This document summarizes a civil engineering project on strengthening recycled concrete columns with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). It includes a literature review on recycled concrete aggregates and FRP strengthening techniques. An experimental program involved testing recycled and natural aggregates, designing concrete mixes, casting concrete columns, and strengthening columns with FRP. Columns were strengthened with full, half, and strip FRP wrapping. Testing showed that columns with half and strip wrapping achieved higher load capacities than the control column, demonstrating FRP is effective for strengthening recycled concrete columns.
Experimental Study on Performance of Recycled Concrete Aggregate as Course Ag...IOSR Journals
One of the construction sector’s major contributions to the preservation of the environment and
sustainable development is the reuse and recycling of the waste materials it generates (reducing, reusing,
recycling and regenerating the residues that originate the constructive activity). One way of achieving this is to
introduce recycled aggregates from construction and demolition debris and rubble into the production processes.
This increases the life cycle of these materials, thereby reducing the amount of waste dumping and natural
resource extraction.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRET...IAEME Publication
The use of recycled aggregates (RA) for structural concrete in construction, to the maximum possible limit, is becoming a necessity more than a desire. One such mechanical property, shear resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams is an intensive area of research. Three parameters i.e. compressive strength, percentage of tension steel and shear span to depth ratio were considered. An attempt has been made to study shear strength of RA concrete beams of M 20 grade with 25 and 50 % weight replacement of natural aggregate (NA) with recycled aggregate (RA) for different shear span to depth ratios a/d = 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 with 1 % tension steel without shear reinforcement and compare the test results with the available shear models
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced High Streng...IJERD Editor
The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is gaining importance throughout the globe due to
the depleting sources of natural aggregate and disposal problem of demolished waste. The advancement in the
prestressed concrete technology and multistoried structures has given impetus for making concrete of high
strength. Also, it is well established that the fibers make concrete ductile. The aim of this research work is to
determine the suitability of glass fibers for use in structural recycled aggregate concrete of high strength. The
fresh and hardened state properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate concrete, with varying percentages
of glass fibers, are compared with the corresponding conventional aggregate concrete. The compressive, split
tensile and flexural strengths of M50 grade concrete with various replacement levels of coarse aggregate were
done . The maximum values of all these strengths were obtained at 1.5% of fiber content
Experimental Study on Performance of Recycled Concrete Aggregate as Course Ag...IOSR Journals
One of the construction sector’s major contributions to the preservation of the environment and
sustainable development is the reuse and recycling of the waste materials it generates (reducing, reusing,
recycling and regenerating the residues that originate the constructive activity). One way of achieving this is to
introduce recycled aggregates from construction and demolition debris and rubble into the production processes.
This increases the life cycle of these materials, thereby reducing the amount of waste dumping and natural
resource extraction.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRET...IAEME Publication
The use of recycled aggregates (RA) for structural concrete in construction, to the maximum possible limit, is becoming a necessity more than a desire. One such mechanical property, shear resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams is an intensive area of research. Three parameters i.e. compressive strength, percentage of tension steel and shear span to depth ratio were considered. An attempt has been made to study shear strength of RA concrete beams of M 20 grade with 25 and 50 % weight replacement of natural aggregate (NA) with recycled aggregate (RA) for different shear span to depth ratios a/d = 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 with 1 % tension steel without shear reinforcement and compare the test results with the available shear models
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced High Streng...IJERD Editor
The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is gaining importance throughout the globe due to
the depleting sources of natural aggregate and disposal problem of demolished waste. The advancement in the
prestressed concrete technology and multistoried structures has given impetus for making concrete of high
strength. Also, it is well established that the fibers make concrete ductile. The aim of this research work is to
determine the suitability of glass fibers for use in structural recycled aggregate concrete of high strength. The
fresh and hardened state properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate concrete, with varying percentages
of glass fibers, are compared with the corresponding conventional aggregate concrete. The compressive, split
tensile and flexural strengths of M50 grade concrete with various replacement levels of coarse aggregate were
done . The maximum values of all these strengths were obtained at 1.5% of fiber content
The largest-volume of recycled material used as construction aggregate is blast furnace and steel furnace slag. Blast furnace slag is either air-cooled (slow cooling in the open) or granulated (formed by quenching molten slag in water to form sand-sized glass-like particles). If the granulated blast furnace slag accesses free lime during hydration, it develops strong hydraulic cementitious properties and can partly substitute for portland cement in concrete. Steel furnace slag is also air-cooled. In 2006, according to the USGS, air-cooled blast furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 7.3 million tonnes valued at $49 million, granulated blast furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 4.2 million tonnes valued at $318 million, and steel furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 8.7 million tonnes valued at $40 million. Air-cooled blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (41%), asphaltic concrete (13%), ready-mixed concrete (16%), and the balance for other uses. Granulated blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in cementitious materials (94%), and the balance for other uses. Steel furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (51%), asphaltic concrete (12%), for fill (18%), and the balance for other uses
IRJET-Experimental Study on the Behavior of R.C.Beams and Columns with Treat...IRJET Journal
Sreejith.C.Venugopal, J.Rajprasad "Experimental Study on the Behavior of R.C.Beams and Columns with Treated Recycled Aggregate Concrete", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
The paradigm of providing eco-friendly concrete is gaining impetus in the global construction industry. The dwindling resources have made the researchers to focus on sustainable development in all areas and more particularly in concrete production, due to the high rate of growth of industries and their infrastructure development, which increase the rate of consumption of concrete. The practice of recycling of demolished concrete for use in pavements and sub grades has already seen in vogue. From review of literature it is found that studies on structural element using a concrete with demolished concrete as aggregate after an effective treatment to improve its density is scarce. In this method the effective treatment has been chosen to be the one which is proved to be effective in the previous study in the same laboratory. The study is made by varying the ratios of normal (virgin) aggregate to treated recycled aggregate as 1:0 (conventional concrete), 0.5:0.5 (mixed aggregate concrete), and 0:1 (completely treated recycled aggregate concrete) for casting and testing beams and columns and testing those for their ultimate strength. Displacements are observed using dial gauges. The comparison of strength is made and it is concluded that the normal concrete produces higher strength compared to mixed and complete treated aggregate combination concrete. However, those results vary over 10-15% and hence subject experimental variation of concrete as a material, it can be concluded that both mixing of treated aggregate with normal aggregates and use of complete treated aggregates are possible solutions that can be adopted in practice.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
A STUDY ON HIGH STRENGTH SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE ON EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS TEMP...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of concrete surface.
The largest-volume of recycled material used as construction aggregate is blast furnace and steel furnace slag. Blast furnace slag is either air-cooled (slow cooling in the open) or granulated (formed by quenching molten slag in water to form sand-sized glass-like particles). If the granulated blast furnace slag accesses free lime during hydration, it develops strong hydraulic cementitious properties and can partly substitute for portland cement in concrete. Steel furnace slag is also air-cooled. In 2006, according to the USGS, air-cooled blast furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 7.3 million tonnes valued at $49 million, granulated blast furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 4.2 million tonnes valued at $318 million, and steel furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 8.7 million tonnes valued at $40 million. Air-cooled blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (41%), asphaltic concrete (13%), ready-mixed concrete (16%), and the balance for other uses. Granulated blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in cementitious materials (94%), and the balance for other uses. Steel furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (51%), asphaltic concrete (12%), for fill (18%), and the balance for other uses
IRJET-Experimental Study on the Behavior of R.C.Beams and Columns with Treat...IRJET Journal
Sreejith.C.Venugopal, J.Rajprasad "Experimental Study on the Behavior of R.C.Beams and Columns with Treated Recycled Aggregate Concrete", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
The paradigm of providing eco-friendly concrete is gaining impetus in the global construction industry. The dwindling resources have made the researchers to focus on sustainable development in all areas and more particularly in concrete production, due to the high rate of growth of industries and their infrastructure development, which increase the rate of consumption of concrete. The practice of recycling of demolished concrete for use in pavements and sub grades has already seen in vogue. From review of literature it is found that studies on structural element using a concrete with demolished concrete as aggregate after an effective treatment to improve its density is scarce. In this method the effective treatment has been chosen to be the one which is proved to be effective in the previous study in the same laboratory. The study is made by varying the ratios of normal (virgin) aggregate to treated recycled aggregate as 1:0 (conventional concrete), 0.5:0.5 (mixed aggregate concrete), and 0:1 (completely treated recycled aggregate concrete) for casting and testing beams and columns and testing those for their ultimate strength. Displacements are observed using dial gauges. The comparison of strength is made and it is concluded that the normal concrete produces higher strength compared to mixed and complete treated aggregate combination concrete. However, those results vary over 10-15% and hence subject experimental variation of concrete as a material, it can be concluded that both mixing of treated aggregate with normal aggregates and use of complete treated aggregates are possible solutions that can be adopted in practice.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
A STUDY ON HIGH STRENGTH SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE ON EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS TEMP...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of concrete surface.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
6. Need For Recycled Aggregate:
• Concrete is the most widely used construction material across
the world. It is used in all types of civil engineering works like
infrastructure, low and high rise buildings.
• researchers and companies focus on using waste concrete as
a new construction material. It is called recycled aggregate
which can be produced by concrete crusher.
• The application of recycled aggregate has been started in a
large number of construction projects of many European,
American, Russian and Asian countries.
7. Objective OF THE Project:
• Reusing waste materials.
• To carry out different tests on recycled aggregates & natural
aggregates & compare their results.
• To reduce the impact of waste materials on environment.
• Modifying the mechanical and physical properties of
concrete in the fresh and hardened states.
9. Definition
• Recycled aggregate come from reprocessing materials that have
previously been used in construction ( by crushing concrete, and
sometimes asphalt), Recycled aggregate grains consist of original
aggregate and original mortar.
Appearance OF the Recycled Aggregate
10. Selected international experience has been
outlined here:
1. USA: Reuse the recycled aggregate in green building, Promote
in deconstruction in place of demolition
2. Japan : reused as road bed and backfilling material .
3. Scotland : The Government is working out on specifications of
recycling
11. There are two methods of producing recycled aggregate :
• At the site of the source
• In a central plant
The Production OF Recycled Aggregate
12. Comparing between advantages and
disadvantages of recycled aggregate
Advantages OF Recycled Aggregate Dis Advantages OF Recycled Aggregate
Lighter per unit of volume, which means less weight
per cubic yard, which results in a reduced cost for
materials.
Less quality (e.g. compressive strength reduces by 10-
30%).
Helps reduce the needs for gravel mining and reduces
pollution that is involved in trucking concrete
materials to and from worksites.
It has higher drying shrinkage & creep.
Less emission of carbon due to less crushing. Land, special equipment machineries are required
(more cost).
Save time, there is no waiting for material availability. Very high water absorption (up to 6%).
13. Sources OF Recycled Aggregate:
• Returned concrete that is fresh (wet) from ready mix trucks.
• Production waste at a pre-cast production facility.
• Waste from construction and demolition.
14. Properties OF Recycled Aggregate:
• Recycled concrete aggregate is angular with rough surfaces.
• RCA has higher water absorption capacity gravity.
• higher Los Angeles abrasion loss.
• often fails the sulfate soundness test, but usually passes the
magnesium soundness test.
15. Physical Properties of RCA Mixes:
• Fresh concrete made with recycled aggregate tends to be very harsh due to the
angular shape and rough surface of the aggregate, more prone to slump loss and
require higher water contents due to higher absorption of the cement paste
attached to the aggregate, and higher air contents due to the greater porosity of
the recycled aggregate themselves and to the entrained air in the original mortar
than concrete made with virgin aggregates.
Mechanical Behavior OF RCA Mixes:
• RCA aggregates may have problems with excessive mislay cracking, poor load
transfer, but generally no problems with durability if proper steps are taken to
combat D-cracking, freeze-thaw and ASR susceptibility.
16. Usage OF Recycled Concrete:
Landscape materials
Aggregate base course or the base of a road
Ready mix concreteSoil stabilization
Pipe bedding
17. Methods OF Strengthening:
Strengthening using steel
jackets
Strengthening using RC
jackets
Strengthening by using FRP
18. Strengthening BY Using FRP
• FRP composite materials are comprised of high
strength continuous fibers, such as glass, carbon,
embedded in a polymer matrix.
• The fibers provide the main reinforcing elements
while the polymer matrix acts as a binder, and
transfers loads to and between the fibers.
epoxy matrixcarbon fiber
Wrapping FRP Fabrics
around columns
glass fiber
22. The Method OF Obtaining Recycled Aggregates:
• The recycled aggregate was obtained by
crushing the cubes in the lab, which the
number of 180 cubic was broken .
• then separate the coarse and fine
aggregate by A 2.5 cm sieve and a 0.5 cm
sieve .
23. Samples Test FOR Recycled And Fresh Aggregate:
• Crushing value test (ACV).
• Bulk Density for Aggregate.
• Coarse Aggregate Specific
Gravity.
• The percentage of absorption
for aggregate.
• Sieve Analysis Test.
• The resistance of large
aggregate by.
“Los Angeles Apparatus”.
24. Crushing value test (ACV).
Recycled Aggregate
28.8%
• The sample Which is less than 30% so the sampling is good for using.
• Crushing value=Weight of passing from sieve/Total weight of sampling
25. • Aggregate passing from sieve and
retained on sieve
• Tamping sample with tamping rod
• Cylinder above base plate and
contains sample
Procedures :
26. • Sample after compression test
• Cylinder inside compression test machine
• Aggregate passing and retained from siev
27. Bulk Density for Crushed Aggregate Test.
Recycled Aggregate
1.56 ton/m3
• Bulk Density (Weight of Bowl with sample - Weight of empty bowl ) /
(Volume of Bowl)
• The lab doesn’t contain 16 liter bowl, Specified bowl is used with 20 cm
internal diameter and 22 cm outer diameter and 31 cm height.
28. • tamping the first ,the second and the final third of aggregate in bowel
• Take results from balance
Procedures:
29. Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity Test
• Apparent specific gravity = (aggregate density) / (water density )
Fresh Concrete Recycled Aggregate
2.62 Kg /L. 2.36 Kg/L.
• The used aggregate in this test should be wash with water and
empty from dusts.
30. • Wash the aggregate retained on the sieve
• submarge the sample
with water
• Weight of sample saturated with water
procedures
31. The percentage of absorption for Aggregate.
• Water absorption = [(A – B)/B] x 100%.
For Fresh Concrete For Recycled Aggregate
2.4%. 5.1%
• We used sample with 1 KG in stead of 2.5KG.
• The aggregates should then be placed in an oven at a temperature
of 100 to 110° C for 24hrs
32. • Put sample inside oven
• Sample is submerged for 24 hours
Procedures:
33. • Drying sample on piece of cloth
Procedures:
• Leave sample in water for 24 hour
35. • Sieve the sample on all standard sieves
• preparing sample for drying
• Part of sample retained on the largest sieve
Procedure:
36. the resistance of large aggregate by
“Los Angeles Apparatus”
Recycled Aggregate
26.333%.
• The value of the abrasion using the Los Angeles machine should not
exceed 20% for stone and 30% for breaking stones.
• Ab=((W1-W2)/W1)*100%
• W1= Total weight
• W2 = Weight of sample after leaving Los angeles device , passing through
standard sieve 16 mm & 1.7 mm , washed and leave it to dry .
37. • Wash the sample
• Sample inside the oven
• Sample after exiting from oven
38. • weight the sample
• Los Angeles Apparatus
• Sample after abrasion
procedures
40. CONCRETE MIX DESGIN
• To make concrete mix design we use British code and mix
proportion as shown :
• This mix was performed twice :
1- with admixture
2- with out admixture
For Cement Water Coarse Agg. Fine Agg.
M3(kg) 503 751 1219.05 715.95
0.5 m3(kg) 175 87.5 609.5 358
43. Results:
Concrete mix with admixture Concrete mix without
admixture
Slump test 63.5 mm 35 mm
Average Fcu after 7 days 324.7 kgcm2 260 kgcm2
Average Fcu after 28 days 361.06 kgcm2
328.9 kgcm2
44. Concrete mix with admixture Concrete mix without admixture
Tensile splitting strength 29.5 kg/cm2 32.1 kg/cm2
Fcu- for cylinders 201 kg/ cm2 219 kg/ cm2
Modules of elasticity (E) 107850.5 Kg/cm2 121218.5 Kg/cm2
45. modulus of elasticity For first mix
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.00315 0.0002.97 0.000476 0.000656 0.000892 0.00125 0.00154 0.00107 0.00167 0.00642
Stress(N/mm)
Strain
46. Modulus of elasticity for second mix
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.000178 0.000535 0.00196 0.0025 0.00315 0.00398 0.00416 0.0047
Stress(N/mm)
Strain
50. Steps of casting and columns reinforcement:
1. The work is drawing on the AutoCAD
51. 2. The reinforcing steel was cut with
the required dimensions.
3. Preparing the cables and caps.
52. 4. Preparing the wrenches and
preparing wrenches and connect
them together
5.After the tests on the cubes we
will cast columns.
6. Dumping with electric
vibration.
53. 8. The columns were left in the air
and treated 14 days in water
(by wet cloth).
7.The cylinders and cubes were
immersed in the water for
treatment.
55. Definitions
• The primary function of fiber reinforcement is to carry load.
• FRP composites are different from traditional construction
materials.
56. Physical Properties
• Density: from 75 to 130 lb/ft3
• Coefficient of thermal expansion: depending on the types of
fiber.
• Effects of high temperatures: Support Some Load at
Temperatures exceeding 1800 °F for Carbon Fibers, and 350°F
for Aramid Fibers.
• Tensile Behavior: FRP materials do not exhibit any plastic
behavior.
• Compressive Behavior: bonded FRP systems should not be used
Mechanical Properties
58. Strengthening of Rc Columns By FRP
• FRP sheets or encasement can be used to increase the axial
load.
• The use of confinement increases the lateral pressure on
the member.
• Confinement is less effective for rectangular and square
than circular shape RC columns.
63. Mixing ratios of polyster mortar cubes:
• So we choose 1:3 because it is the best.
Mixing ratio Result
1:3 435.7 kgcm2
1:4 423.8 kgcm2
1:5 385.3 kgcm2
64. Fibers:
• To know the number of layers
needed for the strengthen
process, we have made samples
of frp (15*60 cm2) (one layer,
two layers & three layers)
65. Working steps for strengthening columns:
1-Scratching the surface of Columns & Prepare polyester mortar
66. 2- Place the mortar in a roughening place & Leave the mortar to dry
72. Result analysis:
0
500
1000
1500
REF STR HALF FULL
Series1 1197.7 1240.8 1176.3 1032
Pult.(KN)
Strengthening Type
Relation between load and strengthening type