The document discusses the causes and solutions to poor access to clean water and sanitation facilities. The key causes identified include unreliable rainfall damaging rural livelihoods and increasing urban migration, land scarcity in rural areas, and poverty among slum dwellers. Proposed solutions include increasing literacy and hygiene education, empowering rural economies, providing low-cost housing and sanitation, and utilizing technologies like solar distillation and water filtration. The implementation of these solutions is expected to raise literacy rates, increase awareness through NGO efforts, boost employment, and help more countries develop. Challenges remain around ensuring access to water for all given issues like pollution, inefficient distribution, and contamination.

1. Providing clean drinking water and
proper sanitation facility to all

2. Causes of Poor Water and Sanitation
Facilities
Search of better means of living in cities as a result unreliable rains in the
recent past, loss of soil fertility and increased cost of living in the rural areas.
Land scarcity in rural areas due to increase in population.
Poverty among slum dwellers.
Unplanned slums by government and city planners.
Lack of literacy.

3. Proposed Solution
Increase in literacy rate.
Culturally sensitive and appropriate hygiene education.
Change in mindsets of the people.
e.g. each house should have proper sanitation system installed in it
Economic empowerment of people in the rural areas to make them stay in the
villages to reduce urban influx.
Development and provision of low cost housing, and water and sanitation
facilities.
e.g. : communal water and sanitation points
Establishment and enforcement of policies to ensure landlords and slum
dwellers provide for and care for water and sanitation facilities.
For providing clean drinking water everywhere some of the following
techniques can be used:
•Using "Super Sand" to clean water
•Personal Solar Stills
•Water Filtration Straws

4.  Creating legislation and regulations to support improvement in access and
quality of sanitation and hygiene services.
 Bringing together more resources, having stronger institutions and better
trained people.
 Role of NGOs.

5. Implementation Of Solution
 Today as more & more people are being imparted education there is rise in
literacy rate.
 Role of NGOs has lead to a lot of awareness among the people and they
also ensure the use of sanitary latrines.
 More & more people are becoming health conscious & adopting for
hygienic environment.
 More & more people should be given employment so as to raise there
standards of living.
 Methods of cleanliness should be adopted so that everyone is provided with
clean & pure drinking water.
 Government also checks in the betterment of society on these matters.
 Campaigns are held to educate more & more people.

7. Impact of the solution
 Rise in literacy rate.
 Role of NGOs has lead to a lot of awareness among the people.
 More & more people are adopting a healthy lifestyle these days.
 Employment rate has increased a little bit.
 More & more campaigns are being organized.
 These steps are helping underdeveloped countries to become developed
countries.
 Standard of living of people is increasing.

9. Challenges & Mitigation factors
 Lack of clean water is responsible for more deaths in the world than war.
 About 1 out of every 6 people living today do not have adequate access to
water, and more than double that number lack basic sanitation, for which
water is needed.
 By some estimates, each day nearly 5,000 children worldwide die from
diarrhea-related diseases.
 Most of the world’s water is in the oceans, and therefore salty and not
usable for most purposes without desalination.
 Overcoming the crisis in water and sanitation is one of the greatest human
development challenges of the early 21st century.
 Provide a safe, affordable method of collecting rainwater.
 Demand for water expands much faster than population growth.

10.  Water is not always distributed to where it is needed in an efficient manner.
 Pollution and contamination can make water unusable.

11. Appendix
• Reference
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India
o UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and
Sanitationestimate for 2008 based on the 2006 Demographic and Health
Survey, the 2001 census, other data and the extrapolation of previous trends
to 2010.
o http://www.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/whd/06/MALAWI.pdf

12. THANK YOU