science 8 quarter 3 lesson

2. Properties of
Solids Based on
the Particle
Nature of Matter
- Ms. Camz

3. Activity 1. Particle Moves
Materials: stone (about the size of a ping pong ball),
drinking glass, pail
Objectives:
1. infer from observations that particles of solid moves;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what is between
particles of solid; and
3. explain the properties of solid based on the particle
nature of matter.

4. Procedures:
1. Drop a stone into a drinking glass
carefully. Observe what happens to the
shape and size of the stone.
2. This time transfer the stone to a pail.
Observe what happens to the shape and
size of the stone.

5. - A state of matter that has a definite shape and
volume
- incompressible
- particles of solid are packed close to each other
and vibrate a little but in a fixed position
- locked in place by particles around it
- do not move fast enough because of the attraction
between them

7. What is a theory?
• a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of
the natural world;
• an organized system of accepted knowledge that
applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a
specific set of phenomena;
• "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested
hypotheses"

8. "If I have seen
further it is by
standing on
the shoulders
of Giants."
---Isaac Newton

9. Early Theories
Democritus: 4 B.C.: “atom”
Believed there were 4 elements:
Fire, Air, Water, Earth
“atoms have a particle that surrounds them but
had no concrete size and shape”.
- Leucippus and Democritus

10. Knieram (1995-
2013), also
believed that
“atoms are
physical in nature
but had no shape
at all”.

11. >All elements composed of tiny particles
called atoms
>Atoms of same element are identical;
atoms of different elements are different
>Atoms of different elements can physically
mix together or chemically combine to form
compounds
>Chemical reactions cannot change atoms
of one type of element to another
Dalton: 1766-1844

12. • John Dalton’s concept on matter
that it is made up of tiny particles
called atoms.
• The particles of matter are always
moving.
• These particles have spaces
between them.
• The particles of matter attract each
other.

13. Thomson: 1856-1940
>discovered electrons in 1897
>used a cathode ray tube
>the ray produced was deflected by an electrical field
(showed that atoms had particles with (-) charge)

14. Activity 2. Question and
Answer
1. What happen to the size and shape of a solid if you
put it from one container to another?
2. What can you say about the microscopic behavior of
the particles of solid?
3. How are the particles of solid arranged?

15. Let’s use these materials:
old newspaper or used paper (for
making small balls like the size of
a ping pong ball, one shoe box,
masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water.

16. Let’s do it this way:.
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it into a
size of a ping pong ball. Make as many balls as you
can that would fit into the shoe box. Secure the paper
balls by wrapping them with masking tape.
2. If the box is filled up with paper balls make sure that
you compress them. Now, try to hold the box upside
down, but do not shake it.
3. Cover the open part of the box with transparent
plastic cover. Secure the cover with the masking tape.

18. Objectives:
1. infer from observations that particles of liquid move;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what is
between particles of liquid; &
3. explain the properties of liquids based on the
particle nature of matter

19. Activity 1. Liquid Particle
Move
Materials: soft drink, drinking glass, pail
1. Carefully pour the soft drink into an
empty drinking glass. Observe the
flow of the soft drink.
2. This time pour the soft drink to a pail.
Observe what happens.

20. - state of matter that has a definite volume
andtakes the shape of its container
- move fast enough to overcome some of
the attraction between them
- slide fast each other until the liquid
particles takes the shape of its
container
- surface tension

21. It is a kind of force that acts on the
particles at the surface of a liquid. It is a force
that causes some liquids to form spherical
drops like the beads of water. Different liquids
have different surface tensions.

23. Activity 2. Question and Answer
1.Describe a liquid in terms of shape and volume.
2. Use the image below to answer the question that follow:
a. Identify the state of matter in the box.
b. Discuss how particles in the box are attracted to each other.
3. Explain the properties of liquids based on the particle nature of matter.

24. Let’s use these materials:
old newspaper or used paper (for
making small balls like the size of a
ping pong ball, one shoe box,
masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water.

25. Let’s do it this way:
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it
into a size of a ping pong ball. Make enough
paper balls that would fit into the shoe box but
are free to move. Secure the paper balls by
wrapping them with masking tape.
2. Now, try to hold the box upside down, but do not
shakeit.
3. Cover the open part of the box with transparent
plastic cover. Secure the cover with masking
tape.

26. Guide Questions:
1. Try to hold the box upside down.
What happens to the paper balls?
2. How do the paper balls move when the box is
gently turned upside down?
3. Do the paper balls take the shape of the shoe
box? Relate the arrangement/behavior of the
paper balls to the particles of liquid.

27. Properties of
Gases Based on
the Particle
Nature of Matter

28. Objectives:
1. infer from observations that particles of
gases move;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what
is between particles of gases; and
3. explain the properties of gases based on the
particle nature of matter

29. Activity 1. Are the particles of matter
moving?
Materials: balloon, rubber band
Procedures:
1. Inflate the balloon. Make sure the balloon will not burst.
2. Tie the other end of the balloon tightly with a rubber band.
3. This time press the inflated balloon with your hands.

30. Compare what you felt when you pressed the inflated balloon (with
air) and the deflated balloon (without air/less air). You may represent
your comparison through illustrations of air particles in an inflated balloon
and in a deflated balloon.
Inflated balloon Deflated balloon

31. - state of matter that has no definite shape
nor volume
- move very quick and fast so that they can
break away completely from one another
- low attraction between particles
- position of empty space between gas
particles is not fixed

32. Activity 2. Question and
Answer
1. Describe gas in terms of shape and volume.
2. Use the image below to answer the question that follow:
a. Identify the state of matter in the box.
b. Discuss how particles in the box are attracted to each
other.
3. Explain the properties of gas based on the particle nature of
matter.

33. Activity 3. Constructing Gas
Models
Let’s use these materials:
old newspaper or used paper (for
making small balls like the size of a
ping pong ball, one shoe box,
masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water

34. Let’s do it this way:
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it into a
size of a ping pong ball. Make only 6 pieces of
paper balls and put them inside the shoe box.
Secure the paper balls by wrapping them with a
masking tape.
2. Now, try to hold the box upside down, but do not
shake it.
3. Distribute them uniformly in the box. Use masking
tape to secure the paper balls.
4. Now, try to hold the box upside down.

35. • Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
• Atoms are smallest particles of every matter.
• Molecules are atoms bonded together.
• State of matter is the physical forms in which a substance can exist.
• Shape is the external form or appearance of an object.
• Volume is the measure of how much space an object takes up.
• Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a
liquid.
• Viscosity is the measure of how much space of an object takes up.

38. 1. Which statement is TRUE about the aspects of
the particle model of matter?
A. Matter is made up of bigger particles.
B. Particles of matter are not moving all the time.
C. Particles of matter do not attract each other.
D. Particles of matter have spaces between them.

39. 2. The following are the changes that happen when
the orange juice is poured from a can into a glass of
water, EXCEPT one.
A. The same color of the orange juice.
B. The same shape of the orange juice.
C. The same taste of the orange juice.
D. The same volume of the orange juice.

40. 3. What happens to shape and size of the stone if
you put it in a smaller container?
A. A stone keeps its original shape and volume.
B. A stone keeps its original shape but not its
volume.
C. A stone keeps its original volume but not its
shape.
D. A stone changes its original volume and its
shape.

41. 4. Why many balloons can be filled from one small tank
of helium?
A. Because the particles of helium gas in a balloon is
locked in.
B. Because the particles of helium gas in a balloon are
far apart.
C. Because the particles of helium gas in a balloon are
slightly apart.
D. Because the particles of helium gas in a balloon are
very closed to each other.

42. 5. When you poured the honey to a tablespoon
it flows easily, what happens to the particles of
honey?
A. The particles slide past one another.
B. The particles close together and vibrate.
C. The particles are moving far apart and
independent of one another.
D. The particles are locked in place and vibrate
independently to each other.

43. 6. Imagine inflating a balloon. Would anything happen to
the shape and size of the balloon? Which of the
following statements support the correct idea?
A. Only its shape increases.
B. Only its volume increases.
C. The shape of the balloon increases and also its
volume.
D. Only the shape of the balloon increases and nothing
happens to its volume.

44. 7. Why the cooking oil takes the shape of the container
but the ball does not?
A. Because the ball is a liquid that has a definite volume
only.
B. Because the ball is a solid that has a definite shape
and volume.
C. Because the cooking oil has a definite volume but
does not take the shape of the container.
D. Because the cooking oil is a liquid that has a definite
volume but takes the shape of the container.

45. 8. How would you explain the images of the solid
particles below?
A. Unnoticeable space between particles.
B. There are lots of free spaces between them.
C. There’s only little free space between them.
D. Particles can move fast one another at the same
time.

46. 9. How would you explain the distances of liquid
particles?
A. There’s only little free space between them.
B. There’s unnoticeable space between particles.
C. There are lots of free spaces between them.
D. Particles are kept on moving at any direction
from one place to another.

47. 10. One property of the microscopic behavior of
matter is its ability of the particles to move. Rank
solid, liquid and gas in order of the particle speed
from highest to lowest.
A. Gas -----Solid -----Liquid
B. Solid ----Gas ----- Liquid
C. Gas -----Liquid ----- Solid
D. Liquid ---Gas ------- Solid