Pterocarpus marsupiam, commonly known as the Indian kino tree, is a plant indigenous to parts of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It has various traditional medicinal uses including treating diarrhea, bleeding, gout, skin problems, intestinal parasites, and dental problems. The plant contains chemical constituents like epicatechin, which has been shown to help regulate blood sugar levels and may help treat diabetes by increasing insulin release and conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Epicatechin and its analogs have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic effects. Other important constituents include liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, which are flavonoids that may contribute to the plant's antidiabetic properties.

1. Presented By
Puja R. Basule
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
M-pharm I - year

2. Pterocarpus marsupiam
• Synonyms:
Indian kino tree or Malabar kino,
Bijsal, vegisa Bijasar,
Hindi: vijayasar, beeja patta, bila
Marathi: asaaha, asan, asana, bibla
Tamil: acamai, acanapann
Telugu: aine, asana, beejasaramu
Kannada: baengamara, bange, bendagamara
Urdu: bijasar, dam al akhwain
• Biological source:
It consist of the wood and bark of Pterocarpus marsupiam
belonging to Family-Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

3. • Geographical indication :
It is indigenous to Nepal, Srilanka and India (inregions
of the Western Ghats in the Karnataka-Kerala region
and forest of central India)
Dose :
100 and 200 mg/kg

4. EXTRACTION OF DRUG
Extraction of main constituent is done by various methods
1. Infusion : Heartwood are filled with water in beaker and allowed to stand
overnight to give beeja wood water
2. Decoction : Dried heartwood boiled with water and filtered
3. Maceration : Dried heartwood extracted with ethanol for 1 week
4. Percolation : Coarse powder of heartwood is extracted with 95% alcohol in
strenght of 1:6
5. Hot water extraction : Powdered heartwood extracted with hot water

5. TLC Pterocarpus Marsupium
Pterocarpus
marsupium
Mobile phase Decetion Rf value
Alkaloid Toluene: EA:
Dietheylamine
(7:2:1)
Dragendroff 0.40
Steriods Toluene: EA
(9:3:0.7
UV 254nm 0.48
Tannins n-butanol:acetic
acid:water
(14:1:5)
Alc Fecl3 0.88,0.67,0.58

6. Chemical Constituents:
2-(3,4,-dihydroxyphenyl ) chromane- 3,5,7
triol

8. Uses
•Use in diarrhoea.
•Bleeding and gout problem
•Skin problem
•Intestinal parasites
•Dental problem
•Anti microbial properties
•Hyperlipidemia
•Arthritis

9. Mechanism of action
 Regeneration Beta-cell has been proposed in diabetics
rats treated with epicatechin
 It was found to increases cAMP content of islets,
increaes insulin release
 Conversion of proinsulin to insulin
 Reduces blood glucose level in type 2 DM
 The aqueous extract decreases the elevated TNF-alpha
( effect on glucose metabolism) level in Type-2 DM due
to chronic systemic inflammation

10. Some important constituent
Epicatechin
Structure:
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3,5,7-triol
It is isolated from ethanolic extract

11. Analogs of Epicatechin: Reduces plasma level of glucose
( increaes activity 45-60% more activity than epicatechin)

12. Liquiritigenin
Structure:
(S)-7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one;
4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone

13. Structure activity relationship:
The presence 4’- OH group in the B-Ring and double
bond between C2 and C3 is important factors for
binding and enzyme recognition

14. Isoliquiritigenin
Structure:
(E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one

15. Synthesis:
Isomerization