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ultrastructure_cell_prokaryotic_eukaryoticpptx
- 1. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
- 2. • British scientist Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. He used a microscope he designed himself to study a slice of cork and noticed a honeycomb-like structure. He named these structures cells and defined them as the fundamental structural and functional units of life. He also coined the term "cells“. • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Discovered protozoa, bacteria, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes, and rotifers. • Matthias Jacob Schleiden: Defined the cell as the basic unit of plant structure in 1838 • Theodor Schwann: Defined the cell as the basic unit of animal structure in 1839 • George Emil Palade: Known as the father of cell biology, he first used the electron microscope to discover ribosomes and secretory proteins • Mycoplasma gallicepticum is the smallest cell with a size of 0.2–0.3 μm. • The ostrich egg is the largest cell in the world, measuring about 15–18 centimeters long and wide, and weighing around 1.4 kilograms.
- 4. Prokaryotic cells have the following characteristics • Size: Prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 10 micrometers in diameter. • Structure: Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, and have a simpler structure than eukaryotic cells. • Organelles: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and chloroplasts. • DNA: Prokaryotic cells have single circular DNA as genetic material, and this DNA is found in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid. • Cell wall: Prokaryotic cells have a rigid cell wall made up of polysaccharides and amino acids. • Plasma membrane: Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane made of phospholipids, which allows some molecules to enter or leave the cell. • Prokaryotic cells have mesosomes for respiration. • There are two types of prokaryotic cell such as: Archaea and bacteria. • Prokaryotes often have appendages (protrusions) on their surface. Flagella and some pili are used for locomotion, fimbriae help the cell stick to a surface, and sex pili are used for DNA exchange.
- 6. Components of prokaryotic cell Components of prokaryotic cell
- 8. Evolution of eukaryotes The first eukaryotic cells probably evolved about 2 billion years ago. The endosymbiotic theory explains their evolution. According to which, large cells engulfed small cells but are not digested by them. Instead, the small cells lived within them and evolved into organelles. The large and small cells formed a symbiotic relationship where both cells benefited from each other.
- 12. • Cytoskeleton