Introduction about Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

1. by SONIT KUMARI

2.  Pro means old, karyon means nucleus
 Lack few organelles and not advanced as eukaryotes.
 Organelles are not membrane bound (if any present).
 Simple, small cells (0.5-3µm).
 Do not have well defined nucleus (nucleoid).
 Cell wall present (peptidoglycan).
 Single origin of replication.
 Examples:- Archaea, Bacteria.

4. 1
•Glycocalyx
2
•Nucleoid
3
•Pilus
4
•Mesosomes
5
•Flagellum
6
•Cell wall
7
•Fimbriae
8
•Inclusion/Granules
9
•Ribosomes
10
•Cell membranes
11
•Endospores

5.  Eu means new, karyon means nucleus.
 Advanced type of cells found in plant, animal and fungi
 Can be single cell and multiple cell.
 Larger in size (2-100µm).
 Cell wall absent, if present (plant and fungi cells) comprise of cellulose.
 Multiple origin of replication
 Examples:- Plants and animals.
Eukaryotic cells

7. 1
•Nucleus
2
•Cytoplasm
3
•Surface structure
4
•Cell wall
5
•Plasma membranes
6
•Cytoskeleton
7
•Golgi apparatus
8
•Endoplasmic reticulum
9
•Ribosomes
10
•Mitochondria
11
•Lysosomes & Peroxisomes

8. Features Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
Kind of cells Single Multicellular/single
Size 0.5-3 µm 2-100 µm
Cell wall Cell wall present
comprise of
peptidoglycan
Cell wall absent, if
present (plant cells &
fungus) comprises of
cellulose
Shape of DNA Circular double
stranded DNA
Linear, double-
stranded
Mitochondria Absent Present
Ribosomes 70s 80s
Golgi apparatus Absent Present
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Absent Present

9. Features Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
Lysosomes &
peroxisomes
Absent Present
Chloroplast Absent
(scattered in the
cytoplasm)
Present in plants, algae
Transcription &
Translation
Occurs together Transcription occurs in
nucleus & translation in
cytosol
Organelles Organelles are not
membrane bound
(if present any)
Organelles are membrane
bound and are specific in
function
Replication Single origin of
replication
Multiple origin of
replication
No. of chromosomes Only one
(not true called as a
plasmid)
More than one
Examples Archaea, Bacteria Plants, animals, human,
yeast