The document summarizes the kickoff of a project to install the Caribbean's largest PV-diesel hybrid and energy storage system on the island of St. Eustatius. It discusses (1) the challenge of high diesel costs for electricity generation and the decision to invest in solar PV and battery storage, (2) preparing a tender and selecting a consortium to execute the project, (3) overseeing execution including final system procurement, and (4) initial performance monitoring showing fuel savings above targets and stable grid operation with high solar penetration. The future may include expanding the system and integrating more renewable energy.
Umpp(ultra mega power plant and international bidding )Gurparvesh kaur
slide2-background With India being a country of chronic power deficits, the Government of India has planned to provide "power for all" by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012).
This would entail the creation of an additional capacity of at least 100,000 MW by 2012
Ultra Mega Power projects, each with a capacity of 4000 MW or above, are being developed with the aim of bridging this gap
Launched by Ministry of Power in 2005-06
slide3-Central government has taken the initiative under tariff based competitive bidding route using super critical technology on BOO basis
Central Electricity Authority is the technical partner & Power finance corporation is the nodal agency
Separate SPVs were provided for each project to undertake project development activities including bid process management
In addition to Ultra Mega thermal power Projects, Ministry of Power is also taking steps for bringing up large Hydro Projects and large size Transmission Projects on the fast track
slide4-role of ministry - Ministry of Power to be facilitator for coordination with concerned Ministries/ agencies and State Government for ensuring:
Coal block allotment for pithead projects
Environment/ forest clearances
Facilitate acquisition of land
Required support from State Govt. & its agencies
To facilitate proper payment security mechanism with State Govt./ State utilities
slide5-concept Setting up of large projects of 4000 MW at a single location: ensuring economies of scale
Award of projects to developer through tariff based competitive bidding : ensuring cheaper power
Utilization of super critical technology: ensuring higher efficiency and lower CO2 emissions
slide 7-PROVISION OF ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003
Provides that regulatory commissions shall adopt the tariff if it is determined through transparent process of bidding accordance with guidelines issued by central government
Aims at moving away from cost plus approach for tariff determination & expected to encourage private sector investment
slide8-national electricity policy-Aim of this policy is to supply reliable & quality power of specified standard in an efficient manner & at reasonable rates
Policy recognizes that competition will bring significant benefits to consumers
Policy stipulates that all efforts will need to bring the power industry as early as possible in the overall interest of consumers
slide9-Access to Electricity Available for all households in next five years.
Availability of Power Demand to be fully met by 2012.
Shortages to be overcome and spinning reserve to be available.
Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.
Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/ household/day as a merit good by year 2012.
Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity Sector
slide 10-electric tariff policy
slide11-20 international bidding comparison with national bidding
B4 - Quantum Power - Menengai 35MW Geothermal Project Nakuru County, KenyaIceland Geothermal
David Carroll, Quantum Power, Business Development Director
Iceland Geothermal Conference 2018 - Breaking the Barriers
24 - 27 April, 2018, Harpa, Reykjavík
The Transmission Annual Planning Report (TAPR) Forum provides advanced information to National Electricity Market participants and interested parties on NSW energy demand projections; emerging constraints in the NSW network, information on completed, committed and planned expansion, and proposed network developments over the next five years.
Umpp(ultra mega power plant and international bidding )Gurparvesh kaur
slide2-background With India being a country of chronic power deficits, the Government of India has planned to provide "power for all" by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012).
This would entail the creation of an additional capacity of at least 100,000 MW by 2012
Ultra Mega Power projects, each with a capacity of 4000 MW or above, are being developed with the aim of bridging this gap
Launched by Ministry of Power in 2005-06
slide3-Central government has taken the initiative under tariff based competitive bidding route using super critical technology on BOO basis
Central Electricity Authority is the technical partner & Power finance corporation is the nodal agency
Separate SPVs were provided for each project to undertake project development activities including bid process management
In addition to Ultra Mega thermal power Projects, Ministry of Power is also taking steps for bringing up large Hydro Projects and large size Transmission Projects on the fast track
slide4-role of ministry - Ministry of Power to be facilitator for coordination with concerned Ministries/ agencies and State Government for ensuring:
Coal block allotment for pithead projects
Environment/ forest clearances
Facilitate acquisition of land
Required support from State Govt. & its agencies
To facilitate proper payment security mechanism with State Govt./ State utilities
slide5-concept Setting up of large projects of 4000 MW at a single location: ensuring economies of scale
Award of projects to developer through tariff based competitive bidding : ensuring cheaper power
Utilization of super critical technology: ensuring higher efficiency and lower CO2 emissions
slide 7-PROVISION OF ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003
Provides that regulatory commissions shall adopt the tariff if it is determined through transparent process of bidding accordance with guidelines issued by central government
Aims at moving away from cost plus approach for tariff determination & expected to encourage private sector investment
slide8-national electricity policy-Aim of this policy is to supply reliable & quality power of specified standard in an efficient manner & at reasonable rates
Policy recognizes that competition will bring significant benefits to consumers
Policy stipulates that all efforts will need to bring the power industry as early as possible in the overall interest of consumers
slide9-Access to Electricity Available for all households in next five years.
Availability of Power Demand to be fully met by 2012.
Shortages to be overcome and spinning reserve to be available.
Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.
Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/ household/day as a merit good by year 2012.
Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity Sector
slide 10-electric tariff policy
slide11-20 international bidding comparison with national bidding
B4 - Quantum Power - Menengai 35MW Geothermal Project Nakuru County, KenyaIceland Geothermal
David Carroll, Quantum Power, Business Development Director
Iceland Geothermal Conference 2018 - Breaking the Barriers
24 - 27 April, 2018, Harpa, Reykjavík
The Transmission Annual Planning Report (TAPR) Forum provides advanced information to National Electricity Market participants and interested parties on NSW energy demand projections; emerging constraints in the NSW network, information on completed, committed and planned expansion, and proposed network developments over the next five years.
Energy, Nuclear & Sustainable Power: Stuart Klosinski, Furness Economic Devel...Place North West
Project and programme manager, Stuart Klosinski, at Furness Economic Development Forum gives an overview of the energy sector in south Cumbria, exploring where the opportunities are and how the FEDF fits in.
Conferencia: “Energías Renovables Marinas: Retos y oportunidades”, a cargo de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
TECNALIA #Perspectives2016 “Industria y Tecnología: Las oportunidades de la energía en el mar” es el título del evento que contó con la participación de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
También contamos con una mesa redonda de lujo de la mano de expertos de ORE CATAPULT, ADWEN, BIMEP, IBERDROLA, NAUTILUS, SINTEF, VICINAY, e investigadores de TECNALIA. Con ellos pudimos adentrarnos en las oportunidades de negocio que se derivan de la Energía en el Mar y las claves del impacto que esta tendrá en nuestro tejido empresarial.
Más información en http://www.tecnalia.com
"You miss 100 percent of the shots you don't take."
- Wayne Gretzky, NHL Hall of Fame, “The Great One”
“If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.”
- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Energy, Nuclear & Sustainable Power: Stuart Klosinski, Furness Economic Devel...Place North West
Project and programme manager, Stuart Klosinski, at Furness Economic Development Forum gives an overview of the energy sector in south Cumbria, exploring where the opportunities are and how the FEDF fits in.
Conferencia: “Energías Renovables Marinas: Retos y oportunidades”, a cargo de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
TECNALIA #Perspectives2016 “Industria y Tecnología: Las oportunidades de la energía en el mar” es el título del evento que contó con la participación de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
También contamos con una mesa redonda de lujo de la mano de expertos de ORE CATAPULT, ADWEN, BIMEP, IBERDROLA, NAUTILUS, SINTEF, VICINAY, e investigadores de TECNALIA. Con ellos pudimos adentrarnos en las oportunidades de negocio que se derivan de la Energía en el Mar y las claves del impacto que esta tendrá en nuestro tejido empresarial.
Más información en http://www.tecnalia.com
"You miss 100 percent of the shots you don't take."
- Wayne Gretzky, NHL Hall of Fame, “The Great One”
“If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.”
- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Root cause analysis of The Concorde (Air France Flight 4590) crash, that occurred in Paris in 2000. This document will be updated.
Air France Flight 4590 was a Concorde flight operated by Air France which was scheduled to fly from Charles de Gaulle Airport near Paris, to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. On 25 July 2000, it crashed into a hotel in Gonesse, France. All one hundred passengers and nine crew members on board the flight died. On the ground, four people were killed and one critically injured.
This is a PR case study presentation to COM359 Media Writing class at the UW.
Sponsored by Renault in 2002 (and again in 2007) and supported by the Ministry of Education and the Department of Motor Vehicles, I designed and produced a safe driving training film. My film has been used as a training tool in two thousand driving schools in Turkey, where approximately one million candidates earn their license annually.
The Other 99% of a Data Science ProjectEugene Mandel
Slides from my talk at Open Data Science Conference 2016.
Algorithms and models are an important (and cool) part of data science. This talk is about all the other steps that it takes to deploy a data science project that makes a product slightly smarter. Stuff that you hear from practitioners, but is not covered well enough in books.
Presented at the Western Power Summit on November 6, 2014 during a panel discussion on "California’s Energy Storage Directive and Implications for the West".
U.S. Energy Storage Monitor: 2015 Year in Review Executive SummaryPrivate Consultants
U.S. Energy Storage Monitor:
2015 Year in Review Executive Summary
U.S. Energy Storage Monitor is a quarterly publication of GTM Research and the Energy Storage
Association (ESA). Each quarter, we gather data on U.S. energy storage deployments, prices, policies,
regulations and business models. We compile this information into this report, which is intended to
provide the most comprehensive, timely analysis of energy storage in the U.S.
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage and Grid Integration Workshop: Energy Storage Trends and Challenges, New Mexico's Numerous Contributions presented by Steve Willard, Electric Power Research Institute, August 23-24, 2016
1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docxpaynetawnya
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
!
"#
$
%&
=
Efficiency
Factor
!
"#
$
%&
×
Power
Wind
!
"#
$
%&
P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
Status of North American CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects - presentation by Adam Berger in the International CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Island States: Renewable Energy Policy PioneersLeonardo ENERGY
This session is part of the Clean Energy Regulators Initiative Webinar Programme.
Theme 9 - Energy Access
Module 4 - Island States
As the cost of renewable energy technologies (RETs) has declined in recent years, many jurisdictions around the world are now faced with a market in which customer-sited generation is cheaper than power from the grid, a transformation that will have significant implications for renewable electricity (RE) development in the years ahead. Rather than paying a cost-based price for RE generation (as under many feed-in tariffs), or allowing onsite generation to be credited at the full retail rate (as under net metering) – two common approaches in mainland markets – island jurisdictions are beginning to introduce new kinds of policies to adapt to a world in which customer-sited RETs can generate power more cost-effectively than centralized supply options. Nowhere is this transformation more apparent than in island grids, where imported diesel and/or heavy fuel oil often result in generation costs above USD $0.50/kWh.
As this innovation advances, island jurisdictions are becoming policy laboratories, showcasing new ways of attempting to balance the solvency of the electricity system (including generation, transmission, and distribution) with the rapid rise of customer-sited generation. In the process, this webinar will examine whether island jurisdictions are indeed pointing the way forward, and if so, what it could mean for the future of renewable electricity policy.
World Energy Situation and 21st Century Coal PowerJeffrey Phillips
An overview of the current power market in the US and the impact it may have on other parts of the world. This was first presented at a workshop held at the University of Tokyo in Japan on Feb 25, 2014
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Project case study st. eustatius pv hybrid system (cuvalay)
1. Kickoff Projekt „Cobija, BO“
CARIBBEAN LARGEST PV-DIESEL HYBRID
AND ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
ST EUSTATIUS (PHASE I)
Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
2. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Agenda
2
I.
II.
The Challenge and Options
The Preparation and decision
III. Execution
IV. Monitoring and Performance
V. The future
3. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
STUCO perspective
> Electric Power supply in St. Eustatius (Statia) is provided by STUCO, owned 100%
by the Government of Statia and independently managed by a Managing Director
under supervision of a Board of Commissioners
> Up to 2015, 100% depending on fossil fuel. (5.3 MVA diesel gensets capacity)
> More than 75% STUCO income was going for operational cost
> 2015 Statia’s grid key facts:
• 1.6MW average demand
• 2.3MW peak demand
• 13.6GWh Energy demand
• 3.6M diesel liters consum.
3
Something needed to be done. Government?
I. The Challenge and Options
4. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Dutch government Starting position
> The Netherlands Antilles split up in 2010
> Up to 2010 St Maarten subsidized electricity
on St. Eustatius and Saba
> St. Eustatius and Saba split from the much
larger St. Maarten electricity company
> Without subsidy, electricity prices would rise
unacceptably on St. Eustatius and Saba.
> Dutch government promised support:
• Financially healthy electricity companies
on St. Eustatius and Saba
• Consumer rates not higher than before
split
4
This meant diesel costs shall decrease.
I. The Challenge and Options
5. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Dutch government Vision
> Task: Decrease operational costs for
power production derived from high
diesel costs
> Standing policy: No subsidy for fossil
fuel
> Solution: Subsidy for investment in
durable clean energy (no CO2
emissions)
> Durable options initially approached
were wind and solar
5
But, is it a business case?
I. The Challenge and Options
Time
Electricity
Cost
Today
Source: SMA Solar Technology
6. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Dutch Government, Driver for change
> The drivers for the Dutch government are political/social: new organisation of the
Kingdom and electricity rates for Dutch citizens in St. Eustatius and Saba
> Still, there is a business case
• At 2014 oil prices, the solar farm and battery system earns it self back in approx.
6 years
• At 2016 oil prices, the system earns it self back in approx. 11 years, while
warranty on performance is much longer for most parts of the solar farm
• At 2018 oil prices, …… ? We don’t know. But we are safe if oil prices rise
> In other words:
• Use low oil costs to finance durable investments NOW
• Think who will be smiling last when oil price go up
6
How to decide better durable clean energy to decrease operational costs in Statia ?
I. The Challenge and Options
7. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Agenda
7
I.
II.
The Challenge and Options
The Preparation and decision
III. Execution
IV. Monitoring and Performance
V. The future
8. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Preparing tender for solar project
> After considering wind at first, solar was chosen due to the following reasons:
8
RFP?
II. The Preparation and decision
> Wind:
• High risk for hurricane as located
Hurricane belt
• Assessment and project execution
larger in general compared to solar
• Market research showed few cases
or difficulty to control at high
penetration
• Grid connection costly/distance and
transport to site poses
> Solar:
• Costs going down more drastically in
the last years
• Modular expansion possible,
possibility to add more PV and
Energy Storage per phases
• Grid connection of PV array location
less costly/closer to existing grid
• Low maintenance as compared to
running diesel engines
9. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Preparing RFP for solar project
> Feasibility study engaged May 2014
• Size of the park 2 MWp Solar Park with minimum energy yield 3.2GWh first year
• Solar penetration larger than 50%, therefore Energy Storage to provide grid
stability and load shifting needed
• Technical capability of the industry to deliver
• Financial justification
> RFP final March 2015
• Consultants: Oxperts
• Requirements, net energy supply to the grid
• Minimum requirements for panels, batteries and inverters
• Delivery time
• Completeness of proposal
9
Decision? Who?
II. The Preparation and decision
10. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Selecting the right proposal
> Criteria for selecting best proposal
• Compliance with the tender procedure; functional and technical requirements
• Investment cost ($/kWh output)
• Experience of the bidder
• Design and landscaping
• Proposal quality and soundness
> Consortium awarded Sunshine Real State NV / EcoEnergy NV / SMA Sunbelt
GmbH
• Consortium with local and international experience. More than 80 hybrid projects
worldwide (SMA Fuel Save Controller) and Energy Storage Solution
• Proven components and support from manufacturers SMA / Schletter /
Suntech.
• Comprehensive proposal, clear sizing and yield projection
10
How to move forward to Execution
II. The Preparation and decision
11. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Agenda
11
I.
II.
The Challenge and Options
The Preparation and decision
III. Execution
IV. Monitoring and Performance
V. The future
12. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Steps coordination
> EPC contract mid July 2015
> Payments must take place per
schedule
> Support coordination of receipt of
materials
> Support Immigration process for
specialist workforce
> Support for electricity and internet
during construction
> Logistical support for reference to
local services
> Construction began in October 2015,
commissioned March 2016
12
Final System to be procured
III. Execution
13. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Final System procured
13
SMA system solutions for hybrid applications
SMA System Technology
• SMA Fuel Save Solution incorporates the
SMA Fuel Save Controller
• 72 SMA Sunny TriPower 25000-TL-30
• 1 SMA Sunny Central Storage SCS 1000
Plant information
• Installed PV power: 1,9 MWp
• Installed battery power: 1 MW/580 kWh
• Annual yield: 3,2 GWh
• Diesel generator rating: 4 MVA
• Annual Savings expected:1,900,000
Project
• Location: St. Eustatius, NL
Antilles
• Commissioning: March 2016
The island of St. Eustatius, located in the
caribbean is fully powered by diesel
generator. By integrating 1,9 MWp of PV
power and 1 MW of batteries with SMA’s fuel
save controller, the island is able to reduce
its fossile fuel consumption by almost 30%.
Currently PV+battery penetration as high as
88% has been observed
An expansion of the existing system is
already planed and shall be installed in 2017.
Source: SMA project example
III. Execution
14. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Some challenges
> Logistics and planning
> Logistics and heavy equipment
> Purchasing Local materials
> Accommodation
> Work permits for EPC
> Long communication line from PV array
to SMA FSC at Gensets Powerhouse
14
System performance up to now?
III. Execution
15. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Agenda
15
I.
II.
The Challenge and Options
The Preparation and decision
III. Execution
IV. Monitoring and Performance
V. The future
16. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Monitoring with SMA Fuel Save Controller
16
Battery Monitoring?
IV. Monitoring and Performance
17. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Monitoring with SMA Fuel Save Controller
17
KPI’s?
IV. Monitoring and Performance
18. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
KPIs up to August
18
How it looks, a typical day performance?
IV. Monitoring and Performance
Fuel Savings (liters)
Target_annual 840,000
6 Avg_annual projection 906,684
66,684
About 10% above target
19. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Shiny day
> Beautiful but rare!
19
Typical day?
IV. Monitoring and Performance
20. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Typical day
> Battery at work!
20
What about the future?
IV. Monitoring and Performance
Energy Shifting:
discharge at end of day
When PV at Max PV, gensets o to min.
nominal genset load
Battery compenssates PV fluctuation
21. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Frequency stability. Battery delivers or absorbs power.
21
Though solar power with large penetration fluctuates, the grid frequency is stable
IV. Monitoring and Performance
22. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Agenda
22
I.
II.
The Challenge and Options
The Preparation and decision
III. Execution
IV. Monitoring and Performance
V. The future
23. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Phase II (OVERVIEW)
> Additional
• 2.25 MWp PV Grid Forming SMA PV Inverter
• 5.1 MWh Battery Storage
• Expected Renewable system share 40-46%
> Expected Diesel off-mode time (Black reflects 0 kW gensets load work)
23
Area required? Impact?
V. The Future
24. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
Solar and agriculture coexistence on same area
24
V. The Future
Bright and fossil fuel independent future for Statia!
25. Eng. Fred Cuvalay CREF. Miami, USA Oct. 2016
25
Thank you for your attention!
Jesus A. Martinez-Cantu
Jesus.Martinez@sma-america.com
Tel: +1 916 316 7234
Fred Cuvalay
cuvalay.fred@stucoeux.com
Tel: +599 318 1393
Eelco Baak
eelco@ecoenergycuracao.net
Tel +5999 684 5452
