The document discusses one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++. It defines an array as a series of elements of the same type that allows storing multiple values of that type. For one-dimensional arrays, it covers declaring, initializing, and accessing arrays using indexes. Two-dimensional arrays are defined as arrays of arrays, representing a table with rows and columns where each element is accessed using row and column indexes. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++.

1. ARRCAYS
One-dimensional Array

2. One-dimensional array
A one-dimensional array is a list related values. (Lab. Manual, Page 92)
You are knowledgeable & experience of the following:
1. Declare one-dimensional array
2. Initialize one-dimensional array
3. Understand the initialization and declaration of a one-dimensional array
4. Perform fundamental operations of a one-dimensional array
An array is a series of elements of the same type.
It means that, we can store 10 values of type INT in an array without having to declare 10 different
values of the same type INT.
Example:
int a1;
int a2;
int a3;
and so on…
Instead this way  int a[10];

3. Declaration of an array
Like regular variable, an array must be declared before it is used.
Type name[elements]
Where type is a valid type (int, float,)
Where name is a valid identifier
Where elements specifies the size of an array
Example:
int testArray[10];
An individual element of an array is accessed through index.
An index describes the position of an element within an array.
Arrays have zero as the index of the first element.
In the example.
How many elements?
What is the first element?
What is the last element?

4. Initializing array
To assign initial values to each one of its elements by
enclosing the values in curly braces { }.
Example:
int ArraySample[5] = {10,20,30,40,50};
The compiler will identify or assume the size of an array
that will matches the number of values that
Is included between the curly braces.
After declaration the above example,
array sample would be 5 int long,
because we initialized 5 values.

5. Accessing the values of an array
We can access the value of any elements individually like a normal variable.
Format/Syntax:
Name[index];
Example:
ArraySample[2];
To store a value
ArraySample[2]=70;
To pass a value
a = ArraySample[2];
Previous example:
int ArraySample[5] = {10,20,30,40,50};
What is the last element?
What is the value of second element?
If we write/access ArraySample[5]. You are accessing
out-of-range elements.
Where you experience the error? compilation or runtime?

6. Example program (Problem)
Create a program that will allow a user to enter four scores of
the quizzes and display the average.
See lab manual page 95
Output:
Display the average of the four quizzes on the screen using for loop statement.

7. •A multi-dimensional arrays
described as “arrays of arrays”
Two dimensional Arrays

8. At the end of this topic, you should be able to:
• Declare a two-dimensional array
• Perform fundamentals operations on a two-dimensional array
• Use parameters for a two-dimensional arrays

9. The simplest form of the multidimensional array is a two –dimensional array.
A two-dimensional array is a list of one-dimensional arrays.
A two-dimensional array can be understood as a table containing rows and columns.
Format/Syntax:
type name[rows][columns];
Example: to declare an array
int arraySample[a][b];
Where type can be any valid c++ data type
Where arraySample can be a valid identifier
Where [a] and [b] is the rows and columns
Two-dimensional arrays are declared by specifying the number of rows and columns.

10. A two-dimensional array can be think as a table which will have an X number of rows
and Y number of columns.
Example below is a two-dimensional array which contains three rows and four columns.
myArray[rows][columns];
Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Row 0 myArray [0][0] myArray [0][1] myArray [0][2] myArray [0][3]
Row 1 myArray [1][0] myArray [1][1] myArray [1][2] myArray [1][3]
Row 2 myArray [2][0] myArray [2][1] myArray [2][2] myArray [2][3]
Every element in array myArray is identified by an element name of the
form myArray[rows][columns]
Where myArray is the name of the array.
Where [rows] and [columns] are the subscript that uniquely identified
each element in myArray.

11. Initializing two-dimensional arrays
You can specify initial values by enclosing each row in curly braces { }.
Example 1:
char board[3][3] = {{‘x’, ‘x’, ‘o’},
{‘o’, ‘o’, ‘x’},
{‘x’, ‘o’, ‘ ‘}};
If some elements are omitted in the
initialization list, they are set to zero.
Example 2:
int a[3][4]= {{0,1,2,3}, initialize for row indexed by 0
{4,5,6,7}, initialize for row indexed by 1
{8,9,10,11}}; initialize for row indexed by 2
The nested braces, which indicate the
ntended row are optional.
You can write as:
int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};

12. Subscripting two-dimensional array elements
Note: Passing over all elements of a two-dimensional array is usually done with nested loops.
Write subscript as x[row][col]. (Lab Manual page 100)
Accessing two-dimensional array elements
An element in two-dimensional array is accessed by using the subscript,
ROW Index and COLUMN index of the array.
EXAMPLE:
int val = a[2][3] // this will take 4th element from the 3rd row of the array. To verify page 99.

13. Example program (Problem) Page 101
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[5][2] = {{0,0},{1,2},{2,4},{3,6},{4,8}};
for(int n=0;n<5;n++)
for(int m=0;m<2;m++)
{
cout<<"a["<<n<<"]["<<m<<"]";
cout<<a[n][m]<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
|name| rows|columns|values|
a[0][0]0
a[0][1]0
a[1][0]1
a[1][1]2
a[2][0]2
a[2][1]4
a[3][0]3
a[3][1]6
a[4][0]4
a[4][1]8
R|C
{0,0}
{1,2}
{2,4}
{3,6}
{4,8}

14. Assignment Lab Manual page 103