matter in our surrounding

1. INTRODUCTION
We see lots of things around us that are made up of different kinds of materials. Sometimes
it becomes difficult to sperate these objects from one another for further study. Therefore, these
objects should be classified based on some specific criterion. Everything or every other object is
made up of matter.
Matter is something that occupies space and has volume . Some examples of matter are ,
water bottle, pen, air, cell.

2. Classification of
Matter
 Matter is classified on their structure or the properties they posses, in the
following way.
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
5. BCE (Bose-Einstein Condensate)

3.  We all are aware of the basic three types of matter, which are Solids, Liquids
and Gas.
 Plasma is the type of matter which is formed when the temperature is
increased to its maximum, ex: Neon bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, tube lights.
 BCE was given by Satyendra Nath Bose (Bose) and Albert Einstein (Einstein)
and they were called it a different kind of matter. This matter can be
achieved when the temperature is reduced to its minimum

4. Solids
1. The type of matter in which
the particles are closely are
said to be solids.
2. As the particles of solid are
compactly packed the space
between them is least.
3. It becomes difficult to destroy
a solid without applying any
external force.
4. Solids have definite shape as
well as definite volume.
5. Examples of solids are book,
desk, pencil etc.

5. Liquids
1. The type of matter which
have indefinite shape but
definite volume is called as
liquid.
2. The particles of liquid have
space between them.
3. The force of attraction of
particles in liquid is
moderate.
4. As the liquid do not have a
definite shape, it ca take the
shape of any container or the
object in which it is stored.

6. Gas
1. The type of matter which do
not have definite shape and
definite volume is called as
Gas.
2. The particles of gas move
randomly in the free spaces.
3. The force pf attraction
between the particles will
be least.
4. The space between the
particles will be maximum.

7.  Latent Heat
• The heat that is hidden while there is a change in the phase
 Latent Heat of Fusion
• This kind of heat can be observed when there is a phase change
taking place in between solid to liquid
• If 1 KG of liquid is considered then the heat required to completely
change the particular solid into liquid is called as latent heat of
fusion.

8.  Latent heat of vaporization
• If 1 KG of liquid is considered then the total amount of heat required
to convert the particular liquid into gaseous state. This means there
will be a process of condensation taking place in between liquid and
gas, for example we can consider that after heating water it will
change the phase from liquid to gas.