The prostate gland is located in the male pelvis below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is about 4cm wide, 3cm long, and 2cm thick, and weighs around 8 grams. The prostate surrounds the urethra as it exits the bladder. It has an apex, base, and surfaces. The prostate contains zones that are susceptible to different conditions - the peripheral zone is prone to cancer while benign prostatic hyperplasia arises in the periurethral transition zone. The prostate receives blood supply from inferior and middle rectal arteries and drains into internal iliac veins.

1. PROSTATE GLAND
BY
DR.ANKUSH D. KHEDKAR
ASST. PROF. IN RACHANA SHARIR

2. INTRODUCTION
• The Prostate is an accessory gland of the male
reproductive system.
• The Prostate is firm in consistency because of
fibromuscular stroma in which the glandular
elements are embedded.
• In the female the prostate id represented by
the paraurethral gland of skene.

3. SITUATION
• The prostate lies in the lesser pelvis,
• below the neck of the urinary bladder,
• Behind the lower part of pubic symphysis and the upper
part of pubic arch
• Lies in front of the ampulla of the rectum.

4. SHAPE , SIZE & WEIGHT
• Shape -It resemble an inverted cone
• Size- width is about 4 cm transversely at the
base , 3cm vertically length, 2 cm
anteroposteriorly thickness.
• Weight – 8 gm.

5. FEATURES
• The prostate presents an Apex , a Base,
• Four surfaces
1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. 2 Inferolateral

6. • APEX-
The apex is directed downwards
Surrounds the junction of prostatic and
membranous parts of posterior urethra
It is separated from the anal canal by the
perineal body.
• BASE
The base is directed upwards, and structurally
continuous with the neck of the bladder.

7. Surface
1. Anterior surface-
Narrow & convex from side to side.
It lies 2cm behind the pubic symphysis.
Its upper part is connected to the pubic bone
by the Puboprostatic ligament.
The lower end of this surface is pierced by the
Urethra.

8. 2) Posterior surface
This surface triangular in shape
It is flattened from side to side and convex
from above downwards
It is separated from the rectum by the fascia
of Denonvilliers
This surface lies 4 cm from the anus, and can
easily palpated on digital examination through
the rectum.
3 & 4 ) 2 Inferolateral surface-
This surface is related the side walls of pelvis.

9. Zones of the prostate
• Prostate gland is divided in to
1. Peripheral zone (70%)
2. Central zone. (25%)
3. Periurethral transition zone (5%)
1) Peripheral zone – it from the 70% of glandular
tissue.
It is situated posteriorly and is cancer vulnerable.

10. 2) Central zone –
• It constitute 25% of glandular tissue situated posterior to the
urethral lumen and above the ejaculatory duct
• This central zone not involved in any diseases.
3) Periurethral transition zone-
• It constitute 5% of glandular tissue.
• From this zone Benign prostatic hyperplasia arises.

11. Sphincture related to prostate
1. Internal urethral sphincture – it subserves sexual function of
closing during ejaculation.
• If this sphincture gets resected , retrograde ejaculation occurs
2. External urethral sphincture- it is seen at the junction of prostatic
and membranous parts of the urethra
• It is horse shoe shaped with most of the bulk lying anteriorly

12. Lobes
The prostate gland was described earlier as
having five lobes initially
• One anterior, one posterior, one median, 2
lateral
As of now, the glandular tissue is divided into
3 lobes
• 2 lateral and One median

13. Capsules and ligaments of prostate
1. True capsule- it is formed by the condensation of the peripheral
part of gland.
• It is fibromuscular in structure and is continuous with stroma of
the gland.
2. False capsule- it lies outside the true capsule
• Anteriorly it is continuous with the puboprostatic ligamnent , on
each side prostatic venous plexus , posteriorly it is avascular , and
it is formed by the rectovesical fascia of denonvilliers.

14. • Structures within the prostate
1. Prostatic urethra traverses the the gland vertically
2. Prostatic utricle – it is bind sac directed upwards and
backwards
3. The ejaculatory duct- it passes downwards and forwards
and open into the prostatic urethra on each side of the
opening of prostatic utricle

15. Blood supply
• Inferior vesicle artery
• Middle rectal artery
• Internal pudendal artery
Venous drainage-
• Internal pudendal vein
• Internal iliac vein
Lymphatic drainage
• Internal iliac lymphnode
• Sacral lymphnodes
Nerve supply
• Sympathetic nerves
• parasympathetic nerves

16. Applied aspect
• Senile enlargement of prostate – after 50 years of age
the prostate is often enlarged due to benign
hypertrophy
• Digital examination of prostate from the anus , in the
case of enlarged prostate.
• Prostatectomy – removal of prostate
• Prostatitis- inflamation of the prostate
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)- occure in
periurethral zone
• Carcinoma of prostate- it occurs in peripheral zone, it
usually occurs at the age of 50 -55 years.

17. THANK YOU