1. The document describes English consonant sounds that are either voiceless or voiced. It provides examples of consonants such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, /f/, etc and their voiced counterparts /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, etc. 2. It focuses on the pronunciation of /s/ and /z/ sounds, providing rules for their spelling and examples to demonstrate the difference. 3. It also discusses the pronunciation of word endings like "-s", "-es" and "'s" and whether they are pronounced /s/ or /z/ depending on the preceding sound. Exercises are provided to practice these rules.

1. ENGLISH CONSONANTAL SOUNDS
VOICELESS VOICED
/p/ pin /b/ bin
/t/ ten /d/ do
/k/ clock /g/ gone
/s/ some, peace /z/ zoo, cousin
/f/ fan /v/ very
/θ/ think /ð/ they
/ʃ/ she, sugar /ʒ / television
/tʃ/ chocolate /dʒ/ gin, fridge, job
/m/ me
/n/ no
/ŋ/ sing
/j/ you
/w/ well
/h/ hello
/l/ love
/r/ red
1. Pronunciation of /s/ and /z/
/s/

2. Usual spellings
s – see, smile, hopes
ss –class, necessary
c before <i, e, y> -city, face Other spellings
sc before <i, e > -science, scene se after vowel -house, case
se after consonant –false, course x= / ks/-six, taxi
/z/
Usual spellings
z - zoo, crazy, quiz Other spellings
zz - buzz, fuzzy s -is, was, has, his, always
s between vowels -easy, reason, music ism -realism, journalism
se after vowel – these, cause, use
-s-es ending -- plays, goes, comes, girl´s Exceptions: dessert, scissors, posses, dissolves
 PRACTICE 1
1- Read the following pairs
/s/ /z/
I visited Sue I visited de zoo
They are racing horses They are raising horses
It´s a nice place to go He plays well.
I think they are false I think they´re falls
Do you have any plants? Do you have any plans?
 Remember
1. /s-/ at the beginning of words is not pronounce/es-/
2. You have to pronounce the final /-s/
 PRACTICE 2
2- Read the following sentences.
1- He sleeps a lot. 3- He´s studying French. 5- He is Spanish.
2- He studies French. 4- She speaks English. 6- She is form Spain
2. Pronunciation of the final “–S -ES ´S”
We add: -S -ES -´S
1. To nouns, to form the plural: House / houses; Cat / Cats

3. 2. To form the possessive case This is the teacher´s bag.
3. To verbs, for the 3rd person singular of the Present Simple
I talk / he talks; I play / she plays; I watch / he watches
 PRONUNCIATION
1. /IZ/ (1 syllable is added)
-After sounds /s, z, tʃ , ʃ, ks, dʒ, ʒ/
(Después de los sonidos)
-Spelt :
(Que se escriben)
s,ss kiss........../s/.........kisses ............../IZ/
James ....../s/.........James´ ............/IZ/
z,zz buzz......../z/ ........ buzzes ............/IZ/
sh,ch, tch wash......./ʃ/ ........washes
march...../tʃ/ .........marches ........./IZ/
watch ...../tʃ/ ........ watches
x box ......./ks/ ........boxes ........./IZ/
se, ze, ce lose......../s/...........loses
size ......./z/ ......... sizes ........../IZ/
dance ..../z/...........dances
ge language /dʒ/.........languages......./IZ/
2. /s/ or /z/ in all other cases
 “-s, -es, ´s” = /s/ after voiceless consonants /p, t, k, f, θ/
Stop ..../Stop/........Stops....../s/
Start ..../t/.................starts....../s/

4. Think ..../k/...............thinks....../s/
Arrive ../f/.................arrives....../s/
Maths.../ θ /.................Maths..../s/
 “-s, -es, ´s” = /z/
after voiced consonants /b, d, g, v, m, n, l, ŋ, ð/
and all vowels
stay......./stei/ ......stays ......./steiz/
animal.................animals ..../z/
animal.................dogs ........./z/
 Attention!! “e” silent except in cases listed in 1.
Take....takes.....takes....../teiks/
Smile....smiles....smiles..../smails/
Mike....Mike´s....Mike´s..../Maiks/
Study....studies....studies..../stadis/
ride.......rides.......rides....../raids/
magazine....magazines......magazines....../m g zinz/
Exercises
1. Cross out the “e” in the –es endings when it is not pronounced
1. Gloves 5. Tomatoes 9. Completes
2. Watches 6. Exercises 10. Cigarretes
3. Knives 7. Tomatoes
4. Pages 8. Practices

5. 2. Add a syllable. Read the questions
1. How many sentences did you write? 5. How many sandwiches did you eat?
2. How many exercises did you do? 6. How many cigarretes did he smoke?
3. How many surprises did you receive? 7. How many pairs of glasses have you
got?
4. How many languages do you speak?
3. Write the plural of the nouns and third person singular of the verbs.
Write /IZ/ next to the words that add one syllable. Croos out the “e”
when it is not pronounced.
1. Word 5. Arrive 9. Minute
2. Ask 6. Science 10. Go
3. Answer 7. Dress 11. Do
4. Go 8. Talk 12. Time
4. Read the text
The phone rings: It´s one of Liza´s friends. She invites her to a party. She decides to go.
She needs a dress. It´s terrible!! All her clothes are dirty. Actually, she hates doing the
laundry. But she takes all the clothes and washes them. She has to iron the dress also
and she does it. She goes to the party. She enjoys herself and comes back very late.