Prokaryoic Cell
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This document summarizes the structural organization of prokaryotic cells. It describes the main components of prokaryotic cells, including the plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, nucleoid, ribosomes, plasmids, and flagella. It provides details on the composition and functions of these various structures, such as that the cell wall provides shape and protection and varies in chemical makeup between archaea and bacteria. The document also distinguishes between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
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THE PROKARYOTIC CELL
Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO. They lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The cell envelope consists of an outer glycocalyx layer, a peptidoglycan cell wall, and an inner plasma membrane. The cell contains genomic DNA and sometimes plasmid DNA. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S. Inclusion bodies store reserved materials in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic Cell with detail in Biochemistry 2017
This document provides an introduction and overview of prokaryotic cell structure presented by Amir Hassan, a BS-Chemistry student with roll number 105. The presentation topic is the structure of prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simpler than eukaryotic cells, lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The key components of prokaryotic cells discussed include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, single loop of DNA, plasmids, cell wall, capsule or envelope, flagella, and fimbriae. Each of these structures performs important functions for the prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cell (Anjali Bisen )
Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most primitive cells. They lack membrane-bound organelles and have no nucleus, with their DNA located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and cell wall, and may possess flagella or pili to aid movement. The structures that make up a prokaryotic cell include the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm containing ribosomes, and the nucleoid region containing DNA.
Prokaryotic Cell in biochemistry Mode
This document provides an overview of prokaryotic cell structure. It begins by defining cells and classifying them as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack membrane-bound organelles. They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, single loop of DNA (genetic material), and sometimes plasmids. Other structures can include a cell wall, capsule, flagella for movement, and pili for attachment. The document outlines each of these structures in detail and provides examples like bacterial cells.
cell wall
This document provides information about bacterial, fungal, and plant cell walls. It discusses that bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan containing sugars and amino acids. Bacteria are classified based on the location of peptidoglycan as gram positive or gram negative. Fungal cell walls contain chitin, glucan, and proteins. They provide protection and act as a molecular sieve. Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and provide structure, protection, and control growth.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, have circular DNA, and are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus with nuclear membrane, linear DNA, and organelles like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The document provides a table comparing characteristics such as cell size, cell wall composition, DNA content, organelles presence, and examples of each cell type.
prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on Earth. They include bacteria and archaea and some are capable of photosynthesis. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. They reproduce through binary fission and can also undergo genetic recombination through conjugation, transformation, or transduction to generate variation. Prokaryotic cells play important roles in various environments and as normal flora in humans and animals.
Structure of Prokaryotic Cell
1. Prokaryotic cells have three main structural components - appendages, cell envelope, and cytoplasm. Appendages include flagella, pili, and fimbriae which allow movement and attachment.
2. The cell envelope is composed of the cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall provides shape and protection, and its structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
3. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, the nucleoid, and various inclusions like storage granules. Some bacteria also contain structures like magnetosomes or endospores.
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THE PROKARYOTIC CELL
Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO. They lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The cell envelope consists of an outer glycocalyx layer, a peptidoglycan cell wall, and an inner plasma membrane. The cell contains genomic DNA and sometimes plasmid DNA. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S. Inclusion bodies store reserved materials in the cytoplasm.
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This document provides an introduction and overview of prokaryotic cell structure presented by Amir Hassan, a BS-Chemistry student with roll number 105. The presentation topic is the structure of prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simpler than eukaryotic cells, lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The key components of prokaryotic cells discussed include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, single loop of DNA, plasmids, cell wall, capsule or envelope, flagella, and fimbriae. Each of these structures performs important functions for the prokaryotic cell.
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Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most primitive cells. They lack membrane-bound organelles and have no nucleus, with their DNA located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and cell wall, and may possess flagella or pili to aid movement. The structures that make up a prokaryotic cell include the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm containing ribosomes, and the nucleoid region containing DNA.
Prokaryotic Cell in biochemistry Mode
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cell wall
This document provides information about bacterial, fungal, and plant cell walls. It discusses that bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan containing sugars and amino acids. Bacteria are classified based on the location of peptidoglycan as gram positive or gram negative. Fungal cell walls contain chitin, glucan, and proteins. They provide protection and act as a molecular sieve. Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and provide structure, protection, and control growth.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, have circular DNA, and are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus with nuclear membrane, linear DNA, and organelles like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The document provides a table comparing characteristics such as cell size, cell wall composition, DNA content, organelles presence, and examples of each cell type.
prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on Earth. They include bacteria and archaea and some are capable of photosynthesis. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. They reproduce through binary fission and can also undergo genetic recombination through conjugation, transformation, or transduction to generate variation. Prokaryotic cells play important roles in various environments and as normal flora in humans and animals.
Structure of Prokaryotic Cell
1. Prokaryotic cells have three main structural components - appendages, cell envelope, and cytoplasm. Appendages include flagella, pili, and fimbriae which allow movement and attachment.
2. The cell envelope is composed of the cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall provides shape and protection, and its structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
3. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, the nucleoid, and various inclusions like storage granules. Some bacteria also contain structures like magnetosomes or endospores.
Chap 2 fungal cell
The fungal cell wall is composed of various components that give shape, strength, and protection to fungi. The main components are chitin, glucan, and proteins. Chitin is a nitrogenous polysaccharide made of N-acetylglucosamine that forms microfibrils providing structure. Glucan is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers linked by beta glycosidic bonds that is a major component of fungal cell walls. Glycoproteins and proteins are also embedded in the cell wall matrix and contain carbohydrates. Together these components form the primary wall and secondary wall layers that define fungal cells.
Bacterial Cell Structure
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms between 0.2-2.0 μm in diameter that lack membrane-bound organelles. They have a gelatinous capsule surrounding a cell wall, and motile bacteria possess a flagellum to aid movement. Bacterial DNA is located in a circular chromosome that may be attached to the cell membrane via the mesosome, as well as smaller independent plasmids.
CELL STRUCRURE
Prokaryotic cells are the earliest cells to evolve and lack membrane-bound organelles. They have genetic material located in the cytoplasm and ribosomes as their only organelle. Bacterial cells have a cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm containing ribosomes and nucleoid, and sometimes a mesosome. Eukaryotic cells evolved later and have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. They include membrane-bound structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and a cytoskeleton. Plant cells also have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
Structure of bacterial cell
Bacteria are microscopic, prokaryotic organisms that lack nuclei in their cells. They vary in size from 0.2-2 micrometers in diameter and 0.5-5 micrometers in length, though some large bacteria can be seen with the naked eye. Bacteria come in four basic shapes - bacillus (rod-like), coccus (spherical or ovoid), vibrio (comma-shaped), and spirilla (spiral or helical). They can exist as single cells or in various arrangements like chains or clusters depending on how they divide and remain attached after division. Their small size gives bacteria a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing for rapid nutrient absorption and waste removal.
Lesson 1 Teacher Lecture
This document provides information about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and divides cells into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are larger, have a nucleus that contains linear DNA, and membrane-bound organelles. They include animal cells which lack cell walls and plant cells which have cell walls and chloroplasts. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, have circular DNA, and lack a nucleus and organelles. Examples are bacteria and archaea. The document compares key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell Of Bacteria
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have no nucleus. They contain genetic material in the form of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 micrometers in diameter. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that encloses prokaryotic cells and is composed of phospholipids and proteins arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and are composed of RNA and protein. Inclusion bodies are insoluble protein aggregates that form in bacteria when they are forced to overproduce foreign proteins.
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Introduction structure
This document provides an overview of microbiology concepts including:
1) It lists common human pathogens and notes that 61% are zoonotic.
2) It discusses the office hours, labs, and lectures for a microbiology course.
3) It summarizes key discoveries and advances in microbiology, infectious disease, and molecular biology from the 18th century to present.
4. distinguish bw eukaryoticand prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have membrane-bound structures and store their DNA in a nucleoid region. The key differences are that eukaryotic cells are generally larger, more complex, and multicellular, whereas prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler and mostly unicellular. Eukaryotic DNA is also linear and contained in the nucleus, versus prokaryotic DNA being circular.
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms without membrane-bound organelles that include bacteria and archaea. They have distinct characteristics like DNA that is not enclosed in a nucleus, lack of histones, and cell sizes typically between 1-5 micrometers. Prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission and have various internal structures like ribosomes, cytoplasmic membrane, and nucleoid containing DNA. They also have external structures such as flagella, pili, and capsules that provide motility and attachment abilities. The cell wall and plasma membrane serve as protective barriers around the cell.
2. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
All living cells can be classified as
Prokaryotes cells: pre-nucleus
the Greek words pro (before) and karyon (nucleus).
All prokaryotes are:
single-celled organisms and all are bacteria.
Microscopic
cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed structures.
Bacterial anatomy and its component
This document discusses the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It notes that prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria, are much smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells as they lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The document outlines the structures found in typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides diagrams of a bacterial and animal cell. It also compares characteristics such as cell walls, chromosomes, and modes of cell division.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea are much simpler than eukaryotic cells. They are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have no nucleus, and have circular DNA not contained within a nucleus. In contrast, eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi are larger, have organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus that contains linear DNA. They have more complex structures that allow for specialized functions.
Architechture of microbial cell
This document discusses the structure of microbial cells. It describes prokaryotic cells as being much smaller than eukaryotic cells, and lacking membrane-bound organelles. The key structures of bacterial cells are identified as the capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, flagella, pili and cytoplasm. The cell wall provides structure and protection, and its composition differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Viruses are also discussed and described as acellular structures made of nucleic acids surrounded by protein coats.
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This document provides an overview of cell types, structures, and functions. It begins by outlining the cell theory and defining cells. It then distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells. The document proceeds to describe various cellular structures such as the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It concludes by emphasizing the important and extraordinary functions performed by the various cellular organelles.
Lesson 3 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell
This document differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler, lack a nucleus, and have DNA in a nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes. Examples are provided of specialized eukaryotic cells like liver cells, sperm cells, and mesophyll cells. The key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are outlined.
Types of microorganism
The document discusses different types of microorganisms. It describes that microorganisms are classified into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes that lack membrane-bound organelles, while Eukarya are eukaryotes that have organelles like the nucleus. The document also discusses key differences between bacterial and archaeal cell structures, as well as characteristics of different bacterial shapes, cell walls, staining, growth cycles, and nutrient requirements.
Bacteria lec
Microorganisms can be classified into three kingdoms: plants, animals, and protists. The kingdom protists includes unicellular microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Bacteria and archaebacteria are types of prokaryotes, while fungi, algae, protozoa and slime molds are eukaryotes. Bacteria are very small, typically measuring between 2-5 micrometers, and require microscopy to be studied. Bacteria have different shapes including cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, and spirilla. The bacterial cell envelope includes a cell wall and plasma membrane that protects the cell and gives it structure and shape.
Structure of prokaryotic cell wall
This document discusses the structure of prokaryotic cell walls and Gram staining methods. It begins by describing the key components of bacterial cell walls, including peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides, and outer membranes. It then compares and contrasts the structures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls. Gram's staining method is introduced as a way to distinguish between the two types based on their ability to retain or release crystal violet dye. The document provides detailed steps for performing Gram staining and explains how it can be used to classify bacteria based on cell wall structure.
Chitin and Glucan synthesis in fungi
This document summarizes the structure and composition of fungal cell walls. It notes that fungal cell walls contain chitin, glucans, mannans, and glycoproteins. Chitin and glucans make up the main structural components. Glucans can be beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,6-glucan or mixed linkages. Chitin is synthesized by chitin synthase and glucans by the glucan synthase complex. Inhibitors of these enzymes' activities are a target for antifungal drug development.
Cell biology owerPoint Presentation.pptx
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and a plasma membrane. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall primarily of peptidoglycan, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission and can also exchange genetic material through transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and surrounds the prokaryotic cell.
Structure of prokaryotic cell.pptx
Prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane-bound organelles and have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region. They are surrounded by a cell membrane and many also have a cell wall and capsule. The cell membrane contains proteins and phospholipids and invaginations called mesosomes. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, plasmids, and in some species, structures like chromatophores. Some prokaryotes also contain flagella, pili, or fimbriae.
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Chap 2 fungal cell
The fungal cell wall is composed of various components that give shape, strength, and protection to fungi. The main components are chitin, glucan, and proteins. Chitin is a nitrogenous polysaccharide made of N-acetylglucosamine that forms microfibrils providing structure. Glucan is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers linked by beta glycosidic bonds that is a major component of fungal cell walls. Glycoproteins and proteins are also embedded in the cell wall matrix and contain carbohydrates. Together these components form the primary wall and secondary wall layers that define fungal cells.
Bacterial Cell Structure
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms between 0.2-2.0 μm in diameter that lack membrane-bound organelles. They have a gelatinous capsule surrounding a cell wall, and motile bacteria possess a flagellum to aid movement. Bacterial DNA is located in a circular chromosome that may be attached to the cell membrane via the mesosome, as well as smaller independent plasmids.
CELL STRUCRURE
Prokaryotic cells are the earliest cells to evolve and lack membrane-bound organelles. They have genetic material located in the cytoplasm and ribosomes as their only organelle. Bacterial cells have a cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm containing ribosomes and nucleoid, and sometimes a mesosome. Eukaryotic cells evolved later and have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. They include membrane-bound structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and a cytoskeleton. Plant cells also have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
Structure of bacterial cell
Bacteria are microscopic, prokaryotic organisms that lack nuclei in their cells. They vary in size from 0.2-2 micrometers in diameter and 0.5-5 micrometers in length, though some large bacteria can be seen with the naked eye. Bacteria come in four basic shapes - bacillus (rod-like), coccus (spherical or ovoid), vibrio (comma-shaped), and spirilla (spiral or helical). They can exist as single cells or in various arrangements like chains or clusters depending on how they divide and remain attached after division. Their small size gives bacteria a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing for rapid nutrient absorption and waste removal.
Lesson 1 Teacher Lecture
This document provides information about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and divides cells into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are larger, have a nucleus that contains linear DNA, and membrane-bound organelles. They include animal cells which lack cell walls and plant cells which have cell walls and chloroplasts. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, have circular DNA, and lack a nucleus and organelles. Examples are bacteria and archaea. The document compares key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell Of Bacteria
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have no nucleus. They contain genetic material in the form of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 micrometers in diameter. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that encloses prokaryotic cells and is composed of phospholipids and proteins arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and are composed of RNA and protein. Inclusion bodies are insoluble protein aggregates that form in bacteria when they are forced to overproduce foreign proteins.
Analyzing the different organelles in eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells thro...
Analyzing the different organelles in Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic cells through their functions (List of organelles, structure, composition, diagram, charts, functions) by Engr. Umair Raza
Introduction structure
This document provides an overview of microbiology concepts including:
1) It lists common human pathogens and notes that 61% are zoonotic.
2) It discusses the office hours, labs, and lectures for a microbiology course.
3) It summarizes key discoveries and advances in microbiology, infectious disease, and molecular biology from the 18th century to present.
4. distinguish bw eukaryoticand prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have membrane-bound structures and store their DNA in a nucleoid region. The key differences are that eukaryotic cells are generally larger, more complex, and multicellular, whereas prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler and mostly unicellular. Eukaryotic DNA is also linear and contained in the nucleus, versus prokaryotic DNA being circular.
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms without membrane-bound organelles that include bacteria and archaea. They have distinct characteristics like DNA that is not enclosed in a nucleus, lack of histones, and cell sizes typically between 1-5 micrometers. Prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission and have various internal structures like ribosomes, cytoplasmic membrane, and nucleoid containing DNA. They also have external structures such as flagella, pili, and capsules that provide motility and attachment abilities. The cell wall and plasma membrane serve as protective barriers around the cell.
2. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
All living cells can be classified as
Prokaryotes cells: pre-nucleus
the Greek words pro (before) and karyon (nucleus).
All prokaryotes are:
single-celled organisms and all are bacteria.
Microscopic
cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed structures.
Bacterial anatomy and its component
This document discusses the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It notes that prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria, are much smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells as they lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The document outlines the structures found in typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides diagrams of a bacterial and animal cell. It also compares characteristics such as cell walls, chromosomes, and modes of cell division.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea are much simpler than eukaryotic cells. They are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have no nucleus, and have circular DNA not contained within a nucleus. In contrast, eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi are larger, have organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus that contains linear DNA. They have more complex structures that allow for specialized functions.
Architechture of microbial cell
This document discusses the structure of microbial cells. It describes prokaryotic cells as being much smaller than eukaryotic cells, and lacking membrane-bound organelles. The key structures of bacterial cells are identified as the capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, flagella, pili and cytoplasm. The cell wall provides structure and protection, and its composition differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Viruses are also discussed and described as acellular structures made of nucleic acids surrounded by protein coats.
Ppt presentation on cell types, structure and functions (1)
This document provides an overview of cell types, structures, and functions. It begins by outlining the cell theory and defining cells. It then distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells. The document proceeds to describe various cellular structures such as the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It concludes by emphasizing the important and extraordinary functions performed by the various cellular organelles.
Lesson 3 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell
This document differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler, lack a nucleus, and have DNA in a nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes. Examples are provided of specialized eukaryotic cells like liver cells, sperm cells, and mesophyll cells. The key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are outlined.
Types of microorganism
The document discusses different types of microorganisms. It describes that microorganisms are classified into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes that lack membrane-bound organelles, while Eukarya are eukaryotes that have organelles like the nucleus. The document also discusses key differences between bacterial and archaeal cell structures, as well as characteristics of different bacterial shapes, cell walls, staining, growth cycles, and nutrient requirements.
Bacteria lec
Microorganisms can be classified into three kingdoms: plants, animals, and protists. The kingdom protists includes unicellular microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Bacteria and archaebacteria are types of prokaryotes, while fungi, algae, protozoa and slime molds are eukaryotes. Bacteria are very small, typically measuring between 2-5 micrometers, and require microscopy to be studied. Bacteria have different shapes including cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, and spirilla. The bacterial cell envelope includes a cell wall and plasma membrane that protects the cell and gives it structure and shape.
Structure of prokaryotic cell wall
This document discusses the structure of prokaryotic cell walls and Gram staining methods. It begins by describing the key components of bacterial cell walls, including peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides, and outer membranes. It then compares and contrasts the structures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls. Gram's staining method is introduced as a way to distinguish between the two types based on their ability to retain or release crystal violet dye. The document provides detailed steps for performing Gram staining and explains how it can be used to classify bacteria based on cell wall structure.
Chitin and Glucan synthesis in fungi
This document summarizes the structure and composition of fungal cell walls. It notes that fungal cell walls contain chitin, glucans, mannans, and glycoproteins. Chitin and glucans make up the main structural components. Glucans can be beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,6-glucan or mixed linkages. Chitin is synthesized by chitin synthase and glucans by the glucan synthase complex. Inhibitors of these enzymes' activities are a target for antifungal drug development.
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Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and a plasma membrane. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall primarily of peptidoglycan, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission and can also exchange genetic material through transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and surrounds the prokaryotic cell.
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Prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane-bound organelles and have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region. They are surrounded by a cell membrane and many also have a cell wall and capsule. The cell membrane contains proteins and phospholipids and invaginations called mesosomes. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, plasmids, and in some species, structures like chromatophores. Some prokaryotes also contain flagella, pili, or fimbriae.
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The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells, which are simpler and found in single-celled organisms like bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which are larger and more complex and found in organisms like plants and animals. All cells contain DNA, cytoplasm and organelles that perform essential functions. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and exits, while organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts have specialized roles like housing DNA and generating energy.
Bacterial morphology and classification
Bacteria have a variety of shapes and structures. They are classified based on their cellular organization as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Bacterial cells have an outer cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. The cell wall provides shape and rigidity, while the membrane encloses the cytoplasm. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall compared to Gram-negatives. Some bacteria possess flagella for motility, pili for adhesion, capsules for protection, and can form spores as resistant structures. Bacterial morphology and structures are important for classification, function, and pathogenesis.
Ppt
Plant cells have several structures that are similar but also different than animal cells. The main parts of a plant cell include the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chromosomes, and plasmodesmata. The nucleus contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell. Surrounding the cell membrane is a tough but flexible cell wall that provides structural support and protection to the cell. Plasmodesmata are channels that allow molecules to travel between neighboring plant cells.
Cell structure.pptx
This document discusses cell structure and types of cells. It begins by defining the cell as the basic unit of life and describes both single-celled and multicellular organisms. The structures and organelles of cells are then outlined, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles. The two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - are also summarized. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
Cell structure.pptx
This document discusses cell structure and types of cells. It begins by defining the cell as the basic unit of life and describes single-celled and multicellular organisms. The components of cells are then outlined, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles. The two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - are also summarized. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
Activity 1 c1
This document contains the answers to an activity on biochemistry and cell organization submitted by a student named Maricris P. Nebiar. It defines several key terms related to cells and organelles. It also lists 5 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, identifies which organelles contain DNA, are sites of energy production, and are surrounded by a double membrane. Finally, it summarizes the advantages of eukaryotic cells over prokaryotic cells and explains why a claim of discovering mitochondria in bacteria is unlikely.
1_prokaryote and eukaryote.pptx
Prokaryotic cells have a simpler structure than eukaryotic cells and lack membrane-bound organelles. They have a cell wall and plasma membrane, but interior structures like the cytoplasm lack internal membranes. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Some prokaryotes like bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall, while others like archaea have different cell wall compositions. Surface structures can include flagella, pili, or fimbriae. Binary fission is how prokaryotes replicate.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
All living organism can be categorized as prokaryotes or eukaryotes according to their cell type. This article deals with detailed about prokaryotes and eukaryotes with examples and figures and their similarities and dissimilarities.
cell biology, cell theory, bacterial cell
The document summarizes key information about cell biology. It discusses how Robert Hooke first observed cells and coined the term in 1665. It then outlines the modern cell theory which states that all living things are made up of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells contain DNA. The document also provides details on bacterial cell walls, differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, bacterial cell structures like the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, and plasmids. Finally, it briefly discusses the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane proposed in 1972.
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5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Prokaryoic Cell
- 2. International Medical University Presentation of Biology Presented by: Chauhdary Muhammad Touqeer & Seemab Zahid Submitted to: Dr. Ainagul Jalilova Group # 25
- 3. TITLE: THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PROKARYOTES. THE PROPERTIES OF PROKARYOTIC CELL
- 4. PROKARYOTIC CELL: PROKARYOTIC CELL IS THE PRIMITIVE TYPE OF CELL THAT LACKS MEMBRANE BOUNDED ORGANELLES INCLUDING NUCLUES , MITOCHONDRIA ETC. THE PROKARYOTE WORD IS DRIVED FROM TWO GREEK WORDS “PRO” AND “KARYOV” ITS IS DIVIDED INTO TWO DOMAINS i.e. “ARCHAE” & “BACTERIA”
- 6. MAIN COMPONENTS: Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasmid Flagella
- 7. The Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane is a thin lipid bilayer (6 to 8 nanometers) that completely surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. Its selectively-permeable nature keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules within the cell, preventing them from diffusing into the extracellular environment, while other molecules may move through the membrane. The general structure of a cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer composed of two layers of lipid molecules.
- 9. CELL WALL: The cell wall is a protective layer that surrounds some cells and gives them shape and rigidity. The chemical composition of the cell walls varies between Achaea and bacteria. It also varies between bacterial species. Cell walls contain peptidoglycan composed of polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked
- 10. Types of prokaryotic cell on the basis of cell wall: Gram positive : Gram-positive organisms typically lack the outer membrane found in gram- negative organisms and contain a large amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, roughly 90%. Gram negative : Gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall composed of a few layers of peptidoglycan.
- 11. Capsule Capsule is an extra layering on a prokaryotic cell It provides protection to the cell It provides the virulence factors It provides protection against immune system of other organisms It helps in attachment. There is another factor that helps in attachment which is called Pilli.
- 12. Nucleoid: In prokaryotic cell there is no membrane bounded nucleus. The chromatin material floats in the center of the cell called nucleoid. It is an irregularly shaped region.
- 13. Plasmid: A circle of double stranded DNA that is separate from the chromosomes. It is found in the Bacteria & Protozoa. It is used in Genetic engineering.
- 14. Ribosomes: Ribosomes Are the organelles which makes proteins On the basis of information provided by DNA . The difference of ribosomes of prokaryotes with the eukaryotes is of size (30s smaller part & 50s of greater part whereas “S” is Sediments.
- 16. Flagella: Flagella is a whip-like structure present outside of the prokaryotic cell. It help in the movement of the cell.