This document discusses programming languages and development tools. It defines programming languages and categorizes them from low-level machine languages to high-level languages. Popular languages today include Visual Basic, C, C++, Java, and SQL. The document also outlines tools for application development, macros, RAD, web pages using HTML and XML, and multimedia programs.

1. Programming Language
Marisa Paryasto

2. OBJECTIVES
n Explain the differences among the categories of
programming languages
n Identify programming languages commonly used
today
n Identify the uses of application generators,
macros, and RAD tools
n Describe various Web page development tools,
including HTML, DHTML, and XML

3. WHAT IS A COMPUTER
PROGRAM?
n A set of instructions that directs a computer
to perform the tasks necessary to process
data into information

4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
n Programming language
n Set of words, symbols, and codes that enables a
programmer to communicate a solution
algorithm to the computer

5. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS
n User-friendly software products
designed to assist in the creation of
information system solutions

6. CATEGORIES OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
n Machine languages
n Assembly languages
n Third-generation languages
n Fourth-generation languages (4GL)
n Natural languages

7. Low Level Versus High Level
n Low level
n is written to run on one particular
computer
n High level
n can run on many different types of
computers

8. Machine languages
n Also known as first-generation language
n Machine language is referred to as level languages
n Instructions use a series of binary digits (1s and 0s)
n The only language that the computer directly
understand
n Disadvantage
n Tedious to code program
n Time consuming
n Program is machine dependent

9. Example of machine languages

10. Assembly languages
n instructions are written using abbreviations and codes
n Also referred as low-level languages
n Writes codes such as A for addition, C for compare
n Programmer can refer to storage locations with symbolic addresses
n Machine dependent
n Source program
n Program containing the assembly language code
n Macros
n Generate more than one machine language instruction
n Needs translator (assembler) to convert program into machine codes

11. Example of assembly
languages

12. Third-generation languages
n Instructions, which use a series of English-like
words
n Are procedural languages because the computer
must be told what to accomplish and how to do it.
n Needs translator to convert program into machine
codes
n Compilers
n Interpreters
n Object code or object program
n The machine language version that results from the
compiling the 3GL

13. Example of a Compiler

14. Example of a Interpreter

15. Fourth-Generation
Languages (4GL)
n Which also uses English-like statements
n Is a nonprocedural language because a
programmer only specifies what the program
should accomplish without explaining how.
n Syntax (rules of the language) are to be
followed
n Machine independent

16. Example of SQL

17. Natural languages
n Is a type of query language that allows
the user to enter requests resembling
human speech.

18. OBJECT-ORIENTED
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
n Programmers create objects
n Classes
n Subclasses
n Superclasses
n Inheritance

19. OBJECT-ORIENTED
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
n Object-Oriented Programming
n Object-oriented programming (OOP)
language
n Event-driven

20. POPULAR PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
n BASIC
n Visual Basic
n Design the graphical user interface
n Write code for program events
n Generate the application
n COBOL

21. POPULAR PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
n C
n C++
n FORTRAN
n Pascal
n Ada
n RPG (Report Program Generator)
n Other programming languages

22. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS
n Application generators (program generators)
n Form builders (screen painters)
n Menu generator

23. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS
n Macros
n Recording macros
n Writing macros
n Running macros
n RAD Tools: Visual Basic, Delphi, and
PowerBuilder
n Visual Basic
n Delphi
n PowerBuilder

24. WEB PAGE PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
n HTML
n Hypertext markup language (HTML)
n Tags (markups)
n Resulting Web page
n Scripts, Applets, and Servlets
n Common gateway interface (CGI)
n Counter
n Image map
n Processing form

25. WEB PAGE PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
n Java, JavaScript, and Perl
n Java
n JavaScript
n Perl
n Dynamic HTML (DHMTL)
n Allows more graphical interest and interactivity in Web
pages
n Style sheets
n XML
n eXtensible Markup Language
n May replace HTML

26. MULTIMEDIA PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
n Multimedia authoring software
n Used to display text, graphics,
animation, audio, and video into an
electronic interactive presentation

27. SELECTING A PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE OR PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT TOOL
n Standards of the organization
n Interface with other programs
n Suitability of the language to the
application
n Portability to other systems

28. SUMMARY OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
n Categories of programming languages
n Object-oriented program development
n Popular programming languages
n Program development tools
n Web page program development
n Multimedia program development