Vladimir Propp analyzed folk tales and identified common character types and narrative functions. According to Propp's theory, characters fulfill specific roles that move the story's plot forward. These roles include the hero, who embarks on a quest to rescue the oppressed; the villain, who opposes the hero; and the donor, who provides assistance to help the hero succeed. Propp also identified roles like the dispatcher, who sends the hero on their mission, and the princess and her father, who need help from the hero.

1. VLADIMIR PROPP’S CHARACTER THEORY
He noticed that often many Folk tales were similar in a variety areas. He
identified a theory about characters and actions as narrative functions.
According the Propp, characters have a narrative function; they provide a
structure for the text.

2. THE HERO
› Embarks on a quest, seeks something.
› Saves the oppressed and brings down the villain.
› Commonly falls in love with the rescued.

3. THE VILLAIN
› Opposes or actively blocks the hero’s quest.
› Often tries to harm the princess.

4. THE DONER
› Gives the hero an object or a piece of information that
helps them prepare for what is to come.

5. THE DESPATCHER
› Sends that hero on their mission or quest.

6. THE FALSE HERO
› May appear good but has an ulterior motive, commonly to steal the love of the princess.
› Can attempt to take credit for the hero's actions.
› Can start out good but later betrays the hero.

7. THE HELPER
› Assists the hero with their quest.
› Usually the comic relief.

8. THE PRINCESS
› Needs assistance from the hero, usually because they are in
some form of danger.

9. THE PRINCESS’ FATHER
› Needs assistance from the hero, usually because they are in
some form of danger.

10. THE STRUGGLE SCENE
› There is a struggle between the hero and the villain.
› The hero fulfils their destiny.
› The villain is defeated.
› The state of disorder is resolved.

11. THE RECOGNITION SCENE
› Stage in the film when the hero is recognised.
OR
› The false hero or villain is unmasked and/or punished.
OR
› The hero gets their reward.