Vladimir Propp identified common character types and narrative functions in Russian folk tales. According to Propp's theory, characters fall into roles like the hero, who embarks on a quest and rescues the oppressed, the villain who opposes the hero, and the donor or dispatcher who provides assistance to the hero. Propp analyzed how these character types drive the narrative structure through their actions.

1. VLADIMIR PROPP’S CHARACTER THEORY
He noticed that many folk tales were similar in a variety of areas. He
identified a theory about characters and actions as narrative functions.
According the Propp, characters have a narrative function; they provide a
structure for the text.

2. THE HERO
› Embarks on a quest, seeks something.
› Saves the oppressed and brings down the villain.
› Commonly falls in love with the rescued.

3. THE VILLAIN
› Opposes or actively blocks the hero’s quest.
› Often tries to harm the princess.

4. THE DONER
› Gives the hero an object or a piece of information that
helps them prepare for what is to come.

5. THE DESPATCHER
› Sends that hero on their mission or quest.

6. THE FALSE HERO
› May appear good but has an ulterior motive, commonly to steal the love of the princess.
› Can attempt to take credit for the hero's actions.
› Can start out good but later betrays the hero.

7. THE HELPER
› Assists the hero with their quest.
› Usually the comic relief.

8. THE PRINCESS
› Needs assistance from the hero, usually because they are in
some form of danger.

9. THE PRINCESS’ FATHER
› Rewards the hero for his efforts, usually with his daughter’s hand in
marriage.
› Can also act as the despatcher.

10. THE STRUGGLE SCENE
› There is a struggle between the hero and the villain.
› The hero fulfils their destiny.
› The villain is defeated.
› The state of disorder is resolved.

11. THE RECOGNITION SCENE
› Stage in the film when the hero is recognised.
OR
› The false hero or villain is unmasked and/or punished.
OR
› The hero gets their reward.