Papua New Guinea has a population of 6.5 million people, with 85% living in rural areas where access to improved water and sanitation is only 20% and 15% respectively. The RWSSP project aimed to improve health through increasing access to water and promoting improved hygiene and sanitation over 5 years with €15.6 million in funding from the EU. The project benefited 600 communities and 270,000 people across 19 of Papua New Guinea's 20 provinces. Sustainability of services faces challenges including physical difficulties, lack of funds, limited service provider capacity, divided government responsibility, and heterogeneous communities.