Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, lack membrane-bound organelles, and have a single circular chromosome. In contrast, eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane, and multiple linear or circular chromosomes. The key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are their size, presence of membrane-bound organelles, number and structure of chromosomes.

3. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
They are very minute in size. They are comparatively larger in size.
Nuclear region (nucleoid) is not
enveloped by a nuclear membrane.
Nucleus is surrounded by a double
membrane layer.
Single chrmosome present. More than one chromosome are present.
Nucleolus is absent. Nucleolus is present.
Membrane bound organelles are absent.
Membrane bound organelles are
present.
Multiplication of cell is by fission or
budding.
Cell division by mitosis or meiosis.
Cell Walls presnt, which are chemically
complex.
Cell walls seen in only plant cells, which
are chemically simpler.
Cell type is usually unicellular. Usually multicellular cells.
Cell size is 1-10μm Cell size 10 - 100µm.
Example: Bacteria, archaea Example: animal cells and plant cells.

4. The prokaryotic cell wall protects the cell organelles and provides the
shape to the cell. The cell wall is of two types - Gram positive cell wall
and Gram negative cell wall.
The plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell acts as a selective
permeable membrane and also regulates the functioning of input and
output of a cell.
The cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell plays a vital role in protecting a cell
by separating cell organelles from each other.
The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell contains the DNA of a
prokaryotic organism, which are circular and it is stored in the nucleiod.
The ribosome of a prokaryotic cell plays a vital role in protein synthesis of
a cell.

5. They are single celled organisms and are much smaller
compared to eukaryotic cells.
They are unicellular and their size ranges from 1 µm and 10 µm
but in a few cases they may vary in their size from 0.2 µm to 750
µm.
Prokaryotic organisms exist in different shapes, which includes
spherical, rod, flat, coccus, bacillus, spirochete and some of
them are shapeless as they do not possess constant shape.
They consist of very few internal structures like cell wall, ribosome,
plasma membrane, cytoplasm along with circular strands of
DNA.
They have a cell wall, which are made up of peptidoglycan

7. Eukaryotes can be defined as the group of organisms
that possess a membrane bound nucleus along with the
membrane bound organelles. Eukaryote includes both
unicellular and multicellular organisms. Organisms, with
this cell type are known by the term eukaryotic organisms
(or) eukaryotes. A eukaryotic cell consists of cell wall,
endoplasmic reticulum and other membrane bounded
organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes,
plasma membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm, chromosomes
and also has a well organized nucleus with a nuclear
envelope.

8. They are capable of self-duplication.
They help in transmitting or transferring the characters from one
generation to another generation (or) from parents to offspring.
They play a vital role in controlling biological processes in the
body of an organism.
They control cell metabolism by directing the formatting of
necessary proteins.
They help in cell differentiation during development.