Leptospira
interrogans.
 This disease is spread by the
urine of infected animals, both
domesticated and wild.
 Chills
 Abdominal pain
 High fever
 Conjunctival redness
 Headache 6. muscle
pains
SYMPTOMS

35. AH1NI INFLUENZA
 Caused by H1N1 influenza
virus.
 Spread through airborne
droplets from an infected
human to another, and
possibly through contact with
contaminated inanimate
objects also known as fomites.
 Chills
 Headache
 Fever
 Sore throat
 Cough
 Body aches
 Fatigue
 Stuffy or runny nose
SYMPTOMS

36. HAND FOOT AND
MOUTH DISEASE
(HFMD)
 Caused by Coxsackievirus A
virus. It is transmitted person to
person by the feces-to-mouth
(fecal-oral) route.
 However, they also can be
transmitted by contact with oral
and respiratory
 droplets, and thus can be
inhaled.
 Tiredness
 Low fever
 Itchy rash with red spots,
lumps, and/or small blister on
the hands, and feet
 Small, raw, canker – like sores
on the tongue and inside of
the cheeks that make the
mouth painful
SYMPTOMS

37. SEVERE ACUTE
RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
(SARS)
 An infection caused by a virus
called SARS – associated with
corona virus (SARS – CoV). It
can spread through close
contact with infected person
and through droplet secretion.
 High fever 5. overall
feeling of discomfort
 Headaches 6. diarrhea
 Body aches
 Dry cough after two to
seven days
 Difficulty in breathing
SYMPTOMS

38. CHIKUNGUNYA
 A viral disease transmitted to
humans by the bite of infected
Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes.
 Nausea
 Rash and fever
 Headache
 Fatigue (weakness)
 Vomiting
 Myalgia (muscular pain)
 Swelling of joints
 Debilitating arthralgia (joint
pain)
 tiffness of joints
SYMPTOMS

39. AVIAN INFLUENZA
 A type of flu that normally
happens in birds. The pathogen is
the A H7N9 virus which appears to
have derived from several avian
influenza viruses common among
wild aquatic birds worldwide and
can infect domestic poultry and
other bird and animal species. In
rare cases, it has spread from
infected birds to humans.
 Fever
 Cough
 Difficulty of breathing
 Headache
 Muscular pains or
myalgia
 Generalized weakness or
malaise.
SYMPTOMS

40. COVID-19
 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
is an infectious disease caused by
a newly discovered coronavirus.
 The COVID-19 virus spreads
primarily through droplets of
saliva or discharge from the nose
when an infected person coughs
or sneezes.
 Most common symptoms: fever,
dry cough, tiredness.
 Less common symptoms: aches
and pains, sore throat, diarrhea,
conjunctivitis, headache, loss of taste
or smell, a rash on skin, or
discoloration of fingers or toes.
 Serious symptoms: difficulty
breathing or shortness of breath,
chest pain or pressure, loss of
speech or movement.
SYMPTOMS

41. WRITE A JINGLE!
• Compose a two-stanza modified
jingle about the emerging and re
– emerging diseases and how to
anticipate and control its
spread. Using the tune of the
song “Dance Monkey” by Tones
and I, the jingle must run for a
maximum of 2 minutes.

42. PROGRAMS AND
POLICIES FOR
PREVENTION OF
DISEASES

43. Republic Act 8504:
Philippine AIDS Prevention and
Control Act of 1998
An Act promulgating policies and
prescribing measures for the prevention
and control of HIV/AIDS in the
Philippines.

44. Republic Act 7719:
National Blood Services Act of 1994
The government’s effort in ensuring a
clean blood supply and to regulate blood
banks. It aims to create public
consciousness on the importance of
blood donation in saving the lives of
millions of Filipinos.

45. National Dengue Prevention and
Control Program
Aims to prevent the transmission of the
virus from the mosquito vector to
humans, thus reducing morbidity and
mortality from dengue infection.

46. Philippine Malaria Information
System (PhilMIS)
Developed by the National Epidemiology
Center of the Department of Health
through the technical and financial
support of WHO-AusAID RBM Project
and Global Fund Malaria.

47. National Tuberculosis Control
Program (NTP)
The government’s commitment to
address tuberculosis (TB) problems in
the country with the objective of
detecting all forms of TB cases and
providing cure to them.

48. Expanded Program of Immunization
(EPI)
Established in 1976 through Presidential
Decree 996 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers would have
access to vaccines recommended for their
age to prevent specific diseases. The
program aimed to reduce the mortality
and morbidity among children 0 – 11

49. National Tuberculosis Control
Program (NTP)
The government’s commitment to
address tuberculosis (TB) problems in
the country with the objective of
detecting all forms of TB cases and
providing cure to them.

50. AGENCIES FOR
PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF DISEASES

51. DOH (DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH)
DEPED (DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION)
DOH (DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH)
DPCB (DEPARTMENT OF
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
BUREAU)
INTER-AGENCY TASK
FORE (IATF)

52. WHAT DO YOU THINK?
• WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
AGENCIES IN THE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES?

53. WHAT DO YOU THINK?
• AS A TEENAGER, WHAT CAN YOU DO TO
PREVENT THE SPREAD OF DISEASES?
• HOW CAN YOU HELP YOUR CLASSMATES,
FRIENDS, AND YOUR FAMILY NOT TO BE
INFECTED BY DISEASES?

54. Thank you for
listening!