An enlarged prostate, also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causes frequent and difficult urination in many men over 50 as the prostate gland grows larger with age. Symptoms range from frequent urination to inability to urinate. Treatment options include watchful waiting, lifestyle changes, medications to relax the bladder or shrink the prostate, minimally invasive procedures, and surgery. Left untreated, BPH can lead to permanent kidney damage.