Introduction of PS Core Network Elements and little bit of EPC/LTE Network. This is introductory slides pack for a 10 class/slides set for detail introduction of 2G/3G and LTE PS Core Network.
2G / 3G / 4G / IMS / 5G Overview with Focus on Core NetworkHamidreza Bolhasani
The document provides an overview of mobile networks from 2G to 5G, with a focus on the core network. It describes the key network elements and protocols in 2G/3G networks such as BTS, BSC, NodeB, RNC, SGSN, GGSN. Example call flows and scenarios like location update and SMS are reviewed. GPRS network architecture is introduced including the functions of SGSN, GGSN, CG. Finally, it briefly introduces 5G services before concluding.
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
Mobile networks have evolved over several generations from 1G analog cellular to 4G LTE networks. This document provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and evolution of mobile networks including discussions of 2G, 3G, 4G networks and the Evolved Packet Core. It describes the core network functions and interfaces as well as basic network scenarios.
The document provides an overview of GSM protocols:
- It describes the 7 layers of the OSI model and how they relate to network support layers (physical and data link layers) and user support layers (session, presentation, and application layers).
- It explains key GSM protocol layers including the physical layer, data link layer, and signaling layers used for call setup and termination between mobile devices and the core network.
- It also discusses common protocols used in telephone networks like ISDN, SS7, and how protocols like SCCP, TCAP, MAP, and INAP are used to support services like roaming and calling card transactions.
The document provides an overview of Huawei's Core-CS Network and the evolution of WCDMA networks from Release 99 to Release 5. It discusses key aspects of MSC pool networks including improved resource utilization, enhanced network reliability, and reduced signaling traffic. It also covers AOIP and AOTDM, noting that AOIP allows for end-to-end Transcoder Free Operation and uses lower-cost IP networks for transmission on the A interface user plane.
It is a handbook of UMTS/WCDMA call flows for PS services.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
Introduction of PS Core Network Elements and little bit of EPC/LTE Network. This is introductory slides pack for a 10 class/slides set for detail introduction of 2G/3G and LTE PS Core Network.
2G / 3G / 4G / IMS / 5G Overview with Focus on Core NetworkHamidreza Bolhasani
The document provides an overview of mobile networks from 2G to 5G, with a focus on the core network. It describes the key network elements and protocols in 2G/3G networks such as BTS, BSC, NodeB, RNC, SGSN, GGSN. Example call flows and scenarios like location update and SMS are reviewed. GPRS network architecture is introduced including the functions of SGSN, GGSN, CG. Finally, it briefly introduces 5G services before concluding.
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
Mobile networks have evolved over several generations from 1G analog cellular to 4G LTE networks. This document provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and evolution of mobile networks including discussions of 2G, 3G, 4G networks and the Evolved Packet Core. It describes the core network functions and interfaces as well as basic network scenarios.
The document provides an overview of GSM protocols:
- It describes the 7 layers of the OSI model and how they relate to network support layers (physical and data link layers) and user support layers (session, presentation, and application layers).
- It explains key GSM protocol layers including the physical layer, data link layer, and signaling layers used for call setup and termination between mobile devices and the core network.
- It also discusses common protocols used in telephone networks like ISDN, SS7, and how protocols like SCCP, TCAP, MAP, and INAP are used to support services like roaming and calling card transactions.
The document provides an overview of Huawei's Core-CS Network and the evolution of WCDMA networks from Release 99 to Release 5. It discusses key aspects of MSC pool networks including improved resource utilization, enhanced network reliability, and reduced signaling traffic. It also covers AOIP and AOTDM, noting that AOIP allows for end-to-end Transcoder Free Operation and uses lower-cost IP networks for transmission on the A interface user plane.
It is a handbook of UMTS/WCDMA call flows for PS services.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
Gsm architecture, gsm network identities, network cases, cell planning, and c...Zorays Solar Pakistan
This document discusses GSM network architecture and components. It describes the key elements like the MSC, HLR, VLR and their functions. It explains cell planning and frequency reuse. It also covers network identities, attaching and roaming processes, call setup, and charging systems like triggered charging for calls and SMS. Compound charging processes for originating calls, voucher refills through IVR are summarized.
This document provides an overview and detailed descriptions of Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) features in an evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN). It describes CSFB procedures for falling back from an LTE network to UTRAN or GERAN networks to support circuit switched services like voice calls. The document includes sections on CSFB architectures, handover decisions and executions, related interfaces, engineering guidelines, parameters and troubleshooting.
The document summarizes the simplified call flow signaling process for a 2G/3G voice call. It shows that UE1 establishes a connection with the access network and core network to page UE2. UE2 responds and a connection is established between the two user equipments through the core network, with a notification that they are now connected.
This document provides guidelines for LTE radio frequency (RF) network optimization. It describes the network optimization process including single site verification and RF optimization. Key aspects of RF optimization covered include preparing for optimization by collecting data, analyzing problems related to coverage, signal quality and handover success rate, and adjusting parameters like transmit power, antenna tilts and neighboring cell configurations. Common issues addressed are weak coverage, coverage holes, lack of a dominant cell, and cross coverage between cells. Optimization methods and specific cases are presented to resolve different problems.
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
This document provides an overview of UMTS traffic management and mobility management. It describes the UMTS network architecture including nodes like the RNC, SGSN, GGSN and core network elements. It explains concepts like bearers, radio access bearers (RABs), and radio resource connections (RRC). Mobility management procedures are outlined including location registration, location updating, routing area updates, paging, and roaming between home and visitor networks. Databases like the HLR that store subscriber information and support mobility functions are also detailed.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
This document provides an overview of GSM MSC/MSC-S R12 configuration. It discusses network architecture models including vertically and horizontally integrated networks. It describes the different network layers and nodes in GSM and WCDMA systems. These include the base station system, core network nodes like the MSC and SGSN. It also covers signaling protocols used in the core network like SS7, SIGTRAN, BICC and H.248. The document provides information on identities used in GSM and WCDMA networks like IMSI, MSISDN. It discusses addressing of switching system entities using global and mobile global titles. Finally, it introduces concepts related to MSC servers and media gateways.
The document discusses GPRS network architecture and processes. It describes how a mobile station (MS) attaches to and detaches from the GPRS network by communicating with the SGSN and HLR. It also describes how a temporary block flow (TBF) is established to enable data transfer between the MS and network. Additionally, it outlines how a packet data protocol (PDP) context is activated and deactivated to manage the subscriber's data session.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
This document summarizes the steps in a 3G-UMTS originating call. It describes the setup of radio bearers and RANAP signaling in detail. The call involves establishing an RRC connection between the UE and RNC, authentication and security procedures between the UE and core network, setting up the voice radio access bearer, and connecting the call before releasing resources at the end.
GSM is the globel system of organation . It consists of
M.S,BSC MSC ,OMC,FIXED Phone.Mobile station is carried by
the subscriber.and base station subsystem control the radio
link with mobile station . The main part of system is
mobile switching center perform switching of calls between
the mobile and fixed or mobile network use. and operational
and maintainence center oversees the proper operation and
set up of the network. The MS and BSC communicate across
the um link or air interface and BSC&MSC communicate across
A interface.
This document summarizes the signaling flow between a UE, RNC, and MSC server during the establishment and release of a circuit switched call. It involves the following key steps:
1. The UE sends an RRC Connection Request to the RNC to initiate a call, and the RNC forwards this to the MSC server.
2. The MSC server and RNC then perform authentication and security procedures with the UE.
3. Once authenticated, the call is established with radio bearer setup between the UE and RNC and exchange of call signaling messages between the UE and MSC server.
4. Upon call completion, signaling is exchanged to release the radio bearers and disconnect the call.
This Workshop is a fast track Course to cover the basic architecture and functionalities of the LTE-EPC from the Packet Core Perspective.
The course is a little bit advanced and the target Audience is requested to have a basic PS Foundations and Mobility Knowledge as a prerequisite.
The course will cover the LTE-EPC Architecture, Call flows, Mobility and session management in addition to introductory slides for the EPS Security and LTE-DNS.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
The document provides an overview of an LTE network including:
1) The key components of an LTE network including the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), radio access network (eNodeB), and user equipment (UE).
2) Protocols and functions used within the LTE network for mobility, authentication, quality of service, charging, and multimedia services.
3) Interworking of the LTE network with external networks including legacy 3G networks, non-3GPP access like WiFi, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for voice, and IPX networks for roaming.
OSPF is an intra-domain routing protocol that uses a link-state algorithm to calculate the shortest path to destinations within an autonomous system. It divides an autonomous system into areas to limit routing updates and allows for route summarization between areas. OSPF uses hello packets to discover neighbors, database description packets to exchange routing information, link-state request packets to request updates, and link-state acknowledgment packets to acknowledge receipt of updates.
Bts3900 Site Maintenance Guide(V200 01)Atif Mahmood
This document provides a summary of safety guidelines and maintenance procedures for the BTS3900 site. It outlines important safety precautions regarding electricity, batteries, radiation, working at heights, and mechanical safety. The document also describes routine hardware maintenance items for the NodeB equipment room, power system, and BTS3900 cabinet. Procedures for powering on and off the BTS3900, as well as replacing components like the BBU3900 case, boards, DCDU-01, FAN modules, PMU/PSU, SLPU, and WRFU are presented.
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
Gsm architecture, gsm network identities, network cases, cell planning, and c...Zorays Solar Pakistan
This document discusses GSM network architecture and components. It describes the key elements like the MSC, HLR, VLR and their functions. It explains cell planning and frequency reuse. It also covers network identities, attaching and roaming processes, call setup, and charging systems like triggered charging for calls and SMS. Compound charging processes for originating calls, voucher refills through IVR are summarized.
This document provides an overview and detailed descriptions of Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) features in an evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN). It describes CSFB procedures for falling back from an LTE network to UTRAN or GERAN networks to support circuit switched services like voice calls. The document includes sections on CSFB architectures, handover decisions and executions, related interfaces, engineering guidelines, parameters and troubleshooting.
The document summarizes the simplified call flow signaling process for a 2G/3G voice call. It shows that UE1 establishes a connection with the access network and core network to page UE2. UE2 responds and a connection is established between the two user equipments through the core network, with a notification that they are now connected.
This document provides guidelines for LTE radio frequency (RF) network optimization. It describes the network optimization process including single site verification and RF optimization. Key aspects of RF optimization covered include preparing for optimization by collecting data, analyzing problems related to coverage, signal quality and handover success rate, and adjusting parameters like transmit power, antenna tilts and neighboring cell configurations. Common issues addressed are weak coverage, coverage holes, lack of a dominant cell, and cross coverage between cells. Optimization methods and specific cases are presented to resolve different problems.
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
This document provides an overview of UMTS traffic management and mobility management. It describes the UMTS network architecture including nodes like the RNC, SGSN, GGSN and core network elements. It explains concepts like bearers, radio access bearers (RABs), and radio resource connections (RRC). Mobility management procedures are outlined including location registration, location updating, routing area updates, paging, and roaming between home and visitor networks. Databases like the HLR that store subscriber information and support mobility functions are also detailed.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
This document provides an overview of GSM MSC/MSC-S R12 configuration. It discusses network architecture models including vertically and horizontally integrated networks. It describes the different network layers and nodes in GSM and WCDMA systems. These include the base station system, core network nodes like the MSC and SGSN. It also covers signaling protocols used in the core network like SS7, SIGTRAN, BICC and H.248. The document provides information on identities used in GSM and WCDMA networks like IMSI, MSISDN. It discusses addressing of switching system entities using global and mobile global titles. Finally, it introduces concepts related to MSC servers and media gateways.
The document discusses GPRS network architecture and processes. It describes how a mobile station (MS) attaches to and detaches from the GPRS network by communicating with the SGSN and HLR. It also describes how a temporary block flow (TBF) is established to enable data transfer between the MS and network. Additionally, it outlines how a packet data protocol (PDP) context is activated and deactivated to manage the subscriber's data session.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
This document summarizes the steps in a 3G-UMTS originating call. It describes the setup of radio bearers and RANAP signaling in detail. The call involves establishing an RRC connection between the UE and RNC, authentication and security procedures between the UE and core network, setting up the voice radio access bearer, and connecting the call before releasing resources at the end.
GSM is the globel system of organation . It consists of
M.S,BSC MSC ,OMC,FIXED Phone.Mobile station is carried by
the subscriber.and base station subsystem control the radio
link with mobile station . The main part of system is
mobile switching center perform switching of calls between
the mobile and fixed or mobile network use. and operational
and maintainence center oversees the proper operation and
set up of the network. The MS and BSC communicate across
the um link or air interface and BSC&MSC communicate across
A interface.
This document summarizes the signaling flow between a UE, RNC, and MSC server during the establishment and release of a circuit switched call. It involves the following key steps:
1. The UE sends an RRC Connection Request to the RNC to initiate a call, and the RNC forwards this to the MSC server.
2. The MSC server and RNC then perform authentication and security procedures with the UE.
3. Once authenticated, the call is established with radio bearer setup between the UE and RNC and exchange of call signaling messages between the UE and MSC server.
4. Upon call completion, signaling is exchanged to release the radio bearers and disconnect the call.
This Workshop is a fast track Course to cover the basic architecture and functionalities of the LTE-EPC from the Packet Core Perspective.
The course is a little bit advanced and the target Audience is requested to have a basic PS Foundations and Mobility Knowledge as a prerequisite.
The course will cover the LTE-EPC Architecture, Call flows, Mobility and session management in addition to introductory slides for the EPS Security and LTE-DNS.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
The document provides an overview of an LTE network including:
1) The key components of an LTE network including the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), radio access network (eNodeB), and user equipment (UE).
2) Protocols and functions used within the LTE network for mobility, authentication, quality of service, charging, and multimedia services.
3) Interworking of the LTE network with external networks including legacy 3G networks, non-3GPP access like WiFi, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for voice, and IPX networks for roaming.
OSPF is an intra-domain routing protocol that uses a link-state algorithm to calculate the shortest path to destinations within an autonomous system. It divides an autonomous system into areas to limit routing updates and allows for route summarization between areas. OSPF uses hello packets to discover neighbors, database description packets to exchange routing information, link-state request packets to request updates, and link-state acknowledgment packets to acknowledge receipt of updates.
Bts3900 Site Maintenance Guide(V200 01)Atif Mahmood
This document provides a summary of safety guidelines and maintenance procedures for the BTS3900 site. It outlines important safety precautions regarding electricity, batteries, radiation, working at heights, and mechanical safety. The document also describes routine hardware maintenance items for the NodeB equipment room, power system, and BTS3900 cabinet. Procedures for powering on and off the BTS3900, as well as replacing components like the BBU3900 case, boards, DCDU-01, FAN modules, PMU/PSU, SLPU, and WRFU are presented.
This document provides an overview of 3G non-technical topics, including:
1. It describes the core network components in circuit switched and packet switched networks such as the MSC, SGSN, and GGSN.
2. It discusses the current mobile market situation and growing demand for mobile voice and broadband services.
3. It gives examples of Ericsson's product portfolio for GSM and WCDMA core network elements.
4. It outlines Ericsson's vision for network evolution towards an all-IP multimedia core network based on IMS standards.
The document describes the hardware structure and features of the Huawei BTS3900 base station system. The BTS3900 system includes a BBU3900 unit, MRFU units, and an indoor cabinet. The BBU3900 processes signals and manages resources, and contains boards like the GTMU, WMPT, WBBP, and UPEU. The system supports GSM, dual-mode GSM/UMTS, and UMTS networks and provides functions such as high capacity, transmission sharing, and flexible clock synchronization.
Soft x3000 operation manual configuration guide. Part replacement is risky. Before the operation, you must estimate whether the risk can
be controlled with some technical protection measures without powering off the
equipment. If so, you can carry out the replacement; if not, contact the regional office of
Huawei immediately for technical support.After taking corresponding protection measures, you can carry out the replacement
operations by following the procedures stipulated in this manual, for example, pulling
out a board, inserting a board, or setting dual-inline package (DIP) switches of a board.
To make sure the security, only professionals who have been trained can replace the
parts which can be replaced only when the back door of the cabinet is open, because
the power distribution box and service frames are with -48V power terminals.
Notes on Equipment Security
Do not pull out two or more than two UPWRs in one frame simultaneously; otherwise,
the running UPWRs in the frame will be overloaded or even burnt.
Never insert UPWRs of different types into the same frame. The UPWR has two types:
a and b. If the UPWRs of different types are inserted in one frame, the current supplied
by various UPWRs is not even, and the UPWR supplying more current will be
overloaded or even burnt.
Complete the replacement of a fan box within five minutes; otherwise, the security and
normal operation of the corresponding service frame will be greatly affected.
1. The document describes the structure and components of the HUAWEI BTS3036 mobile communication system. It includes a baseband unit (BBU) cabinet, double radio filter unit (DRFU), direct current distribution unit (DCDU), and fan box.
2. The BBU cabinet houses the main boards, including the baseband board, environment interface board, GSM transmission board, and E1/T1 protection board. It also includes interface modules and power/fan modules.
3. The document provides detailed information on the ports, LED indicators, and functions of each component board within the BBU cabinet, including the baseband board, power board, environment interface board, and G
Comparison between bts 312, 3012 and 3900 by usman zulfqarusman zulfqar
The document compares the features and specifications of 3 mobile network equipment models: Huawei BTS 312 (2G), Huawei BTS 3012 (2.5G), and Huawei Node B 3900 (3G). Key differences include supported technology and standards, number of transceiver units, transmission modes, power supply requirements, dimensions, and temperature ranges. The BTS 312 supports 2G, BTS 3012 supports 2.5G, and Node B 3900 supports 3G UMTS networks. Node B 3900 allows for the most transceiver units and network topologies.
The document provides an overview of GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA protocols and call flows. It describes the architecture, interfaces and protocols of each generation at the physical, data link and network layers. Key protocols discussed include LAPD, RR, MM, CM, SNDCP, GTP, RLC, MAC, RRC. Call flows for basic call origination, authentication, data transfer and detach procedures are illustrated for each network. The document also introduces HSDPA and HSUPA enhancements to UMTS such as new channels, scheduling functionality and H-ARQ protocol.
This document provides guidance on commissioning the BTS3900 GSM base station. It describes starting the site maintenance terminal, checking software versions and network connectivity, commissioning the antenna system, verifying system operation and services, monitoring environmental conditions, and addressing frequently asked questions. Safety precautions and requirements for commissioning resources are also covered.
The document provides an introduction to 2G/3G and 4G core mobile networks. It discusses key network elements like BTS, BSC, RNC, SGSN, GGSN, eNodeB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It provides an overview of the differences between circuit switching and packet switching. It also summarizes simplified call flows for 2G/3G packet data and 4G, highlighting the core network elements involved and interfaces between them.
E nodeb commissioning guide(v100r005c00 04)(pdf)-enVugar Ali
This document provides instructions for commissioning an eNodeB using different commissioning modes, including remote commissioning via an M2000 management system and local commissioning directly on the eNodeB or via a USB flash drive. It describes the commissioning procedures and preparation steps for various scenarios depending on whether a security gateway is deployed. The document contains details on tasks such as downloading software, configuring the antenna system, testing basic services, and setting the eNodeB to normal operating mode after commissioning completion.
This document discusses the process of routing packets through a network. [1] It begins with an outline and introduction on routing and packaging. [2] It then provides definitions of routing, routers, and the components involved. [3] The main body explains the step-by-step routing process from pinging a destination to receiving the response, covering protocols, routing tables, and the role of routers in directing packets.
What is the Difference Between OLT and ONTSun Telecom
While setting up fiber Internet at your place of choice, you may come across an exhaustive list of abbreviations such as OLT, ONT, PON, and more. However, for simplicity, trying to understand all of them at once may get daunting. So first, let’s know the difference between OLT and ONT, which helps gauge your ISP’s services better.
An optical network unit (ONU) is used on the user side and designed to meet the requirements of the broadband access network. It provides high-speed internet access, voice, IPTV/CATV, and Wi-Fi service. This article provides some knowledge about ONU.
The Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is an effective network that provides high bandwidth, low cost, and broad service capabilities. This article provides some knowledge about EPON.
Optical network terminal (ONT) plays a crucial role in bringing fiber optic internet to the home via the internet service provider. This article provides information about ONT.
- The student completed an 8-week field practice training at Tanzania Telecommunication Cooperation Limited (TTCL) in Mbeya, Tanzania to fulfill requirements for a Basic Technician Certificate in Information Technology from Teofilo Kisanji University.
- During the training, the student learned about the services offered by TTCL, how to configure and connect network devices, troubleshoot issues with modems, phones and wiring, and modify infrastructure to provide telephone and internet access.
- Challenges faced included adapting to the work environment, learning technical terms and skills, and issues during cable installations. These were overcome by practicing skills during breaks, asking supervisors questions, and gaining hands-on experience through
This document discusses communications, telecommunications, and computer networks. It defines key concepts such as analog and digital signals, different types of transmission media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and wireless transmission, and networking devices like modems, multiplexers, and front-end processors. It also covers network topologies, different types of computer networks, and client-server models.
This document provides an overview of fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) network architectures including fiber-to-the-premise (FTTP), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and fiber-to-the-node (FTTN). It describes the key components of a passive optical network (PON) including the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network termination (ONT). It also discusses approaches to deploying FTTx networks such as greenfield, overbuild, and using FTTN/FTTC as intermediate steps to eventually enabling FTTP directly to customer premises.
Telnet allows users to connect to remote computers over the Internet. When connecting, the client and server computers negotiate which terminal emulation protocol to use to determine how keystrokes are transmitted. Typed text is buffered on the client computer and sent as packets to the server computer using the IP addresses to route the information. The server processes the data and returns results to the client screen, though there may be delays due to network routing.
FTTH Network A Future-Proof Solution for Access Network ApplicationSun Telecom
Demand for high bandwidth services by end users continues to grow rapidly. To meet current and future demand for services, such as internet TV, 4K/8K video, online gaming, VR/AR, and IoT, operators are deploying FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home) to the consumer’s home or business. It provides low latency, high reliability, and high-speed internet connections. This article provides some information about FTTH.
This document provides a summary of integrating IP telephony into the public switched telephone network (PSTN) environment. It discusses the evolution of PSTN from analog to digital networks and the emergence of time division switching. It then outlines the architecture of a soft switch solution for integration, including edge, core, control, and application layers. Finally, it discusses existing practices for integration, such as replacing tandem exchanges, and considers the specific context of integrating IP networks in Bangladesh.
This document discusses IPTV networks and protocols. It explains that UDP is better suited than TCP for live video and audio transmission due to TCP's need for packet acknowledgement. Multicast transmission sends one stream to multiple receivers without using additional bandwidth, while Unicast sends individually to each receiver. A 1000Mb network is recommended for reliable use with IPTV to avoid bottlenecks. Network monitoring software like Wireshark can analyze IPTV traffic and identify sources.
The document discusses various approaches to improving TCP performance over mobile networks. Indirect TCP splits the TCP connection at the foreign agent to isolate the wireless link. Snooping TCP has the foreign agent buffer packets and retransmit lost packets locally. Mobile TCP uses a supervisory host to monitor connections and choke the sender window during disconnections. Other techniques discussed include fast retransmit/recovery after handovers, freezing TCP states during interruptions, selective retransmission of only lost packets, and transaction-oriented TCP to reduce overhead of short messages. Each approach has advantages but also disadvantages related to compatibility, transparency, and complexity.
How to save legacy telecom business at verge of collapseAbraham Paul
INTERNET is the best thing happened in Communication technology in past few decades. IOT and IOE are the golden catch words that change the whole world. As it appears to millions out there, strangling of Net neutrality will be a horrendous mistake.
Nonetheless, the following facts and concerns call for serious consideration of all stake holders, the Telecom Business groups, Regulators and the Government, lest the World Telecom get disrupted beyond retrieval.
Net netrality without hurting telcos and usersAbraham Paul
No one can stop advancement of Technology; and then Technology changes too quickly too. However, most Technology advancements disrupt the paths it goes through and grows. Same is truer in Information Communication Technology also. Advancement in ICT brought in convergence of Systems & Networks, mode of connectivity, the end links and User end devices and converged various forms of ICT based transactions that helped to provide Universal mode of Telecommunication that help humanity across the word.
INTERNET is the best thing happened in Communication technology in past few decades. IOT and IOE are the golden catch words that change the whole world. As it appears to millions out there strangling Net neutrality will be a horrendous mistake. Nonetheless, the following facts and concerns call for serious consideration of all stake holders, the Telecom Business groups, Regulators and the Government, lest the World Telecom get disrupted beyond retrieval.
1. The document discusses IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) and key concepts related to implementing an IPTV system such as TCP, UDP, RTP, multicasting, and unicasting.
2. TCP ensures correct transmission of data but is not ideal for live video/audio. UDP is better suited for live streams as it does not require acknowledgment of receipt. RTP improves UDP for multimedia transmission.
3. Multicasting transmits a single stream to multiple receivers simultaneously without additional bandwidth, while unicasting transmits to a single receiver.
This document discusses IPTV and the key concepts needed to understand it, such as TCP, UDP, RTP, multicasting, and unicasting. It explains that TCP ensures correct data transmission but is not ideal for live video/audio, while UDP is better suited for its simplicity and lack of error checking. RTP improves live transmission by adding identification, timestamps and frame handling. Multicasting sends a stream to all receivers, while unicasting sends to one. A 1000Mbps network is recommended for reliable multi-user IPTV over a 100Mbps network. Network monitoring tools like Wireshark can analyze IPTV traffic.
The document provides an overview of LTE technology in 10 minutes by answering frequently asked interview questions about LTE. It begins by stating the purpose is to provide essential LTE knowledge quickly. It then lists 20 questions about LTE topics like bandwidths, resource blocks, throughput, UE states, handover types, measurements and control channels. For each question it provides a concise 1-2 sentence answer. It concludes by introducing the author and encouraging the reader to contact them with any additional questions.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
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Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
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During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
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1. Hi,
I am Narendra Singh Negi
working with Net Consulting International
As Senior Recruitment Consultant & Database Specialist
from April 2009 to till now
During this period I have grasped the telecom
knowledge, so today I would like to share my Knowledge
with all of you!
3. This is a method of breaking data files into small packets
or chunks in order to send them across a network
When we want to make a call to someone else then a dedicated
connection is set up between us. While that cal is taking place between
us have sole use of the telephone line no one else can use it. Once the
call is finished the connection is broken and the line becomes available
for somebody else to use. The line is tied up for the whole length of the
call . This is called “Circuit Switch”.
4. Here you can see that to communicate 1st user
to 2nd user we need Specifically network wire,
and same we have to do with 3rd to 4th user
Think after some time some other new users
come in network
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Why we need Packet Switching
How does it work
Where it is used
What are the Advantage
How we can get rid off from 1 – 1 Network wiring
11. 010101010101
010101010101
010101010101
010101010110
1001001
1011010 Finally
1010 Equipment
1011010 1011010 get data
1010 1010 what the
Each packet have a Unique Address
first
Called “IP” address
Equipment
1011010
sent
1010
Collecting
Packets and
joining the 010101010101
1011010 1011010 data by using 010101010101
1010 1010 IP Address 010101010101
1011010 1011010 010101010110
1010 1010 1001001
12. This method works extremely well, Because if one branch gets too
busy or broken, then the packet are automatically routed another
path Instead.
13. Information send by 1st user and it is on A, if B path is busy information would go
through the C path or C path is busy than it would go through the B path
14. Packet switching is used to optimize the use of the channel
capacity available digital telecommunication networks
such as computer networked.
It is tightest upper bound on the amount of information
that can be reliably transmitted over a channel.
To minimize the transmission latency (the time it takes for
data to pass across the network).
To increase robustness of Communication.
15.
16. The Radio Network Controller (or RNC) is a governing
element in the UMTS radio access network (UTRAN)
and is responsible for control the Node Bs that are
connected to it. The RNC carries out radio resource
management, some of the mobility management
functions and is the point where encryption is done
before user data is sent to and from the mobile. The
RNC connects to the Circuit Switched Core Network
through Media Gateway (MGW) and to the SGSN
(Serving GPRS Support Node) in the Packet Switched
Core Network.
17. The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is a main component of
the GPRS network. The GGSN is responsible for the interworking
between the GPRS network and external packet switched
networks, like the Internet .
The GGSN converts the GPRS packets coming from the SGSN into
the appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format (e.g., IP) and
sends them out on the corresponding packet data network. In the
other direction, PDP addresses of incoming data packets are
converted to the GSM address of the destination user.
The readdressed packets are sent to the responsible SGSN. For
this purpose, the GGSN stores the current SGSN address of the
user and his or her profile in its location register. The GGSN is
responsible for IP address assignment and is the default router for
the connected user equipment (UE). The GGSN also performs
authentication and charging functions.
18. The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is a main
component of the GPRS Network, which heddles all
packet switched data within the network, ex the mobility
management and authentication of the users.
The SGSN perform the same function as the MSC. MSC
The Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is a telephone
exchange that makes the connection between mobile users
within the network, form Mobile users the public switched
Telephone network
19. If you need this Presentation in Animated PowerPoint slide write me email on
above given email address, Experience would be much Different