This document provides a lesson on pronunciation, specifically the sounds /ʌ/ and /a:/. It includes examples of words containing each sound and sentences for students to practice identifying the sounds. It also discusses the use of gerunds and infinitives, providing rules and examples to distinguish between using an "-ing" form or "to+verb" construction. Exercises are included for students to practice filling in blanks with the correct verb form. The document aims to help students improve their pronunciation and understanding of grammar structures in English.

3. Warm-up: Listen and underline one
suitable word for each blank
You're my everything
The ...............son/sun that shines ...........above/about you
makes the bluebirds sing.
The ............starts/stars that twinkle way on/up in the sky
Tell me I'm in love.
When I kiss your lips.
I feel the rolling ..........runner/hunter/thunder to my
finger tips.
And all the while my head is in a spin.
Deep within, I'm in love.

4. Part I: Pronunciation
/ ʌ / - / a: /
/ ʌ /
Study
Subject
Cousin
Love
Wonderful
/ a: /
far
father
marvelous
target
guitar

5. Short vowel: / ʌ /
Thường xuất hiện trong các từ có cách viết:
“o/u/oo”
+"o“: Some /s m/, Dʌ ove /d v/, Amʌ ong /ə m ŋ/, Wˈ ʌ onder/
w ndər/, Nˈ ʌ othing / nˈ ʌθ ŋ/ɪ
- "u“ + phụ âm: Cut /k t/, Hug /h g/, Gun /g n/ʌ ʌ ʌ
uneasy / n i z /,ʌ ˈ ː ɪ unhappy / n hæp /,ʌ ˈ ɪ umbrella / m brelə/ʌ ˈ
- "oo": blood /bl d/ʌ , flood /fl d/ʌ ,
- "ou“ + một/hai phụ âm: country/ k ntri/ˈ ʌ ,
couple /'k pl/ʌ , cousin /'k zn/ʌ , trouble /'tr bl/ʌ

6. Long vowel: /a:/
Thường xuất hiện trong các từ có cách viết:
a/ar/ua/au/ea
Father /'f ðər/, Bɑː ar /b r/, Gɑː uard /g rd/,ɑː
Aunt / nt/,, hɑː eart /h t/ɑː
He carved a large heart in the bark.
/hi c rvd ə l rd h rt n ðə b rk/ɑː ɑː ʒ ɑː ɪ ɑː

7. Practise these sentences and underline the
sounds /ʌ/ and /a:/
1. I love my school very much.
2. I think my cousin is lovely.
3. Last month I took Sunny out for lunch.
4. They are dancing under the stars.
5. Martha and Charles are dancing in the dark.
6. Let’s have lunch in the garden.
/ a: /
/ ʌ // ʌ /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ ʌ / / a: /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ ʌ /
/ a: /
/ a: /
/ a: /

8. Group work :Let’s watch a video and write
down all the sentences to appear in it.

9. Sentences in the video clip
1. I want to break free.
2. I got to break free.
3. I just want to feel real love.
4. I need to feel real love.
5. Hate to turn up out the blue uninvited.
6. We reguged to run.
7. But I ain’t keen on living either.
8. I don’t mind spending everyday.
9. Today I don’t feel like doing anything.

10. PART 2: Gerund and to infinitive
To infinitive (to verb)
+ As subject:
Ex: To become a famous
singer is her dream.
To live independent ly is
important
+ As complement
Ex : What I like is to
swim in the sea and
then to lie on the sand.
Gerund (Ving)
+ As subject:
Ex: Swimming is my
favourite sport.
Chatting on Facebook is
popular among the youth.
+ As complement
Ex : My hobby
is collecting stamps.

11. Gerund and to infinitive
To infinive
• + As Object after the
majotity of verbs such as :
afford/agree/appear/arrange/ a
sk/ decide/ expect/fail....
Ex: We decided to take a taxi
home
He asked me to finish that
work.
He failed to cook Italian food.
Gerund
+ As Object after some verbs
such as: love/like/enjoy,
delay/postponse/start/finish,
suggest/avoid/deny
Ex: I enjoy traveling.
They delayed building the house.
Come at 7.00 to avoid being
stuck in a traffic jam.
+ After prepositions: on/in/by...
She is interested in singing.
Just go on trying harder.

12. Gerund and to infinitive
To infinitive
+ To show the purpose:
He learned hard to pass the
exam .
In order to earn money, they
have to work all day.
Noone comes to avoid
traffic jam.
Gerund
• + After some phrases
such as: It is no use: không có
ích / It is no good/ have difficulty /
trouble: gặp khó khăn/trở
ngại/ can’t help: không thể
không /can’t stand / can’t bear:
không chịu đựng nổi
Ex: It is no good asking him to go.
I can’t help laughing.
She has trouble using computer.

13. + Nhớ / quên / nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá
khứ) :
NOTE:
REMEMBER/FORGET / REGRET
remember / forget / regret + V-ing
remember / forget / regret + to-inf
+ Nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong
tương lai) : Ex2: I remember to send the letter.
Ex3: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I remember meeting you some where but I can’t
know your name.

14. Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his
health.
Ex: On the way home, I stopped at the post office to
buy a newspaper.
D. CHANGE MEANING
STOP
stop + V-ing : Dừng hẳn việc gì
stop + to-inf : Dừng ….. để làm
việc khác

15. Ex: The room is hot. I try opening the window.
D. CHANGE MEANING
 TRY
try + to-inf : cố gắng
try + V-ing : thử
Ex: I'm trying to learn English.

16. Exercise 1: Fill each blank with an -ing or to + infinitive
form of the verbs in brackets.
Dear Lisa,
I have been expecting (I) (hear) from yon. I hope you are OK.
I'm busy, bill happy.
Last night I went to a party at one of my classmates’ home. I
was really nervous. You know how I usually avoid (2) (go) to
parties because I have trouble (3) (remember) people's
names. Well, last night things were different. Before the party,
I read a book about improving memory. I practised (4) (do)
some of the memory exercises. They really helped. As a
result. I stopped (5) (worry) about what people think about me
and I tried (6) (pay) attention to what people were saving. And
guess what? I had a good time!
I'm even planning (7) (go) dancing with a guy from my class.
Why don't you consider (8) visiting me? I really miss (9) (see)
you. Please write. I always enjoy (10) (hear) from you.
Best wishes.

17. Exercise 1: Fill each blank with an -ing or to + infinitive
form of the verbs in brackets.
Dear Lisa,
I have been expecting (I) to hear from yon. I hope you are OK.
I'm busy, bill happy.
Last night I went to a party at one of my classmates’ home. I
was really nervous. You know how I usually avoid (2) going to
parties because I have trouble (3) remembering people's
names. Well, last night things were different. Before the party,
I read a book about improving memory. I practised (4) doing
some of the memory exercises. They really helped. As a
result. I stopped (5) worrying about what people think about
me and I tried (6) to pay attention to what people were saving.
And guess what? I had a good time!
I'm even planning (7) to go dancing with a guy from my class.
Why don't you consider (8) visiting me? I really miss (9)
seeing you. Please write. I always enjoy (10) hearing from
you.
Best wishes.

18. Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences, using
an -ing or to + infinitive form of the verbs in the box.
1.It was a nice day. so we decided .......for a walk.
2.I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind................
3.They were hungry, so she suggested ............dinner early
4.I’m still looking for a job but I hope ............something soon.
5.We must do something. We can’t go on ........... like this.
6.Could you please stop ........ so much noise?
7.Our neighbor threatened ..........the police if we don’t stop the
noise
8.Lan was in a difficult situation, so I agreed ........her some
money.
9.Suddenly, everybody stopped ...........
10.Don’t forget ..............the leller I gave you.

19. Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences, using
an -ing or to + infinitive form of the verbs in the box.
1.It was a nice day. so we decided to go for a walk.
2.I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind waiting.
3.They were hungry, so she suggested having dinner
early
4.I’m still looking for a job but I hope to find something soon.
5.We must do something. We can’t go on living like this.
6.Could you please stop making so much noise?
7.Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we don’t stop the
noise
8.Lan was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to lend her some
money.
9.Suddenly, everybody stopped talking.
10.Don’t forget to post the leller I gave you.

20. Homework
1. Learn by heart the theory.
2.Prepare for the next lesson.

21. Thank for your attention