3. 1. team sport: a sport in which two teams hit a
large ball over a high net using their hands,
played on a rectangular court
2. large inflated ball: a large, usually inflated ball
used to play volleyball.
Volleyball, popular team sport played by hitting an
inflated ball back and forth over a high net. In the
indoor game, each team has six players, while in
beach volleyball, played outdoors on sand, teams
consist of two players each. Points are scored by
successfully landing the ball in the court of the
opponents without it being returned successfully.
4. The Philippines had more influence
over the style of modern volleyball than
you might think. In fact, Philippine
volleyball players invented the set and
spike. More than 800 million people in
the world play volleyball at least once a
week, according to information from the
Westlake High School physical
education department. This competitive
sport burns 364 calories per hour for a
200-pound person.
6. o 1895, William G. Morgan. The game of
volleyball, originally called “mintonette”, after the
invention of basketball by only 4 years. Morgan,
a graduate of the Springfield College of the
YMCA, designed the game to be a combination
of basketball, baseball, tennis and handball.
The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis, was
only 6’6" high (though you need to remember
that the average American was shorter in the
19th century).
o 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.
-introduced in Asia specifically in India.
7. o 1910, The Physical Director of the YMCA, Elwood
S. Brown, first introduced volleyball to the
Philippines that year.
o 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of
passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by
another player (the set and spike) were
introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba"
or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".
- Volleyball was added to school and college
physical education and intramural programs.
o 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15
points.
8. o 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules
were instituted.
o 1922, the first YMCA national championships were
held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states
were represented.
o 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules
were needed, the United States Volleyball
Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was
formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the
field was open to non-YMCA squads.
o 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
o 1934, the approval and recognition of national
volleyball referees.
9. o 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a
desperation play). Most balls were played with
overhand pass.
o 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball
(FIVB) was founded in Paris.
o 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
o 1949, the first World Championships were held in
Prage, Czechoslovakia.
o 1951, Volleyball was played by over 50 million
people each year in over 60 countries.
o 1960's new techniques added to the game
included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass
(bump), blocking across the net, and defensive
diving and rolling.
10. o 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic
Games in Tokyo.
o 1968 National Association of Intercollegiate
Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth
competitive sport.
o 1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA
proposed addition of volleyball to its program.
o 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were
telecast in Japan.
o 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals
(AVP) was formed.
o 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball
Association (WPVA) was formed.
11. o 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World
Championship Series.
o 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.
o 1990, the World League was created.
o 1994, Volleyball World Wide, the first internet site
on the sport of volleyball, was created.
o 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
o 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to
the Olympics
13. The history of volleyball in the Philippines
dates back to 1910. The Physical Director of the
YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced
volleyball to the Philippines that year. Philippine
people began to play volleyball as a backyard
sport and games of beach volleyball soon
followed, according to information from the
Philippine Volleyball Federation, or PVF.
Players hung the net between two trees.
They made up their own rules regarding how
many players on each side and how many times
you could hit the ball before sending it over the
net.
15. o William Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at
the Holyoke, Massachusetts, YMCA (Young
Men's Christian Association) where he served
as Director of Physical Education.
o Alfred Halsted, a spectator commented that the
game involved much "volleying" and game was
renamed Volleyball.
o Mrs. Elwood .S. Brown, brought Volleyball to
the Philippines.
18. o ( A ) Server must serve from behind the
restraining line ( end line ) until after contact.
o ( B ) Ball may be served underhand or
overhand.
o ( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents
before serve.
o ( D ) Served ball may graze the net and drop to
the other side for point.
o ( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley,
each subsequent game shall be served by the
previous game loser.
o ( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump only.
no setting or attacking a serve.
20. o Rally scoring will be used.
o There will be a point scored on every score of
the ball.
o Offense will score on a defense miss or out of
bounds hit.
o Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of
bounds hit, or serve into the net.
o Game will be played to 25 pts.
o Must win by 2 points.
22. o ( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the
serve.
o ( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.
o ( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side.
24. o ( A ) Maximum of three hits per side.
o ( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in
succession ( A block is not considered a hit ).
o ( C ) Ball may be played off the net during a
volley and on serve.
o ( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good.
o ( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a
player body above and including the waist
which does not allow the ball to visibly come to
a rest.
25. o ( F ) If two or more players contact the ball
simultaneously, it is considered one play and
the players involved may not participate in the
next play.
o ( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve.
o ( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only
between front line players. (After the serve
only).
27. o ( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
o ( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net
successfully.
o ( C ) Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming,
Throwing, etc. ).
o ( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body
while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the
net with such force that it causes the net to
contact an opposing player, no foul will be called,
and the ball shall continue to be in play.
28. o ( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these
conditions:
o 1 - When executing a follow-through.
o 2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents
court but is being returned ( the blocker must not
contact the ball until after the opponent who is
attempting to return the ball makes contact).
Except to block the third play.
o ( F ) Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with
the ball or opposing player ).
o ( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order.
o ( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is
clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back
row position.
31. o Ace - A serve that results directly in a point.
o Antenna - Red-and-white striped pole attached to
the net that extends 32 inches above the net and
indicates out-of-bounds along the sideline.
o Assist: Passing or setting the ball to a teammate
who attacks the ball for a kill.
o Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.
The attempt by one team to terminate the play by
hitting the ball to the floor on the opponents side.
32. o Attack Error: An unsuccessful attack which does
one of the following: 1. the ball lands out of
bounds, 2. the ball goes into the net and
terminates the play or goes into the net on the third
hit, 3. the ball is blocked by the opposition for a
point or side out, 4. the attacker is called for a
center line violation, or 5. the attacker is called for
illegal contact(lift, double hit..) on the attack.
o Back Row Attack - When a back row player takes
off to jump behind the 10-foot/3-meter line and
attacks the ball.
o Block - A successful attempt by any front row
player to intercept the ball near the net that
results in the termination of the rally.
33. o Ball Handling Error: Any time the official calls a
double hit, a thrown ball or a lift.
o Block Assist - A successful attempt by any two or
more front row players to intercept the ball near
the net that results in the termination of the rally.
Any person involved in the block attempt that
terminates the rally receives a block assist.
o Blocking Error - A violation that consists of
touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking
a set or any other violation which occurs while
making a block attempt.
34. o Block Solo - A successful attempt by any one front
row player to intercept the ball near the net that
results in the termination of the rally.
o Campfire: A ball that falls to the floor in an area that's
surrounded by two, three, four or more players. At
the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if
the players are encircling and starting a campfire.
o Centerline: The boundary that runs directly under the
net and divides the court into two equal halves.
o Court Dimensions - 59 feet from end line to end line
and 29 feet, 6 inches wide (18m x 9m).
35. o Cross-Court Attack - An attack that is directed
diagonally from the point of attack.
o Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for
the art of passing an attacked ball close to the
floor.
o Dink: A legal push of the ball around or over
blockers.
o Double Hit: Successive hits or contacts by the
same player. (Illegal)
o Down Ball: A ball that is hit overhand and driven
over the net with topspin while the player remains
standing.
36. o Dump - Usually performed by the setter, who
delivers the ball into the opponent's court on the
second contact.
o Extension Roll - A move to the floor which enables a
player to dig the ball.
o Floater: A serve which does not spin or rotate and
therefore moves in an erratic path. This is similar to
a knuckle ball pitch in baseball.
o Forearm Pass - Contacting the ball with the
forearms in order to deliver the ball to the setter in
an underhanded manner.
Free Ball - Returning the ball to the opponent
without the intent to get a kill.
37. o Held Ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact
resulting in a foul.
o Hitter - A player who attacks the ball.
Hitting Percentage - A statistic derived from total
kills minus total attack errors and divided by total
attempts.
o Jump Serve: A serve that is started by the server
tossing the ball into the air and jumping into and
hitting the ball in its downward motion.
o Joust: When 2 opposing players are simultaneously
attempting to play a ball above the net.
o Kill: An attack that results in an immediate point or
side out.
38. o Linesman - Officials located at the corners of the
court; each linesman is responsible for ruling if the
ball is legally in play along the lines for which or she
is responsible.
o Middle Blocker - Usually plays in the middle of the
net when in the front row and moves laterally to her
blocking assignments.
o Net Height - Seven feet, 4-1/8 inches high.
o Off-Speed Hit: Any ball spiked with less than
maximum force but with spin.
o Overlap: Refers to the position of the players in
the rotation prior to the contact of the ball when
serving.
39. o Outside Hitter - Usually plays at the ends of the net
when in the front row.
o Pancake: A one-handed defensive technique where
the hand is extended and the palm is slid along the
floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and is
timed so that the ball bounces off the back of the
hand.
o Pass - Receiving a serve or the first contact of the
ball with the intent to control the ball to another
player.
o Power Tip: A ball that is pushed or directed with
force by an attacking team.
o Quick: A player approaching the setter for a quick
inside hit.
40. o Quick Set: A set usually 2' above the net in which
the hitter is approaching the setter and may even
be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball.
This type of set requires precise timing between
the hitter and setter.
o Rally Scoring - Scoring method used in the fifth
game of matches where points can be won by the
serving or receiving team.
o Red Card - Given by the official to a player or
coach for flagrant misconduct resulting in a
point/side out to the opponent.
o Reception Error: A serve that a player should
have been able to return, but results in an ace.
41. o Roof: A ball that when spiked is blocked by a
defensive player such that the balls deflects straight
to the floor on the attackers side.
o Rotation: The clockwise movement of player around
the court and through the serving position following a
side out.
o Serve: Used to put the ball into play.
o Service Error: An unsuccessful serve in which one or
more of the following occurs: 1. the ball fails to clear
the net, 2. the ball lands out of bounds, or 3. the
server commits a foot fault.
o Side Out Scoring - Scoring method used in games
one through four of matches where points can be
won only by the serving team.
42. o Set - A pass that puts the ball in place for a hitter to
attack.
o Stuff: A ball that is deflected back to the attacking
team's floor by the opponents blockers. A slang term
for block.
o Setter: the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of
the ball who 'sets' the ball with an overhand pass for
a teammate to hit. The setter is like the quarterback
in football - they run the offense.
o Six Pack: Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head
or face by a spiked ball.
o Slide Attack - A low back set to the antenna that the
middle hitter swings behind the setter to attack.
43. o Side Out - A rally won by the team who is receiving
serve, resulting in the right to serve. You cannot
score a point if your team is trying to side out.
o Substitution - Allows one player to replace another
player already on the court. Each team is allowed
15 substitutions per game. Each player is allowed
an unlimited number of entries.
o Spike: Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with
force by a player on the offensive team who
intends to terminate the ball on the opponent's
floor or off the opponent's blocker.
44. o Ten Foot/3-Meter Line - The line extended across
the court to signify the point which a back row
player must leave the ground behind to attack the
ball.
o Wipe: When a hitter pushes the ball off the
opposing block so it lands out of bounds.
o Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or
coach as a warning of misconduct. Two yellow
cards results in an automatic red card.
47. o Volleyball Court Dimensions
- The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in
total. The net in placed in the center of the court,
making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.
o Center Line
- A center line is marked at the center of the
court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares,
above which the net is placed.
o Attack Line
-An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of
the center line.
48. o Playing Area
- Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi
(29'6" x 59').
Indoor courts also include an attack area
designated by
a line 3 m (9'10") back from the center line. Lines
on the court are 5cm (2" wide).
o Net Height
- Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, & outdoor is
2.43 meters or 7'11-5/8".
Net height for women, 7'4-1/8".
The height of the net shall be 8'.
49. o Ball
- The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball
pressure is between 4.5 and 6.0 pounds
o Service Line
-A service line, the area from which the server may
serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the
right sideline on each back line.
o Poles
- Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart,
3 feet further out from the sidelines.
o Ceiling Height
- The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet,
though they should preferably be higher.
51. Officials Signals
The Following Signals Are Generally Used By All Rulebooks. Volleyball Southern California Style http://horne.earthlink.net/~tfakeliany
53. Volleyball officials that make up the officiating
crew are first referee, second referee, scorekeeper,
assistant scorer, and line judges.
The first referee is in charge from the
beginning of the match until the end.
The first referee has authority over all other
members of the officiating crew.
The first referee should talk to all the officiating
crew members before the match starts, going over
any questions officials might have about their
responsibilities.
54. The first referee should have a talk with the
second referee before the match starts discussing
issues such as pre-match protocol and anything
that will help the match run more smoothly.
The second referee should establish a rapport
with the scorekeeper and libero tracker.
If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or
don’t understand something, they should be
comfortable enough to ask the second referee for
help.
55. SCOREKEEPER
The scorekeeper’s main job is to make sure
the score is correct at all times. The scorekeeper
uses a score sheet to keep track of the game.
If there is a difference between the score on
the score sheet and the visual score (flip score,
electronic scoreboard, etc.) the visual score should
be changed to match the score on the scoresheet
unless the mistake on the scoresheet can be
determined and corrected.
One of the volleyball referees should check
the accuracy of the scoresheet at the end of each
set.
56. THE STOREKEEPER...
Pre-match
o Before the match starts, the scorekeeper should fill
in the pre-match info - team names, starting line
ups, etc.
During the match
o Records points when they are scored
o Watches the servers and indicates immediately to
the referees when a server has served out of order.
It's also good preventive officiating to watch teams
volleyball rotation in case assistance is needed for
the second referee to determine the correct team
alignment.
57. o Records player substitutions and team timeouts
o Records any sanctions
o Records all other events as instructed by the
referees
o Records the final result of the set
o In the case of a protest, after the first referee gives
authorization, the scorekeeper lets the game
captain write a statement for protest on the
scoresheet.
After the match
o Records the final result of the match o
Signs the scoresheet
58. ASSISTANT SCORER
The assistant scorer (or libero tracker) sits at
the scorer’s table next to the scorekeeper.
The assistant scorer’s main function is to
record libero replacements on to a libero tracking
sheet.
THE ASSISTANT SCORER...
o Notifies any fault with libero replacements
o Operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer’s
table
o Checks the score on the scoreboard with the
score on the scoresheet
59. LINE JUDGES
If only two line judges are used, they stand at the
corner of the endline that is closest to the right hand of
each referee, diagonally from the corner.
The line judges watch the endline and sideline of
their respective corners.
For FIVB and Official Competitions, four line judges
are used. Each line judge stands in the free zone 1 to 3
meters, lined up with the imaginary extension of their
respective line.
Line judge’s main responsibility is to make signals
to help out the referees in making judgment calls.
Line judges may be instructed to use flags to
make the signals.
60. THE LINE JUDGES SIGNAL...
o Ball “in” and “out” whenever the ball lands near the
lines
o Touches of “out” balls by players receiving the ball
o Ball touching the antennae
o A served ball crossing the net outside the crossing
space (the space between the antennae’s)
o Any player standing off the court at the moment of
service
o Server foot faults
