Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation
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Four-dimensional equation of a progressive wave is proposed to express wave-criterion in fourdimensional world. Moreover in this equation a new mechanical operator is obtained.
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![IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 4, Issue 2 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 31-32
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page
Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation
Umasankar Dolai
Assistant Teacher, Dwarigeria Pry. School, Garhbeta south C.L.R.C., Satbankura-721253
Dist.-Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
Abstract: Four-dimensional equation of a progressive wave is proposed to express wave-criterion in four-
dimensional world. Moreover in this equation a new mechanical operator is obtained.
Keywords- Three and Four-Dimensional Wave Criteria, Relativistic Mechanics, Progressive Gravitational
Wave.
I. Introduction
It is already known that three-dimensional equation of a progressive wave is d2
ψ/dx2
+ d2
ψ/dy2
+
d2
ψ/dz2
=1/u2
.d2
ψ/dt2
; where ψ is wave amplitude and u is the velocity of wave. But when a progressive wave
moves in four-dimensional nature, then it can obviously obey four-dimensional wave equation. Here four-
dimensional formulation of a progressive wave can be drawn to deduce the reality of this wave in four-
dimensional world.
II. Formation of Operator-Relation
In four-dimensional generalization, it is written that x1=x, x2=y, x3=z and x4=ict. In terms of
differentials, dx1=dx, dx2=dy, dx3=dz and dx4=icdt. From operator representation, d/dx1=d/dx, d/dx2=d/dy,
d/dx3=d/dz and d/dx4=1/ic.d/dt.Now taking square in both sides, d2
/dx1
2
=d2
/dx2
, d2
/dx2
2
=d2
/dy2
, d2
/dx3
2
=d2
/dz2
and d2
/dx4
2
=1/i2
c2
.d2
/dt2
. By addition, d2
/dx1
2
+ d2
/dx2
2
+ d2
/dx3
2
+ d2
/dx4
2
=d2
/dx2
+ d2
/dy2
+ d2
/dz2
-1/c2
.d2
/dt2
. This
is the desired operator-relation.
III. Foundation of Wave Equation
If the amplitude of a progressive wave is ψ; then multiplying in both sides of above operator-relation
by ψ, it is obtained that d2
ψ/dx1
2
+ d2
ψ/dx2
2
+ d2
ψ/dx3
2
+ d2
ψ/dx4
2
=d2
ψ/dx2
+ d2
ψ/dy2
+ d2
ψ/dz2
-1/c2
.d2
ψ/dt2
. This is
the required wave-relation.
From three-dimensional wave equation, it is written that d2
ψ/dx2
+ d2
ψ/dy2
+ d2
ψ/dz2
=1/u2
.d2
/dt2
or
d2
ψ/dx2
+ d2
ψ/dy2
+ d2
ψ/dz2
-1/u2
.d2
/dt2
=0. In case of light wave, the relation is d2
ψ/dx2
+ d2
ψ/dy2
+ d2
ψ/dz2
-
1/c2
.d2
/dt2
=0; where c is the velocity of light. Thus by putting the above value, the four-dimensional wave
equation is d2
ψ/dx1
2
+ d2
ψ/dx2
2
+ d2
ψ/dx3
2
+ d2
ψ/dx4
2
=0.
IV. Suggestion for New Operator
The above wave equation be considered as the following form: [d2
/dx1
2
+ d2
/dx2
2
+ d2
/dx3
2
+ d2
/dx4
2
]ψ=0.
Let it be assumed that d2
/dx1
2
+ d2
/dx2
2
+ d2
/dx3
2
+ d2
/dx4
2
=◊2
=a new mechanical operator in relativistic
mechanics. So ◊2
ψ=0. This is the modified form of four-dimensional wave equation of a progressive wave.
V. Conclusion
In course of discussion, it is discussed that the progressive wave which moves with a velocity equals to
the velocity of light can obey the above wave equation. In this respect, gravitational wave is mentioned here.
According to general relativity, gravitational energy is carried by gravitational waves. These waves move with
the velocity of light. Thus the wave equation of a progressive gravitational wave is ◊2
ψ=0. This relation can
express the reality of progressive gravitational waves.
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank Prof. Sriranjan Banerji and Prof. Asit Banerjee, Department of Physics, Jadavpur
University for their book ‘The Special Theory of Relativity’. I indebt to thank Shree Gouri Sankar Dolai, student
of Higher Secondary School for his help to type this paper. I also like to thank Mr. Koushik Dhara, Teacher of
Computer Science for his inspiration to write this type of article by me.
Submitted Date 19 June 2013 Accepted Date: 24 June 2013](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/d0423232-150425020437-conversion-gate02/85/Proposal-of-New-Operator-in-Four-Dimensional-Wave-Equation-1-320.jpg)
![Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation
www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page
REFERENCES
[1] R. Resnick, Introduction to special Relativity (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1989).
[2] H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics (Narosa, New Delhi, 1998).
[3] C. Moller, The Theory of Relativity (Oxford University Press, 1972).
[4] P. G. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, 1969).
[5] S. N. Ghoshal, Introductory Quantum Mechanics (Calcutta Book House, Reprint-2011).](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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This document discusses wave propagation in non-homogeneous viscoelastic plates. It begins by introducing the problem of shear waves in linear non-homogeneous viscoelastic infinite and finite plates. The document then formulates the problem and basic equations by applying Laplace transforms and the WKBJ method. Numerical results are obtained for the instantaneous shearing traction applied uniformly at the boundary of an infinite plate and the outer boundary of a finite plate. Finally, the document concludes by comparing approximate solutions for displacements and stresses between non-homogeneous and homogeneous viscoelastic plates at various times.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
An Introductory Comment on Wave Relativity
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Time Evolution of Density Parameters for Matter and Dark Energy and their Int...
In the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, the first part of the present study determines the time dependence of BD parameter, energy density and Equation of State (EoS) parameter of the cosmic fluid in a universe expanding with acceleration, preceded by a phase of deceleration. For this purpose, a scale factor has been so chosen that the deceleration parameter, obtained from it, shows a signature flip with time. Considering the dark energy to be responsible for the entire pressure, the time evolution of energy parameters for matter and dark energy and the EoS parameter for dark energy have been determined. A model for an effective interaction term, between matter and dark energy, has been proposed and calculated. Its negative value at the present time indicates conversion of matter into dark energy. Using this term, the time dependence of the rates of change of matter and dark energy has been determined. It is found that the nature of dependence of the scalar field upon the scale factor plays a very important role in governing the time evolution of the cosmological quantities studied here. The present study provides us with a simple way to determine the time evolution of dark energy for a homogeneous and isotropic universe of zero spatial curvature, without involving any self-interaction potential or cosmological constant in the formulation.
Bianchi type i wet dark universe in bimetric relativity
This academic article summarizes a document investigating the role of Wet Dark Fluid in a Bianchi Type-I cosmological model within the framework of bimetric theory of relativity. The document proposes a new equation of state for dark energy known as Wet Dark Fluid and uses it to study a Bianchi Type-I universe model in bimetric relativity. It is concluded that the Bianchi Type-I model in bimetric relativity does not accommodate Wet Dark Fluid, as both the Wet Dark Fluid energy density and metric terms are found to be identically zero, resulting in only a vacuum solution.
Natural frequencies of magnetoelastic longitudinal wave propagation
This document summarizes research on the natural frequencies of longitudinal wave propagation in an orthotropic circular cylinder permeated by a magnetic field. It begins by introducing the topic and providing background. It then presents the basic equations that govern magnetoelastic wave propagation. Specifically, it outlines the equations of motion for an elastic solid in a magnetic field, including the Lorentz force term. It also presents Maxwell's equations in the quasi-static approximation. The document derives a frequency equation for this problem and describes numerically solving for the natural frequencies of the first three modes for different material properties and cylinder geometries.
The Equation Based on the Rotational and Orbital Motion of the Planets
Equations of dependence of rotational and orbital motions of planets are given, their rotation angles are calculated. Wave principles of direct and reverse rotation of planets are established. The established dependencies are demonstrated at different scale levels of structural interactions, in biosystems as well. The accuracy of calculations corresponds to the accuracy of experimental data
Tugas Pelangi
The document discusses the phenomenon of rainbows from a mathematical perspective using calculus. It begins with an introduction to rainbows and the optical phenomena involved - refraction, reflection and dispersion of light. It then provides explanations of these phenomena using principles of calculus, such as minimum and maximum values. This allows rainbows to be analyzed more deeply using calculus concepts. The document also includes data on the wavelength and refractive index of different colors that make up a rainbow.
Propagation of Love Waves Through an Irregular Surface Layer in the Presence ...
Love waves are surface seismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of earth during the earthquake. The particle motion of Love waves forms a horizontal line perpendicular to direction of propagation. The effect of irregularities present in the surface layer has been discussed in the present paper. The irregularity is in the form of a finite rigid barrier in the surface layer. The surface layer has been assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and slightly dissipative. The reflected, transmitted and scattered waves have been obtained by Fourier transformations and Wiener-Hopf technique. The numerical computation has been done by taking the barriers of different sizes. The amplitude of the scattered and the reflected waves has been plotted against the wave number. The scattered waves behave as decaying cylindrical waves at distant points. The amplitude of the scattered waves falls off very rapidly as the wave number increases slowly. The amplitude of the reflected Love waves decreases rapidly with the wave number and ultimately becomes saturated which shows that the reflected love waves take a very long time to dissipate making these the most destructive waves during the earthquake.
Quantum%20Physics.pptx
The document discusses the Compton effect, which describes the scattering of high frequency electromagnetic radiation (x-rays or gamma rays) when interacting with matter. When radiation scatters off of electrons in an atom, the radiation wavelength increases. This is because some of the radiation's energy is transferred to the electron. The Compton effect can be explained using conservation of energy and momentum. It demonstrated that the difference between the scattered and incident wavelengths is directly proportional to the energy and momentum transfers during collision.
Quantization of the Orbital Motion of a Mass In The Presence Of Einstein’s Gr...
This document presents a theoretical model to explain the quantized nature of planetary orbits around the sun based on Einstein's general theory of relativity. It derives expressions for the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a unit mass moving in the curved spacetime around a massive body. Using these, it writes a Schrodinger-like quantum equation that includes variation of the wavefunction with respect to a curve parameter representing spacetime curvature. The solutions reveal the quantized energy levels and orbits determined by quantum numbers. When applied to planetary orbits, the model estimates distances from the sun in good agreement with observed values.
Soil dyn __3 corr
This document discusses wave propagation in soils and geologic materials. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, which include waves in unbounded media, waves in a semi-infinite body like the Earth's surface, and waves in layered bodies. For unbounded media, it derives the one-dimensional and three-dimensional wave equations and solves them for different wave types. It also examines Rayleigh and Love waves that propagate along the surface of a semi-infinite solid. The goal is to describe dynamic soil response in terms of wave propagation.
Gelombang mekanik
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Orbi theoryeng
1) The document proposes a theory called "Orbi Theory" which suggests that dark energy is proportional to integer powers of distance. It derives this from multiplying both sides of the equation of motion by height.
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Strong Nuclear Force and Quantum Vacuum as Theory of Everything (NETWORK EQUI...
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One dimensional box
This document discusses the Schrodinger wave equation and its application to modeling a particle in a one-dimensional box. It introduces the history and derivation of the Schrodinger equation, then applies it to solve for the energy and wave functions of a particle confined to a box. The energy is found to be quantized and depend on an integer quantum number. Graphs of the wave functions and probability densities are presented.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
senior ppt.pptx
The document discusses the uncertainty principle proposed by Werner Heisenberg in 1927. It explains that in the quantum world, one cannot measure a particle's properties like position and momentum simultaneously with perfect precision due to unavoidable uncertainty introduced during measurement. This uncertainty is inherent in nature and not due to limitations of measurement techniques. The document then derives and proves the mathematical relations for position-momentum, energy-time, and angular momentum-angle uncertainty principles. It also lists some applications of the uncertainty principle like explaining the non-existence of electrons within atomic nuclei.
Strong Nuclear Force and Quantum Vacuum (TRANSITION)
This document proposes a new theory called the Superconducting String Theory (SST) to explain gravity. The theory postulates that:
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2) Strings in the universe are extremely tense and can conduct matter infinitely.
3) The strong nuclear force, carried by gluons, causes the strings to bend, generating an attractive force similar to gravity between masses. More mass results in more bending of the strings and a greater attractive force.
4) Under this theory, gravity is not a fundamental force itself but emerges from the interaction of the strong nuclear force with the superconducting strings of the universe. Some
Problem for the gravitational field
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
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The Equation Based on the Rotational and Orbital Motion of the Planets
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Propagation of Love Waves Through an Irregular Surface Layer in the Presence ...
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Quantization of the Orbital Motion of a Mass In The Presence Of Einstein’s Gr...
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This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
M0111397100
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
L011138596
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
K011138084
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
J011137479
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
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I011136673
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
G011134454
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
H011135565
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
F011134043
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
E011133639
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
D011132635
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
C011131925
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
B011130918
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
A011130108
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
I011125160
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
H011124050
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
G011123539
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
F011123134
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
E011122530
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
D011121524
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingEquivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
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Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation
- 1. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 4, Issue 2 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 31-32 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation Umasankar Dolai Assistant Teacher, Dwarigeria Pry. School, Garhbeta south C.L.R.C., Satbankura-721253 Dist.-Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India Abstract: Four-dimensional equation of a progressive wave is proposed to express wave-criterion in four- dimensional world. Moreover in this equation a new mechanical operator is obtained. Keywords- Three and Four-Dimensional Wave Criteria, Relativistic Mechanics, Progressive Gravitational Wave. I. Introduction It is already known that three-dimensional equation of a progressive wave is d2 ψ/dx2 + d2 ψ/dy2 + d2 ψ/dz2 =1/u2 .d2 ψ/dt2 ; where ψ is wave amplitude and u is the velocity of wave. But when a progressive wave moves in four-dimensional nature, then it can obviously obey four-dimensional wave equation. Here four- dimensional formulation of a progressive wave can be drawn to deduce the reality of this wave in four- dimensional world. II. Formation of Operator-Relation In four-dimensional generalization, it is written that x1=x, x2=y, x3=z and x4=ict. In terms of differentials, dx1=dx, dx2=dy, dx3=dz and dx4=icdt. From operator representation, d/dx1=d/dx, d/dx2=d/dy, d/dx3=d/dz and d/dx4=1/ic.d/dt.Now taking square in both sides, d2 /dx1 2 =d2 /dx2 , d2 /dx2 2 =d2 /dy2 , d2 /dx3 2 =d2 /dz2 and d2 /dx4 2 =1/i2 c2 .d2 /dt2 . By addition, d2 /dx1 2 + d2 /dx2 2 + d2 /dx3 2 + d2 /dx4 2 =d2 /dx2 + d2 /dy2 + d2 /dz2 -1/c2 .d2 /dt2 . This is the desired operator-relation. III. Foundation of Wave Equation If the amplitude of a progressive wave is ψ; then multiplying in both sides of above operator-relation by ψ, it is obtained that d2 ψ/dx1 2 + d2 ψ/dx2 2 + d2 ψ/dx3 2 + d2 ψ/dx4 2 =d2 ψ/dx2 + d2 ψ/dy2 + d2 ψ/dz2 -1/c2 .d2 ψ/dt2 . This is the required wave-relation. From three-dimensional wave equation, it is written that d2 ψ/dx2 + d2 ψ/dy2 + d2 ψ/dz2 =1/u2 .d2 /dt2 or d2 ψ/dx2 + d2 ψ/dy2 + d2 ψ/dz2 -1/u2 .d2 /dt2 =0. In case of light wave, the relation is d2 ψ/dx2 + d2 ψ/dy2 + d2 ψ/dz2 - 1/c2 .d2 /dt2 =0; where c is the velocity of light. Thus by putting the above value, the four-dimensional wave equation is d2 ψ/dx1 2 + d2 ψ/dx2 2 + d2 ψ/dx3 2 + d2 ψ/dx4 2 =0. IV. Suggestion for New Operator The above wave equation be considered as the following form: [d2 /dx1 2 + d2 /dx2 2 + d2 /dx3 2 + d2 /dx4 2 ]ψ=0. Let it be assumed that d2 /dx1 2 + d2 /dx2 2 + d2 /dx3 2 + d2 /dx4 2 =◊2 =a new mechanical operator in relativistic mechanics. So ◊2 ψ=0. This is the modified form of four-dimensional wave equation of a progressive wave. V. Conclusion In course of discussion, it is discussed that the progressive wave which moves with a velocity equals to the velocity of light can obey the above wave equation. In this respect, gravitational wave is mentioned here. According to general relativity, gravitational energy is carried by gravitational waves. These waves move with the velocity of light. Thus the wave equation of a progressive gravitational wave is ◊2 ψ=0. This relation can express the reality of progressive gravitational waves. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Prof. Sriranjan Banerji and Prof. Asit Banerjee, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University for their book ‘The Special Theory of Relativity’. I indebt to thank Shree Gouri Sankar Dolai, student of Higher Secondary School for his help to type this paper. I also like to thank Mr. Koushik Dhara, Teacher of Computer Science for his inspiration to write this type of article by me. Submitted Date 19 June 2013 Accepted Date: 24 June 2013
- 2. Proposal of New Operator in Four-Dimensional Wave Equation www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page REFERENCES [1] R. Resnick, Introduction to special Relativity (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1989). [2] H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics (Narosa, New Delhi, 1998). [3] C. Moller, The Theory of Relativity (Oxford University Press, 1972). [4] P. G. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, 1969). [5] S. N. Ghoshal, Introductory Quantum Mechanics (Calcutta Book House, Reprint-2011).