DRRR- 11-Disaster readiness and risk reduction

2. TYPES OF DISASTERS
1)NATURAL DISASTERS
Natural disasters are large-scale
hydrological,meteorological,or geological
events that can potentially cause extensive
damage to a community rendering it unable
to cope with the disasters concequences
using only its own resources.

3. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS
Hydrometeorological disasters are those
caused by natural processes which are
hydrological , atmospheric , or
oceanographic in origin . the natural
phenomena that contribute to this
disasters are typhoons , floods , storm
surges , landslide, madflows , el nino ,la
nina , etc.

4. •The interplay between oceanographic and atmospheric
processes sometimes produces extreme climatic
conditions.For example,prolonged absence of rain leads to
drought. Sometimes the combined effects of drought and
extreme temperature contributes to standstorm and forest
fires.In places where the temperature unexpectedly swings
to extremely low temperatures, the disaster is a winter
storm where land and vegetation are covered in thick layers
of ice.

5. GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS
•Geological disaster pertain to disaster caused
by the natural geological processes that occur
in our planet such as earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, landslides with geotectonic origin,
and tsunamis.

6. BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
• Biological disasters are destructive events caused by the extensive spread of
particular organisms that harm people and the environment .It can also be
caused by a sudden explosion in population of particular plants and animals
.As a consequence they lead to “health disasters or naturals environmental
disasters”.
• Their sudden appearance are sometimes cyclical ,they come and go with the
seasons.For example , there are times in the year when dengue fever is on the
rise because mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) that transmit it explode in numbers.
Some studies suggest that the most favorable temperature for “aedes aegypti”
to lay many eggs is near 280𝑐 .

7. • One other biological disaster that often appears in the philippines is locust
infestation . both folklore and history tell of this destruction locusts bring
to agriculture, and the hardships farmers hand to bear as a consequence.
Locusts often explode in number during the rapid vegetation growth which
follow a drought season
• The appearance of a massive red tide is another biological disaster. It is
caused by an algal bloom , the rapid increase in population of toxic which
are either cyanobacteria or dinoflagellate . these microorganisms are red
tide. Algal bloom can lead TO TWO dangerous consequence. Their toxins
can enter the human food chain when people eat fish or other aquatic
organisms that consume these algae . it can also contribute to the oxygen
depletion in water which suffocates other aquatic organisms that need it.
It is not uncommon for a fish die-off (FISH KILL)TO HAPPEN AS A
CONSEQUENCE OF RED TIDE.

8. Human also indirectly contribute to algal
bloom through “eutrophication” in which
, the algal bloom is partly caused by
humans . because humans dumps huge
quantities of nutrient –rich substances
into lakes and seas through water runoff
, these bodies of water become partly
fertilized . as a consequence of this
fertilization , algae explode in numbers.

9. WILD FIRES (FOREST FIRES )
• Wild fires are large uncontrolled fires that start in wide patches of
vegetation and creep into human settlement and farming areas
destroying human property and agricultural crops in the process. Most
natural wildfires are caused by a lightning strike on dry patches of
vegetation , although some of them are caused by the spontaneous
combustion of dry fuel such as saw dust , dry leaves , and sulphur
deposits.
• Most wildfires , however , are caused by human carelessness . it can
accidentally spark when a cigarette butt is thrown into the bush ,
when a campfire is left unattended , or when campers did not
completely put off the fire from embers that are left in cooking stoves.
• The impact of wildfires on biodiversity is always huge . because
grassland and forests are ecosystems , wildfires impact all organisms
that inhabit these ecosystems.

10. ASTRONOMICAL DISASTERS
•Astronomical disasters , as the name suggests , pertain to
disasters caused by events from , or objects coming from
outer space . such events are globally catastrophic in their
consequences because it can potentially destroy the whole
planet or destroy vast ecosystems contributing to the
extinction of many species of plants and animals .
•For example , the prevailing theory about the extinction of
dinosaurs is that their sudden disappearance is due to an
asteroid impact some 66 million years ago . this event ,
incidentall6y , coincides with the end of the “cretaceous
period” .

11. •Vast array of species of plants and animals died along with the
dinosaurs during and after the impact , because after the global
firestorm , the cloud of dust which covered the planet initiated
a chain of equally catastrophic events . ash blanketed the
entire atmosphere which prevented plants and planktons from
carrying out photosynthesis . further , a blackened atmosphere
contributed to a significance decrease in global temperature
leading to a global winter.
•The location of asteroid impact is now called the “chicxulub
crater” which was discovered in yucatan peninsula along the
gulf of mexico in 1979 . the crater is 180 kilometers in a
diameter and 20 kilometers in depth.

12. •THANK YOU AND
GOD BLESS..

13. *SUBMITTED BY: FRANCIS SERVANO
•SUBMITTED TO : MS . ROSEL SARIEGO
“DRRR ADVISER”