Pronunciation Of Ed
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This document summarizes pronunciation rules for verbs ending in different sounds in English. It notes that verbs ending in voiced sounds like vowels, /b/, /g/, etc. add '-ed' when making the past tense, while verbs ending in unvoiced sounds like /p/, /t/, /k/ etc. stop the sound when adding '-ed'. It also lists examples of verbs for each category and their past tense pronunciations.
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Pronunciation ed
This document provides pronunciation tips for the "-ed" endings in regular past tense verbs in English. It explains that there are three main pronunciations: /t/, /d/, and /id/. The /t/ pronunciation is used after voiceless sounds like p, t, k, f, s, ch, and sh. The /d/ pronunciation is used after voiced sounds like b, g, v, z, j, m, n, ng, l, r, and vowels. Verbs ending in d or t take the /id/ pronunciation. Examples are provided to illustrate the different rules. Mastering these pronunciation patterns can help ESL students with producing the past tense correctly in English.
Pronunciation ed
This document provides rules for pronouncing the past simple form of regular verbs in English. It explains that the pronunciation of the "-ed" ending is determined by whether the final sound of the infinitive form is voiceless, voiced, or "-t" or "-d". Specifically, it states that:
- If the infinitive ends in a voiceless sound like "t", "s", or "p", the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/t/".
- If the infinitive ends in a voiced sound like a vowel, "b", "g", or "l", the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/d/".
- If the infinitive ends in "-t"
"-ed" pronunciation
The document discusses the different sounds that the "-ed" ending can make when added to verbs to make the past tense. It explains that the sound depends on the final consonant of the verb. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like t, p, f take an ed sound pronounced as /t/. Verbs ending in voiced consonants like b, d, g take an ed sound pronounced as /d/. Verbs ending in t or d take an ed sound pronounced as /ɪd/. These rules are important for connected speech when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word starting with a vowel.
Past simple tense pronunciation!
The document summarizes the pronunciation rules for regular verb endings in the past simple tense. It explains that verbs ending in unvoiced consonants like -t, -k, -s add -ed as /t/, verbs ending in -t or -d add -ed as /Id/, and verbs ending in voiced consonants add -ed as /d/. It then provides examples checking the pronunciation of -ed for different verbs in the past simple tense.
Ed sounds
The document discusses the pronunciation of the "-ed" ending on past tense verbs in English. It explains that the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/id/" for verbs ending in "/t/" or "/d/", and as "/d/" for verbs ending in voiced sounds like "/b/", "/g/", or vowels. It also notes that the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/t/" for verbs ending in unvoiced sounds like "/k/", "/s/", or "/f/". Examples are provided for each pronunciation case. The document aims to help distinguish the different pronunciations of regular past tense verb endings in English.
Ed sounds
This document provides information about pronunciation rules for verb endings in English. It explains that verbs ending in voiced sounds like /d/ or /t/ add "-ed" as /id/, while verbs ending in unvoiced sounds add "-ed" as /d/ or /t/ without an extra syllable. Examples are given for both rules to demonstrate how the past tense is pronounced depending on the final sound of the base verb. Instructions are given to practice feeling vibration in the neck to determine if a sound is voiced or unvoiced.
Pronunciation final ed sounds ppt
This document discusses the different pronunciations of verbs ending in "ed" in the past tense. There are three possible pronunciations: /t/, /d/, or /id/. The pronunciation depends on whether the final sound of the verb's infinitive form is voiced or voiceless. Verbs ending in voiceless sounds like /p/, /k/, /f/ take on the /t/ pronunciation. Verbs ending in voiced sounds like /b/, /g/, /v/ take on the /d/ pronunciation. Verbs ending in /t/ or /d/ sounds take on the /id/ pronunciation. Examples are provided to illustrate each case.
S pronunciation
This document discusses the different pronunciations of the -s ending on plural words in English. It outlines three rules for how the -s is pronounced based on whether the final sound of the singular word is voiceless, voiced, or ends in certain consonant sounds. For voiceless endings like cats, -s is pronounced /s/. For voiced endings like dogs, -s is pronounced /z/. And for endings like watches and judges, -es is pronounced /ɪz/ to accommodate an extra syllable. The document provides numerous examples for each rule regarding how the plural is pronounced.
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Pronunciation ed
This document provides pronunciation tips for the "-ed" endings in regular past tense verbs in English. It explains that there are three main pronunciations: /t/, /d/, and /id/. The /t/ pronunciation is used after voiceless sounds like p, t, k, f, s, ch, and sh. The /d/ pronunciation is used after voiced sounds like b, g, v, z, j, m, n, ng, l, r, and vowels. Verbs ending in d or t take the /id/ pronunciation. Examples are provided to illustrate the different rules. Mastering these pronunciation patterns can help ESL students with producing the past tense correctly in English.
Pronunciation ed
This document provides rules for pronouncing the past simple form of regular verbs in English. It explains that the pronunciation of the "-ed" ending is determined by whether the final sound of the infinitive form is voiceless, voiced, or "-t" or "-d". Specifically, it states that:
- If the infinitive ends in a voiceless sound like "t", "s", or "p", the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/t/".
- If the infinitive ends in a voiced sound like a vowel, "b", "g", or "l", the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/d/".
- If the infinitive ends in "-t"
"-ed" pronunciation
The document discusses the different sounds that the "-ed" ending can make when added to verbs to make the past tense. It explains that the sound depends on the final consonant of the verb. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like t, p, f take an ed sound pronounced as /t/. Verbs ending in voiced consonants like b, d, g take an ed sound pronounced as /d/. Verbs ending in t or d take an ed sound pronounced as /ɪd/. These rules are important for connected speech when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word starting with a vowel.
Past simple tense pronunciation!
The document summarizes the pronunciation rules for regular verb endings in the past simple tense. It explains that verbs ending in unvoiced consonants like -t, -k, -s add -ed as /t/, verbs ending in -t or -d add -ed as /Id/, and verbs ending in voiced consonants add -ed as /d/. It then provides examples checking the pronunciation of -ed for different verbs in the past simple tense.
Ed sounds
The document discusses the pronunciation of the "-ed" ending on past tense verbs in English. It explains that the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/id/" for verbs ending in "/t/" or "/d/", and as "/d/" for verbs ending in voiced sounds like "/b/", "/g/", or vowels. It also notes that the "-ed" ending is pronounced as "/t/" for verbs ending in unvoiced sounds like "/k/", "/s/", or "/f/". Examples are provided for each pronunciation case. The document aims to help distinguish the different pronunciations of regular past tense verb endings in English.
Ed sounds
This document provides information about pronunciation rules for verb endings in English. It explains that verbs ending in voiced sounds like /d/ or /t/ add "-ed" as /id/, while verbs ending in unvoiced sounds add "-ed" as /d/ or /t/ without an extra syllable. Examples are given for both rules to demonstrate how the past tense is pronounced depending on the final sound of the base verb. Instructions are given to practice feeling vibration in the neck to determine if a sound is voiced or unvoiced.
Pronunciation final ed sounds ppt
This document discusses the different pronunciations of verbs ending in "ed" in the past tense. There are three possible pronunciations: /t/, /d/, or /id/. The pronunciation depends on whether the final sound of the verb's infinitive form is voiced or voiceless. Verbs ending in voiceless sounds like /p/, /k/, /f/ take on the /t/ pronunciation. Verbs ending in voiced sounds like /b/, /g/, /v/ take on the /d/ pronunciation. Verbs ending in /t/ or /d/ sounds take on the /id/ pronunciation. Examples are provided to illustrate each case.
S pronunciation
This document discusses the different pronunciations of the -s ending on plural words in English. It outlines three rules for how the -s is pronounced based on whether the final sound of the singular word is voiceless, voiced, or ends in certain consonant sounds. For voiceless endings like cats, -s is pronounced /s/. For voiced endings like dogs, -s is pronounced /z/. And for endings like watches and judges, -es is pronounced /ɪz/ to accommodate an extra syllable. The document provides numerous examples for each rule regarding how the plural is pronounced.
Pronunciation S Ed
This document provides rules for pronouncing words ending in -s and -ed. For words ending in -s, there are three rules: 1) if a word ends in a sibilant sound, the -s is pronounced /ɪz/; 2) if a word ends in a voiceless consonant, the -s is pronounced /s/; 3) if a word ends in a voiced consonant or vowel, the -s is pronounced /z/. For words ending in -ed, the pronunciation depends on whether the preceding sound is voiced or voiceless. If the preceding sound is voiced, -ed is pronounced /d/; if voiceless, it is pronounced /t/. Several exercises are
The pronunciation of ed
The document discusses the pronunciation of verbs ending in "-ed" in English. There are generally three pronunciations: /t/ if the base verb ends in an unvoiced sound like "p" or "k"; /d/ if the base verb ends in a voiced sound like "l" or "n"; and /ɪd/ if the base verb ends in "t" or "d". Examples are provided to illustrate the different pronunciations based on the final sound of the base verb. Later, a set of verbs is grouped according to their pronunciation of "-ed" to demonstrate the rules.
Pronunciation final s sounds ppt
Learn the basic rules of final "s" sounds: /s/ /z/ and /iz/ with easy explanation and plenty of examples and illustrations
Pronunciation Regular Verbs
Regular verbs in English can take three different pronunciations for the "-ed" ending depending on the final sound of the verb. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like "p" take "/t/" as the pronunciation, verbs ending in vowels or voiced consonants like "g" take "/d/", and verbs ending in "t" or "d" take "/id/". Examples are provided to illustrate each case of pronunciation.
Letter S
The document discusses the different pronunciations of the final "s" sound in English words. It can be pronounced as /z/, /s/, or /iz/ depending on the sound that comes before it. The final "s" is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds like "p" and "t", /z/ after voiced sounds like "b" and "g", and /iz/ after sibilant consonants like "s" and "z", adding an extra syllable to words. Examples are provided to illustrate the different rules.
Regular verbs pronunciation
This document discusses the three different pronunciations of the "-ed" ending on regular past tense verbs in English. It states that "-ed" is pronounced as /t/ when the verb stem ends in a voiceless sound, as /d/ when the verb stem ends in a voiced sound, and as /ɪd/ when the verb stem ends in /t/ or /d/. Examples are provided to illustrate each rule, such as "watched", "loved", and "wanted" respectively. The purpose is to explain the different ways of pronouncing the regular past tense "-ed" ending in English.
Phonetics
The document summarizes the pronunciation rules for /s/ and /z/ in English.
/s/ is voiceless and can occur at the beginning of words, in the middle of words of Greek origin, and at the end of words preceded by vowels. /z/ is voiced and occurs between vowels, at the end of words preceded by voiced sounds, in words with more than two syllables ending in -ise, and in words ending in -sm. Exceptions to the rules are provided.
Long
This document is a learning tool about long vowels. It contains interactive exercises and examples to teach readers about vowel combinations that make long vowel sounds. The main rules covered are that "ee" makes the long e sound, a single "e" at the end makes a long e sound, a single "y" at the end makes a long i sound, an "e" at the end of a word makes the first vowel long, and when two vowels are together the first vowel is long. It also discusses vowel combinations like "igh", "eigh", "ow", "oo", and "ew" that make specific long sounds.
Past simple regular verbs pronunciation
This document provides pronunciation practice for verbs ending in -ED. It lists verbs ending in /t/, /d/, or /id/ based on the sound the verb ends in. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like /p/, /f/, /k/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ take /t/; verbs ending in /t/ or /d/ take /id/; and all other verbs take /d/. Examples are then provided to practice conjugating regular verbs into the past tense form ending in -ED along with their pronunciation.
Grammar notebook
The document provides a grammar notebook that summarizes key differences and uses of various Spanish grammar concepts across multiple sections. It covers topics such as the preterite vs imperfect tenses, uses of ser vs estar, verbs like gustar, comparatives and superlatives, transition words, the future tense, irregular verbs, por vs para, and more. Each section defines the concept, provides examples to illustrate proper usage, and lists "trigger words" that indicate when a certain tense should be used. The overall document serves as a reference guide to review and practice important distinctions in Spanish grammar.
Future Tense
The document discusses the future tense in Spanish. It provides:
1) An overview of how the future tense is formed in Spanish using regular verb endings like -aré, -eré, and -iré.
2) Examples of conjugated regular verbs like hablar, comer, and vivir in the future tense.
3) Details on how the future tense expresses what will happen and is equivalent to "will + verb" in English. It also notes cases where Spanish uses the present tense to refer to immediate future actions.
4) Information on irregular verb conjugations in the future tense and how they are formed based on stem changes.
5) A special use of the future
Third person verb endings – pronunciation
Simple present verb endings when the subject is third person (he, she, it, person's name).
The letter S has 3 different pronunciation sounds: s, z and iz
French –re verbs
The document discusses French verbs ending in "-re", noting that many follow a regular conjugation pattern but some are irregular. It provides the example of conjugating the regular verb "vendre" and the irregular verb "mettre". It emphasizes that learning French verb conjugations requires practice, and provides a link to a website for practicing conjugating all French verbs.
El pretérito
The document provides information on conjugating regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir in the preterite tense in Spanish. It gives the pronouns and endings used for each verb form and provides examples of commonly used verbs conjugated in the preterite tense, such as "hablar", "comer", and "escribir". It also notes some irregular verb forms for those ending in -car, -gar, and -zar and includes a short activity translating example sentences.
Present Tense Regular Verbs
This document provides a grammar review of Spanish subjects, verb conjugations, nouns, articles, and adjectives. It discusses:
- Spanish subjects and their abbreviations for "I, you, he, she, we, they"
- The three main types of verb endings (-ar, -er, -ir verbs) and how to conjugate them for different subjects
- How to make nouns plural by adding -s or -es depending on whether they end in a vowel or consonant
- Definite and indefinite articles and how they signify "the" or "a/an, some"
- Agreeing adjectives with nouns in gender and number by changing endings
- Ir
El Pretérito In Spanish
The document discusses the preterite or past tense in Spanish ("-ed" or irregular forms in English). It notes that the preterite is used to talk about completed actions in the past. For regular verbs, the stem is the infinitive stem. It provides examples of common -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. It then lists the preterite endings for -ar verbs as -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron and for -er/-ir verbs as -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. It reminds that accents are used on the "yo" and "él/ella/Ud
Pronouncing 3rd person simple present verbs
This document discusses the pronunciation of verbs in the third person simple present tense. It notes that the ending sound of the verb determines if the verb takes an "s", "z", or "iz" sound when adding the "-s" ending. Verbs ending in unvoiced sounds like "p", "t", "k" take an "s" sound. Verbs ending in voiced sounds like "b", "d", "g" take a "z" sound. Verbs ending in "s", "sh", "ch", "z", "o" take an "iz" sound. It provides examples like "walks", "watches", "brushes" and then practices identifying the sound with additional
/z/ & /s/ sounds
The document discusses the difficulty in distinguishing between the voiced /z/ sound and the voiceless /s/ sound in English. It notes that the letter 's' can represent either a voiced or voiceless sound depending on whether the preceding sound is voiced or voiceless. If a word ends in a voiceless consonant, the plural 's' is pronounced as a voiceless /s/; if it ends in a voiced consonant, the 's' is pronounced as a voiced /z/. Exceptions are words ending in sibilant sounds like /∫/, /t∫/, and /dgz/, which take the plural ending of a voiced /ez/ sound.
Regular Verbs
This document discusses regular verb conjugation in the past tense in English. It covers:
1. Regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding "-ed" to the base verb.
2. There are spelling rules for adding "-ed" depending on the final letter(s) of the base verb.
3. The "-ed" ending can be pronounced in three ways - /t/, /d/, or /id/ - depending on the final sound of the base verb. Examples of verbs for each pronunciation are provided.
Describing objects
Here is a 250-word description of the objects:
This passage describes several common household objects. A kettle is used for boiling water and has four main parts. The vessel is the hollow, spherical container that holds the water. It is 7 inches high with a flat, circular base that is 6 inches in diameter.
The vessel is made of metal for efficient heating. On top is a convex lid that fits securely over the opening. The lid is 5 inches in diameter and has a plastic knob in the center to open and close it. Above the lid is a curved handle that extends from the vessel. The handle is covered in plastic in the middle for insulation when the kettle is hot.
On the side of
describing objects
The document discusses various technologies used in televisions in 2012. LCD TVs made up 87.3% of worldwide TV shipments, while plasma TVs (PDTV) accounted for 5.7%. It also discusses social aspects of television such as its role in socialization and the incorporation of social media. Environmental concerns around electronic waste from outdated TVs are also mentioned.
Mastering Tenses
The document discusses different tenses in English and examples of time markers that indicate each tense. It provides lists of common time markers for the present progressive tense, simple present tense, past progressive tense, simple past tense, present perfect tense, and past perfect tense. The document explains that time markers can help improve comprehension of the tense being used and make the meaning clearer, especially for non-native English speakers.
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Pronunciation S Ed
This document provides rules for pronouncing words ending in -s and -ed. For words ending in -s, there are three rules: 1) if a word ends in a sibilant sound, the -s is pronounced /ɪz/; 2) if a word ends in a voiceless consonant, the -s is pronounced /s/; 3) if a word ends in a voiced consonant or vowel, the -s is pronounced /z/. For words ending in -ed, the pronunciation depends on whether the preceding sound is voiced or voiceless. If the preceding sound is voiced, -ed is pronounced /d/; if voiceless, it is pronounced /t/. Several exercises are
The pronunciation of ed
The document discusses the pronunciation of verbs ending in "-ed" in English. There are generally three pronunciations: /t/ if the base verb ends in an unvoiced sound like "p" or "k"; /d/ if the base verb ends in a voiced sound like "l" or "n"; and /ɪd/ if the base verb ends in "t" or "d". Examples are provided to illustrate the different pronunciations based on the final sound of the base verb. Later, a set of verbs is grouped according to their pronunciation of "-ed" to demonstrate the rules.
Pronunciation final s sounds ppt
Learn the basic rules of final "s" sounds: /s/ /z/ and /iz/ with easy explanation and plenty of examples and illustrations
Pronunciation Regular Verbs
Regular verbs in English can take three different pronunciations for the "-ed" ending depending on the final sound of the verb. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like "p" take "/t/" as the pronunciation, verbs ending in vowels or voiced consonants like "g" take "/d/", and verbs ending in "t" or "d" take "/id/". Examples are provided to illustrate each case of pronunciation.
Letter S
The document discusses the different pronunciations of the final "s" sound in English words. It can be pronounced as /z/, /s/, or /iz/ depending on the sound that comes before it. The final "s" is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds like "p" and "t", /z/ after voiced sounds like "b" and "g", and /iz/ after sibilant consonants like "s" and "z", adding an extra syllable to words. Examples are provided to illustrate the different rules.
Regular verbs pronunciation
This document discusses the three different pronunciations of the "-ed" ending on regular past tense verbs in English. It states that "-ed" is pronounced as /t/ when the verb stem ends in a voiceless sound, as /d/ when the verb stem ends in a voiced sound, and as /ɪd/ when the verb stem ends in /t/ or /d/. Examples are provided to illustrate each rule, such as "watched", "loved", and "wanted" respectively. The purpose is to explain the different ways of pronouncing the regular past tense "-ed" ending in English.
Phonetics
The document summarizes the pronunciation rules for /s/ and /z/ in English.
/s/ is voiceless and can occur at the beginning of words, in the middle of words of Greek origin, and at the end of words preceded by vowels. /z/ is voiced and occurs between vowels, at the end of words preceded by voiced sounds, in words with more than two syllables ending in -ise, and in words ending in -sm. Exceptions to the rules are provided.
Long
This document is a learning tool about long vowels. It contains interactive exercises and examples to teach readers about vowel combinations that make long vowel sounds. The main rules covered are that "ee" makes the long e sound, a single "e" at the end makes a long e sound, a single "y" at the end makes a long i sound, an "e" at the end of a word makes the first vowel long, and when two vowels are together the first vowel is long. It also discusses vowel combinations like "igh", "eigh", "ow", "oo", and "ew" that make specific long sounds.
Past simple regular verbs pronunciation
This document provides pronunciation practice for verbs ending in -ED. It lists verbs ending in /t/, /d/, or /id/ based on the sound the verb ends in. Verbs ending in voiceless consonants like /p/, /f/, /k/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ take /t/; verbs ending in /t/ or /d/ take /id/; and all other verbs take /d/. Examples are then provided to practice conjugating regular verbs into the past tense form ending in -ED along with their pronunciation.
Grammar notebook
The document provides a grammar notebook that summarizes key differences and uses of various Spanish grammar concepts across multiple sections. It covers topics such as the preterite vs imperfect tenses, uses of ser vs estar, verbs like gustar, comparatives and superlatives, transition words, the future tense, irregular verbs, por vs para, and more. Each section defines the concept, provides examples to illustrate proper usage, and lists "trigger words" that indicate when a certain tense should be used. The overall document serves as a reference guide to review and practice important distinctions in Spanish grammar.
Future Tense
The document discusses the future tense in Spanish. It provides:
1) An overview of how the future tense is formed in Spanish using regular verb endings like -aré, -eré, and -iré.
2) Examples of conjugated regular verbs like hablar, comer, and vivir in the future tense.
3) Details on how the future tense expresses what will happen and is equivalent to "will + verb" in English. It also notes cases where Spanish uses the present tense to refer to immediate future actions.
4) Information on irregular verb conjugations in the future tense and how they are formed based on stem changes.
5) A special use of the future
Third person verb endings – pronunciation
Simple present verb endings when the subject is third person (he, she, it, person's name).
The letter S has 3 different pronunciation sounds: s, z and iz
French –re verbs
The document discusses French verbs ending in "-re", noting that many follow a regular conjugation pattern but some are irregular. It provides the example of conjugating the regular verb "vendre" and the irregular verb "mettre". It emphasizes that learning French verb conjugations requires practice, and provides a link to a website for practicing conjugating all French verbs.
El pretérito
The document provides information on conjugating regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir in the preterite tense in Spanish. It gives the pronouns and endings used for each verb form and provides examples of commonly used verbs conjugated in the preterite tense, such as "hablar", "comer", and "escribir". It also notes some irregular verb forms for those ending in -car, -gar, and -zar and includes a short activity translating example sentences.
Present Tense Regular Verbs
This document provides a grammar review of Spanish subjects, verb conjugations, nouns, articles, and adjectives. It discusses:
- Spanish subjects and their abbreviations for "I, you, he, she, we, they"
- The three main types of verb endings (-ar, -er, -ir verbs) and how to conjugate them for different subjects
- How to make nouns plural by adding -s or -es depending on whether they end in a vowel or consonant
- Definite and indefinite articles and how they signify "the" or "a/an, some"
- Agreeing adjectives with nouns in gender and number by changing endings
- Ir
El Pretérito In Spanish
The document discusses the preterite or past tense in Spanish ("-ed" or irregular forms in English). It notes that the preterite is used to talk about completed actions in the past. For regular verbs, the stem is the infinitive stem. It provides examples of common -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. It then lists the preterite endings for -ar verbs as -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron and for -er/-ir verbs as -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. It reminds that accents are used on the "yo" and "él/ella/Ud
Pronouncing 3rd person simple present verbs
This document discusses the pronunciation of verbs in the third person simple present tense. It notes that the ending sound of the verb determines if the verb takes an "s", "z", or "iz" sound when adding the "-s" ending. Verbs ending in unvoiced sounds like "p", "t", "k" take an "s" sound. Verbs ending in voiced sounds like "b", "d", "g" take a "z" sound. Verbs ending in "s", "sh", "ch", "z", "o" take an "iz" sound. It provides examples like "walks", "watches", "brushes" and then practices identifying the sound with additional
/z/ & /s/ sounds
The document discusses the difficulty in distinguishing between the voiced /z/ sound and the voiceless /s/ sound in English. It notes that the letter 's' can represent either a voiced or voiceless sound depending on whether the preceding sound is voiced or voiceless. If a word ends in a voiceless consonant, the plural 's' is pronounced as a voiceless /s/; if it ends in a voiced consonant, the 's' is pronounced as a voiced /z/. Exceptions are words ending in sibilant sounds like /∫/, /t∫/, and /dgz/, which take the plural ending of a voiced /ez/ sound.
Regular Verbs
This document discusses regular verb conjugation in the past tense in English. It covers:
1. Regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding "-ed" to the base verb.
2. There are spelling rules for adding "-ed" depending on the final letter(s) of the base verb.
3. The "-ed" ending can be pronounced in three ways - /t/, /d/, or /id/ - depending on the final sound of the base verb. Examples of verbs for each pronunciation are provided.
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Here is a 250-word description of the objects:
This passage describes several common household objects. A kettle is used for boiling water and has four main parts. The vessel is the hollow, spherical container that holds the water. It is 7 inches high with a flat, circular base that is 6 inches in diameter.
The vessel is made of metal for efficient heating. On top is a convex lid that fits securely over the opening. The lid is 5 inches in diameter and has a plastic knob in the center to open and close it. Above the lid is a curved handle that extends from the vessel. The handle is covered in plastic in the middle for insulation when the kettle is hot.
On the side of
describing objects
The document discusses various technologies used in televisions in 2012. LCD TVs made up 87.3% of worldwide TV shipments, while plasma TVs (PDTV) accounted for 5.7%. It also discusses social aspects of television such as its role in socialization and the incorporation of social media. Environmental concerns around electronic waste from outdated TVs are also mentioned.
Mastering Tenses
The document discusses different tenses in English and examples of time markers that indicate each tense. It provides lists of common time markers for the present progressive tense, simple present tense, past progressive tense, simple past tense, present perfect tense, and past perfect tense. The document explains that time markers can help improve comprehension of the tense being used and make the meaning clearer, especially for non-native English speakers.
Describing anobject kettle
An electric kettle has five main parts: a cylindrical plastic and metal container for holding water, a plastic handle, a flat circular metal base, an on/off switch on the handle, and an electrical cord connecting the base to an outlet. It boils water by heating the container which typically holds 1.5 liters of water and has a diameter of 6 inches and height of 10 inches while the base is 6 inches in diameter and 1 inch high. Kettles are often silver or white in color and have a spout at the top of the container for pouring and a lid and handle that are curved in shape.
Pronunciation Of The Final S(2)
The document discusses the pronunciation of the final -s in the third person singular present tense and plural nouns in English. It can be pronounced in three ways - /s/, /z/, or /iz/. The main difference between /s/ and /z/ is small, and it is most important to learn the /iz/ sound. Words ending in -tch, -dge, -sh, -ss, and -z take the /iz/ pronunciation for their plurals and third person present tense forms. Examples of words following this pattern are provided.
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The document provides frequency adverbs and expressions in order of most to least frequent, and examples of their placement in sentences. It lists adverbs like "hardly ever", "never", and "always", and expressions like "once a month" and "every Saturday". It then gives example sentences using these terms and identifies rules for their placement - frequency adverbs go before the verb "be" and after other verbs, while other expressions generally go at the end of sentences. It concludes with an example response using the expression "once in a blue moon".
Past Simple Vs Past Continuous
The document presents a story starring the Past Simple and Past Continuous tenses. It discusses their different uses: the Past Simple is used for completed actions while the Past Continuous is used for ongoing actions. It provides examples of using each tense alone and together. When using both tenses together, the Past Continuous can be interrupted or begun before the Past Simple.
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Relative clauses provide additional information about a person or thing mentioned in the main clause of a sentence. There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide extra information. Relative pronouns like who, that, which introduce the relative clause and can be omitted when acting as the object. Prepositions are usually placed at the end of relative clauses in spoken English.
Prejudice and tolerance
Un barco se ha hundido y sólo nueve personas han sobrevivido, pero hay poca comida a bordo. Para aumentar las posibilidades de supervivencia del grupo, cinco personas tendrán que ser arrojadas por la borda. El documento presenta breves descripciones de cada uno de los nueve supervivientes para que los lectores decidan quiénes deberían sacrificarse para salvar a los demás.
Order of adjectives
This document provides guidelines on the typical order of adjectives in English. Adjectives usually precede nouns and are ordered from opinion, size, age, color, and material. For example, an elegant long new red striped silk dress with a golden ribbon. More than three adjectives are not normally used with a noun in a sentence.
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The document provides information and examples of common doctor-patient interactions. It includes sample questions doctors may ask patients like "What seems to be the problem?" and "How long have you been experiencing these symptoms?". It also gives examples of instructions a doctor might give during an exam like "Lay down on the examination table" and "Breathe in, breathe out". Finally, it provides a sample doctor-patient conversation and lists some common phrasal verbs used in a medical setting.
Quantifiers
This document defines and provides examples of quantifiers. It explains that a quantifier is a word or phrase used before a noun to indicate an amount or quantity. It then lists and categorizes different types of quantifiers that can indicate small, large, or correct quantities for countable nouns, uncountable nouns, or both. It also provides additional examples of quantifiers used with specific uncountable nouns.
Appearances
The document provides guidance on describing a person's physical appearance in detail and in a specific order. It lists characteristics to describe in the following order: height, build, age, hair, facial features, clothes. It then gives examples of descriptive words for each characteristic, such as tall, short, average for height and thin, stocky, muscular for build. Additional features discussed include eye color, hair style, complexion, nose shape and special markings like scars.
Making suggestions
This document provides examples of ways to make and respond to suggestions in English. To make a suggestion, one can use phrases like "I think we should...", "What about...", or "Why don't we...". To support a suggestion, say things like "That's a great idea" or "Yeah, let's do it". To not support an idea, say "I don't think that will work" or "I'd rather...". One can also make an alternative suggestion using phrases such as "Why don't we...instead?" or "Perhaps we could...".
Relatives
This document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It defines relative clauses as clauses that provide information about which person or thing is being referred to. It discusses the relative pronouns who, whom, which, whose, and that. It explains how these pronouns are used with people and things. The document also covers using relative pronouns as subjects and objects and the position of prepositions. It introduces the relative adverbs where, when, and why. Key examples and exercises are provided.
How to write a formal letter (1)
This document provides guidance on the structure and components of a formal letter. A formal letter includes a heading with the sender's address and date, the recipient's address, a salutation, an introduction stating the purpose, a body with relevant details in 2-4 paragraphs, a conclusion suggesting action or closing remarks, and a signature with the sender's full name. The document also provides templates for writing letters of complaint, including common phrases for the introduction expressing dissatisfaction and the final paragraph hoping for resolution or further action.
Applying for a job e-mail
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective job application email. It recommends keeping the email short and focused on demonstrating capabilities for the desired position. Tips include using a professional email address, clear subject line, introducing the reason for writing and highlighting relevant qualifications, experience, and personal qualities in separate paragraphs before politely concluding and offering next steps like attaching a resume.
Gerunds and infinitives
This document provides information on the use of gerunds and infinitives after verbs and expressions in English. It lists common verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives based on their meaning, such as verbs expressing likes/dislikes or mental states followed by gerunds, and verbs expressing future arrangements followed by infinitives. Some verbs, such as start, finish, and continue can be followed by either form without a change in meaning, while verbs like forget, remember, go on, regret, stop, and try can have different meanings depending on whether they are followed by a gerund or infinitive. The document also discusses uses of gerunds and infinitives after questions words, prepositions, adjectives, and
The article
The document discusses the use of articles (a, an, the) in English. It provides examples of when to use indefinite articles like "a" and "an" versus the definite article "the". It also lists cases when no article is used, such as with plural and uncountable nouns, materials, meals, geographical names, and specific places. The key guidelines covered are using "a" for unknown or unimportant nouns, "the" for previously mentioned or unique nouns, and omitting articles in certain grammatical contexts.
Bored or boring
Here are two sentences using the verb "embarrass":
The embarrassing photos made the family embarrassed.
The silly dance moves embarrassed the performer but entertained the audience.
Requestsandpermissioninenglish
This document discusses ways to ask for permission, request something, and respond to requests in English. It provides examples of how to:
1) Politely ask for permission using "can", "could", or "may" followed by a question (e.g. "Can I ask a question?").
2) Ask for permission more politely using "do you think I could" or "is it OK if I".
3) Give permission by saying "Yes, of course" or "Sure, go ahead".
4) Refuse permission politely by giving a reason and using "sorry" or "actually".
5) Make requests using "can you" or "will you
Verbs related to cooking
The document discusses two opposing actions: to spread, which means to expand over an area, and to crush, which likely means to compress or destroy something. It provides the definition of "to spread" as expanding over an area, with "to crush" left undefined but implied to be the opposite action of compressing or destroying rather than expanding.
Quantifiers unit 0
This document discusses different types of quantifiers used to indicate quantity in English. It explains that quantifiers can be used with countable nouns, uncountable nouns, or both, and answers questions like "how many" and "how much." The main quantifiers discussed are a lot of, lots of, much, many, a little, a few, too, enough, some, any, no, nobody/none, and anything/nowhere. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each quantifier in different contexts.
So and such
1. So and such are used to intensify the meaning of adjectives and adverbs. So is used before adjectives and adverbs, while such is used before countable nouns or uncountable nouns/plurals.
2. So and such can also be used in constructions with "that" to express a consequence. For example, "the coffee is so hot that I can't drink it" or "it was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the beach."
3. When combining sentences using so/such and that, so is used before adjectives/adverbs in the first clause and such is used before countable/uncountable nou
Giving directions
The document outlines functions, examples, and important grammar for asking for, giving, and estimating directions. It includes examples of asking for directions such as "can you tell me how to get to...", giving simple directions using imperatives and prepositions of place, and estimating distance and time using phrases like "about five minutes from here". Grammatical structures highlighted include verb phrases, imperatives, prepositions, and questions about distance and time.
Informal letters
Informal or friendly letters typically contain 5 parts:
1. The Heading includes the date but not necessarily the sender's address.
2. The Salutation is a greeting that ends in a comma, such as "Dear Uncle" or "Hi Joe".
3. The Body contains the message, which is usually introduced and concluded. Paragraphs are indented and the main body develops the subject.
4. The Closing is a short expression on a single line with the first word capitalized and a comma after the last word.
5. The Signature line contains the sender's name under the closing.
At the doctor's
The document provides information about common health issues, symptoms, and treatments. It includes vocabulary related to visiting the doctor's office, such as medical terms, symptoms, questions doctors ask, and things doctors may say during an examination. Sample dialogues between doctors and patients demonstrate how conversations at the doctor's office typically occur.
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Pronunciation Of Ed
- 1. /d/ Verbs ending in voiced sound All the vowel sounds and /b,g,ʒ,dʒ,z,v,ð,m,n,ŋ,j,w,l/ /id/ All the verbs ending in sound /t/ or /d/
- 2. verbs ending in unvoiced sound /p,k,∫,t∫,f,s,θ,h/ PRONUNCIATION stop /stɒpt/ look /lʊkt/ wash /wɒʃt/ watch +-ed /wɒtʃt/ laugh /lɑːft/ pass /pɑːst/ loath /ləʊθt/
- 3. Verbs ending in voiced sound All the vowel sounds and /b,g,ʒ,dʒ,z,v,ð,m,n,ŋ,j,w,l/ PRONUNCIATION play played /pleɪd/ rob robbed /rɒbd/ brag bragged /brægd/ order ordered /ˈɔː.dərd/ judge judged /dʒʌdʒd/ hum hummed /hʌmd/ rain rained /reɪnd/ wave waved /weɪvd/ close closed (s = /Z/) /kləʊzd/
- 4. /id/ ALL THE VERBS ENDING IN SOUND /t/ AND /d/ start started /sta:tɪd/ need needed / ni:dɪd/ wait waited /weɪtɪd/ decide decided /dɪˈsaɪd//