The different forms of Psychological tests in practice including the Neuropsychological assessments..................
Details and the original version of the slide can be available on demand by forwrding a mail request to bivin.jb@gmail.com
The different forms of Psychological tests in practice including the Neuropsychological assessments..................
Details and the original version of the slide can be available on demand by forwrding a mail request to bivin.jb@gmail.com
introduction to mental health nursing Jasleen Kaur
It explains the perspectives of mental health & mental health nursing..It define mental health,mental health nursing,components of mental health,mental health act,mental health program...
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
introduction to mental health nursing Jasleen Kaur
It explains the perspectives of mental health & mental health nursing..It define mental health,mental health nursing,components of mental health,mental health act,mental health program...
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
Psychological testing is a field characterized by the use of samples of performance in order to assess psychological construct, such as cognitive and emotional implementation, about a given individual.
Psychological assessment is a process of testing that uses a combination of techniques to help arrive at some hypotheses about a person and their behavior, personality and capabilities.
Similar to Psychometric assessment Premnath 28 Feb 2013 (20)
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. “ Psyche ” - mind
“ Metron ” - to measure
Chan dynasty - 1000 B C
East India Company - 1832 A D
British model of Chinese testing system -
1855 A D
American Civil Service Commission – 1883 A D
3. Two streams of thoughts
1. Measurement of individual differences
(Darwin, Galton, Cattell)
2. Psychophysical measurements (Herbart,
Weber, Fechner, Wundt)
Experimental psychology and standardized
testing
4. Definition
Psychometrics is defined as the branch of
psychology dealing with measurable factors,
but also as the occult power of defining the
priorities of things by mere contact.
(Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary)
5. Definition
‘A psychological test is any procedure on
the basis of which inferences are made
concerning a person's capacity, propensity or
liability to act, react, experience, or to
structure or order thought or behavior in
particular ways.’
(The British Psychological Society)
6. Definition
Psychological tests are written, visual, or
verbal evaluations administered to assess the
cognitive and emotional functioning of children
and adults.
American Psychological Association (APA)
A psychological test is an objective and
standardized measure of an individual's mental
and/or behavioral characteristics. A psychological
test is an instrument designed to measure
unobserved constructs, also known as latent
variables.
(Wikipedia)
8. 1. Analysis of the situation
2. Tentative selection of test items
3. Development of standardized
procedures
4. Administration of test to a
representative group
5. Final selection of the test items
6. Evaluation of the final test-
9. Depending upon time limit: Speed test and power
test.
e.g. Kaufman Assessment battery for children
Depending upon number of individuals: Group test
and Individual test
Depending upon language: Verbal and Non- verbal
test.
Depending upon method: Paper -pencil and
performance test .
Computed assisted tests:
10. Depending upon what is measured:
Intelligence tests, Aptitude tests,
Achievement tests, Personality tests.
Occupational tests:
Interest tests:
Aptitude tests:
General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB),
Differential Aptitude Tests(DAT)
12. Consisting of questions and short tasks arranged
from easy to difficult, the Stanford- Binet scale
measures a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal
skills.
Its fifteen tests are divided into
verbal reasoning
quantitative reasoning
abstract/visual reasoning
short-term memory
13. Over 140 Genius or Near-Genius/ Gifted
120 – 139 Very Superior
110 – 119 Superior
90 – 109 Average or Normal
80 – 89 Dull Normal
70 – 79 Borderline Deficiency/Mild
50 – 69 Moron /Moderate
20 – 49 Imbecile /Severe
Below 20 Idiot/ Profound
17. Information : A persons level of general
knowledge
Comprehension : How well you can
understand questions and grasp concepts.
Arithmetic : A persons mathematical
abilities.
Similarities : Measures abstract thought.
Digit Span : Measures attention span.
Vocabulary : How many word meanings you
know.
18. Digit Symbol : Mental flexibility with random
symbols.
Picture Completion : Ability to notice
differences between two similar pictures.
Block Design : Mentally construct printed
designs in your head.
Picture Arrangement : Arrange pictures in a
logical order.
Object Assembly : Place the correct part in
relationship to a whole.
19. TYPES
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary
Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI)
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
Children (WISC)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
22. Incorporate ideas from cognitive
psychology and neuropsychology
It consists of 16 subtests ,some for older
and some for younger children (tests that
measure the school experiences more
directly such as naming pictures of well-known
places and objects).
23. The test fall into several categories:
Sequential processing, such as
remembering a series of digits or hand
movements;
Simultaneous processing, such as
arranging a series of related pictures in
the correct order;
24. The test consist of items at each age level
vocabulary
Language development
compression
sentence building
similarities and differences
analogies
sentence repetition
auditory perception
social reasoning
visual-motor co-ordination ability.
25. It is useful to evaluate
Basal age - the ability to pass all the test items at
the particular age.
Terminal age - the inability to pass any of the items
on a particular age level.
The Binet Kamat Test of Intelligence - the Hindi
version can be used for children well versed
with the Hindi language
26. Developed by John C Raven in 1936.
The test consists of 50 designs each of
which has a cut out segment . The
subject is shown the 6-8 cut out
alternative pieces and is asked to
indicate what to be put in the matrix.
27. Matrices are available in three different
forms for participants of different
ability.
Standard Progressive Matrices:
Colored Progressive Matrices:
Advanced Progressive Matrices:
28.
29.
30. Personality tests and inventories evaluate
the thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and
behavioral traits that comprise personality.
The results of these tests determine an
individual's personality strengths and
weaknesses, and may identify certain
disturbances in personality, or
psychopathology
32. 2. PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES
Rorschach test:-
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Sentence completion test
Create drawings (Draw a person
test) or complete a story.
3. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT
4. RATING SCALES
33. Developed in the late 1930’s by psychologist
Starke R. Hathaway and psychiatrist J.C.
McKinley at the University of Minnesota.
The most widely researched and clinically
used of all personality tests
Developed to identify emotional disorders
This is one of the most frequently used
personality tests in mental health.
34. The test is used by trained professionals to
assist in identifying personality structure
and psychopathology.
consists of 567 statements that the test
taker has to mark as “true,” “false,” or
“cannot say.”
Answers are scored according to how they
correspond with those given by persons
with various psychological disorders,
including depression, hysteria, paranoia,
psychopathic deviancy, and schizophrenia.
35. The MMPI is copyrighted by the University of
Minnesota.
It is appropriate for use with adults 18 and
over.
The current MMPI-2 has 567 items, all
true-or-false format, and usually takes
between 1 and 2 hours to complete
depending on reading level.
36. The MMPI-2 is most commonly used by
mental health professionals to assess and
diagnose mental illness.
The MMPI-2 has been utilized in other fields
outside of clinical psychology. The test is often
used in legal cases, including criminal defense
and custody disputes.
37. It has been designed for adults (18 years and
older) who have a minimum of an eighth-grade
reading level.
The MCMI is one of the few self-report tests
that focus on personality disorders along with
symptoms that are associated with these
disorders.
38. The current version, the MCMI-III, is composed of
175 items that are scored to produce 28 scales
divided into following categories
Modifying Indices,
Clinical Personality Patterns,
Severe Personality Pathology
Clinical Syndromes
Severe Syndromes
39. It assesses
Traits (including dominance,
responsibility, self-acceptance)
Socialization
Traits relevant to academic achievement.
Personality Research Form (PRF)
The Neuroticism Extroversion Openness
Personality Inventory, Revised (NEO-PIR)
40. Over several decades of research by
Raymond B. Cattell and his colleagues.
Big Five secondary traits, which have
become popularized by other authors in
recent years.
41. THE EYESENCK PERSONALITY
INVENTORY
Short questionnaire which can be completed in 10
to 20 minutes.
It assesses two dimensions of personality:
Introversion versus Extroversion, and Neuroticism
versus Emotional stability.
The EPI includes a subset of questions that
comprises a Social Desirability Scale (Lie Scale):
42. Projective techniques involve asking subjects to
interpret or fill in visual stimuli, complete
sentences, or report what associations
particular words bring to mind.
Because of the leeway provided by the tests,
subjects project their own personalities onto
the stimulus, often revealing personal conflicts,
motivations, coping styles, and other
characteristics.
44. Created in the 1920s by Swiss psychologist
Hermann Rorschach (1884-1922).
It consists of a series of 10 cards, each
containing a complicated inkblot. Some are in
black and white, some in color.
Subjects are asked to describe what they see
in each card.
45. Test scores are based on several parameters:
1) what part of the blot a person focuses on
2) what particular details determine the
response;
3) the content of the responses (what objects,
persons, or situations they involve);
4) the frequency with which a particular
response has been given by previous test takers
46.
47. Introduced at Harvard University in 1935 by Henry
Murray.
Test takers look at a series of up to 20 pictures of
people in a variety of recognizable settings and
construct a story about what is happening in each
one. They are asked to describe not only what is
happening at the moment shown in the picture but
also what events led up to the present situation and
what the characters are thinking and feeling.
48. Its adherents assert that the TAT taps a
subject's unconscious to reveal repressed
aspects of personality, motives and needs for
achievement, power and intimacy, and
problem-solving abilities.
49. The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story
as they can for each picture presented, including
the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
50.
51.
52. There are 31 picture cards in the standard form of
the TAT .
Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some
of ambiguous gender, some adults, some children,
and some show no human figures at all.
One card is completely blank
53. USES OF TAT
Individual assessments for employment in fields
requiring a high degree such as law
enforcement, military leadership positions.
For diagnosis in order to match psychotherapy
best suited to patients personalities.
Forensic purposes in evaluating the motivations
and general attitudes of persons accused of
violent crimes.
Research into specific aspects of human
personality, most often needs for achievement,
fears of failure, hostility.
54. Specifically for children or adolescents.
Subjects are asked to complete sentences
with such open-ended beginnings as “I
wish . . .” or “My mother . . .”
Same sentence beginnings are shown to
different test takers.
There are no norms for comparing their
answers to those of previous subjects.
56. Luria- Nebraska battery
Halsted- Reitan battery
Michigan neuropsychological battery
Shipley Institute of Living Scale
NIMHANS neuropsychological battery.
57. Assessment of the neurological deficit
Predicts the possible organic psychopathology
Identification of intact neurological functioning
help in the process of neuro-rehabilitation
(Cognitive retraining)
Evaluation and comparison of various treatment
options and its perceived efficacy
Progressive evaluation and formulation of
differential diagnosis
Developmental progression of the milestones
Tackling the mental developmental delay, and
taking necessary actions on time
58. Rating scales are instruments used to assess
the magnitude or severity of a
psychological construct or disorder.
Rating scales aid in research and clinical
practice such data are important for
evaluation, decision making, documentation
and/or analysis.
59. For the assessment of general mental health:
1. Golberg general health questionnaire(GHQ)
2. Subjective wellbeing inventory (SWBI)
For the assessment of anxiety :-
1. Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARC),
2. Covi anxiety scale
60. For the assessment of depression :-
1. Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS),
2. Beck depression Inventory(BDI)
For the assessment of mania :-
1. Young’s mania rating scale,
2. Bech- Rafaelson mania scale
61. For the assessment of schizophrenia :-
1. Brief psychiatric rating scale,
2. Scale for assessment of positive symptoms
and scale for assessment of negative
symptoms.
62. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development has been
standardized on Indian children
The Pandey's Cognitive Development test for the pre-school
child is a standardized test,
1. Conceptual skills
2. Information
3. Comprehension
4. Visual Perception
5. Memory
6. Object vocabulary
63. Assist in diagnosis:-
Assist in the formulation of psychopathology
and in the identification of areas of stress.
Determine the nature of the deficits.
Assess the severity of psychopathology and
response of treatment.
To assess general characteristics of the
individual.
Easy to get information and is more
scientifically consistent.
Used for forensic evaluation, family court
issues, or criminal charges.
Assess level of functioning or disability.
65. Should have knowledge about all the
psychological tests.
Clarify the patient’s and relatives’ doubts
regarding the psychological tests they have to
undergo.
Nurses should have good rapport with the
patients and family members.
66. The nurse should reassure the patient about
the safety of the tests and the confidentiality
of the observations of the psychologist.
The nurse observes the patient’s behavior and
the changes, which occur once the therapy is
commenced.
The nurse observes, informs and records these
changes in patient’s chart.
67. A nurse who is knowledgeable and skilled is an
empowered nurse who is able to function at par
with other team members and thus further
build up the nursing images in the public eye.
The nurse can also interrupt the findings of
various tests and then plan the nursing care
accordingly.